scholarly journals Comparative Physiological, Biochemical, and Proteomic Responses of Photooxidation-Prone Rice Mutant 812HS under High Light Conditions

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2225
Author(s):  
Aisha Almakas ◽  
Guoxiang Chen ◽  
Fahad Masoud Wattoo ◽  
Rashid Mehmood Rana ◽  
Muhammad Asif Saleem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Light ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Recovery Stage ◽  
High Brightness ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Rice Mutant ◽  
Oxidative Damages ◽  
Photochemical Activities ◽  
Chlorophyll A And B ◽  
Proteomic Responses

Photosynthetic efficiency decreases as light energy surpasses the photosynthesis capacity. This study was designed to investigate the potential effects of high-intensity light on the photooxidation-prone mutant 812HS of rice and its wild-type 812S during yellow and recovering stages. Results showed that in the yellowing stage, light oxidation occurs due to the exposure of mutant 812HS leaves to the high sunlight, which causes yellowing of the leaves, leading to a reduction in the photochemical activities, physiological mechanisms, and protein contents in mutant 812HS. In the recovery stage, mutant 812HS leaves were exposed to the maximum high brightness, the mutant’s leaves were draped with a dark cover to decrease the exposure of leaves of the plants from direct sunlight, which leads to the restoration of the green color again to the mutant 812HS leaves, leading to improving the performance of the photochemical activities, physiological mechanisms, and protein contents in mutant 812HS. Exposing leaves of mutant 812HS to high light at the yellow stage also resulted in a decrease in the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) in carotenoids content and chlorophyll a and b. Similarly, chlorophyll fluorescence of mutant 812HS decreased in (O-I-J-I-P) curves, and the ATP content, Mg2+-ATPase, and Ca2+-ATPase activities also decreased. An increase in energy dissipation was observed, while ABS/RC, DI0/RC, and TR0/RC values in mutant 812HS at the yellow stage increased. During photooxidation, an increase in O2•– and H2O2 contents was observed in mutant 812HS. While O2•– and H2O2 contents were decreased in mutant 812HS at the recovery stage. The rate of thylakoid membrane protein content was significantly decreased in mutant 812HS at the yellow stage, while at the recovery stage, there was no significant decrease. Our findings showed that photooxidation prompted oxidative damages and lipid peroxidation that caused severe damages to the membranes of the cell, photosynthetic pigments degradation, protein levels, and photosynthesis inhibition in mutant 812HS.

scholarly journals Relation between both oxidative and metabolic-osmotic cell damages and initial injury severity in bombing casualties

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 545-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Vuceljic ◽  
Gordana Zunic ◽  
Predrag Romic ◽  
Miodrag Jevtic
Keyword(s):  
Total Protein ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Cellular Membrane ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Oxidative Damages ◽  
Gradual Development ◽  
Initial Injury ◽  
Initial Severity

Background/Aim. We have recently reported the development of oxidative cell damages in bombing casualties within a very early period after the initial injury. The aim of this study, was to investigate malondialdehyde (MDA), as an indicator of lipid peroxidation, and osmolal gap (OG), as a good indicator of metabolic cell damages and to assess their relationship with the initial severity of the injury in bombing casualties. Methods. The study included the males (n = 52), injured during the bombing with the Injury Severity Score (ISS) ranging from 3 to 66. The whole group of casualties was devided into a group of less severely (ISS < 25, n = 24) and a group of severely (ISS ? 26, n = 28) injured males. The uninjured volunteers (n = 10) were the controls. Osmolality, MDA, sodium, glucose, urea, creatinine, total bilirubin and total protein levels were measured in the venous blood, sampled daily, within a ten-day period. Results. In both groups of casualties, MDA and OG levels increased, total protein levels decreased, while other parameters were within the control limits. MDA alterations correlated with ISS (r = 0.414, p < 0.01), while a statistically significant correlation between OG and ISS was not obtained. Interestingly, in spite of some differences in MDA and OG trends, at the end of the examined period they were at the similar level in both groups. Conclusion. The initial oxidative damages of the cellular membrane with intracellular metabolic disorders contributed to the gradual development of metabolic-osmotic damages of cells, which, consequently caused the OG increase. In the bombing casualties, oxidative cell damages were dependent on the initial injury severity, while metabolic-osmotic cell damages were not.

scholarly journals Plasma Membrane Ca2+ Permeable Mechanosensitive Channel OsDMT1 Is Involved in Regulation of Plant Architecture and Ion Homeostasis in Rice

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 1097
Author(s):  
Jiayan Liang ◽  
Yan He ◽  
Qiuxin Zhang ◽  
Wenyi Wang ◽  
Zemin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Plant Architecture ◽  
Ion Homeostasis ◽  
Mechanosensitive Channel ◽  
Production Plant ◽  
Transcript Expression ◽  
Calcium Dependent ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Rice Mutant

Plant architecture is an important factor for crop production. Plant height, tiller pattern, and panicle morphology are decisive factors for high grain yield in rice. Here, we isolated and characterized a T-DNA insertion rice mutant Osdmt1 (Oryza sativa dwarf and multi-tillering1) that exhibited a severe dwarf phenotype and multi-tillering. Molecular cloning revealed that DMT1 encodes a plasma membrane protein that was identified as a putative Ca2+ permeable mechanosensitive channel. The transcript expression level was significantly higher in the dmt1 mutant compared to wild type (WT). Additionally, the dmt1 homozygous mutant displayed a stronger phenotype than that of the WT and heterozygous seedlings after gibberellic acid (GA) treatment. RNA-seq and iTRAQ-based proteome analyses were performed between the dmt1 mutant and WT. The transcriptome profile revealed that several genes involved in GA and strigolactone (SL) biosyntheses were altered in the dmt1 mutant. Ca2+ and other ion concentrations were significantly enhanced in the dmt1 mutant, suggesting that DMT1 contributes to the accumulation of several ions in rice. Moreover, several EF-hand Ca2+ sensors, including CMLs (CaM-like proteins) and CDPKs (calcium-dependent protein kinases), displayed markedly altered transcript expression and protein levels in the dmt1 mutant. Overall, these findings aid in the elucidation of the multiply regulatory roles of OsDMT1/OsMCA1 in rice.

Effect of sulphur dioxide and ozone singly or in combination on leaf chlorophyll, RNA, and protein in white bean

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (18) ◽  
pp. 1940-1945 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Beckerson ◽  
G. Hofstra
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Sulphur Dioxide ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Normal Leaf ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Leaf Drop ◽  
White Bean ◽  
Chlorophyll A And B ◽  
Rna Levels

The effect of 0.15 ppm ozone and (or) 0.15 ppm sulphurdioxide on leaf chlorophyll, RNA, and protein levels was investigated. Ozone-treated leaves exhibited reddish-brown colored lesions and an immediate and continuous decrease in chlorophyll a and b levels over a 5-day period, whereas protein levels increased and there was no effect on RNA levels compared to the control group of plants. Sulphur dioxide-treated leaves exhibited an immediate increase in chlorophyll a and b, but protein and RNA levels were not affected. The sulphur dioxide – ozone mixture caused an interveinal chlorisis by about day 3 and produced a decrease in chlorophyll a and b which was delayed by 2 days compared with leaves exposed to ozone alone. By the end of the 5-day period, chlorophyll a and b levels were less than in leaves treated with ozone alone, but the interveinal chlorosis that occurred was not due to phaeophytinization of the chlorophyll molecules. Protein and RNA levels were not affected. Although both ozone and the pollutant mixture caused chlorophyll destruction and premature leaf drop, the changes that occurred in the leaf were not typical of normal leaf senescence.

scholarly journals Regulating SWI/SNF Subunit Levels via Protein-Protein Interactions and Proteasomal Degradation: BAF155 and BAF170 Limit Expression of BAF57

2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (20) ◽  
pp. 9016-9027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianguang Chen ◽  
Trevor K. Archer
Keyword(s):  
Chromatin Remodeling ◽  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Protein Protein Interactions ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Chromatin Remodeling Complex ◽  
Exogenous Expression ◽  
Protein Components ◽  
Enzyme Complexes

ABSTRACT The mammalian SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex, whose function is of critical importance in transcriptional regulation, contains approximately 10 protein components. The expression levels of the core SWI/SNF subunits, including BRG1/Brm, BAF155, BAF170, BAF60, hSNF/Ini1, and BAF57, are stoichiometric, with few to no unbound molecules in the cell. Here we report that exogenous expression of the wild type or certain deletion mutants of BAF57, a key subunit that mediates the interaction between the remodeling complex and transcription factors, results in diminished expression of endogenous BAF57. This down-regulation process is mediated by an increase in proteasome-dependent degradation of the BAF57 protein. Furthermore, the protein levels of BAF155/170 dictate the maximum cellular amount of BAF57. We mapped the domains responsible for the interaction between BAF57 and BAF155 and demonstrated that protein-protein interactions between them play an important role in this regulatory process. These findings provide insights into the physiological mechanisms responsible for maintaining the proper stoichiometric levels of the protein components comprising multimeric enzyme complexes.

scholarly journals MACROMOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY OF PLASTIDS

1970 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 290-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. W. Henningsen ◽  
J. E. Boynton
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
High Light Intensity ◽  
High Light ◽  
Continuous Illumination ◽  
Prolamellar Bodies ◽  
Chlorophyll A And B ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Sequential changes occurring in the etioplasts of the primary leaf of 7-day-old dark-grown barley seedlings upon continuous illumination with 20 lux have been investigated by electron microscopy, in vivo spectrophotometry, and thin-layer chromatography. Following photoconversion of the protochlorophyllide pigment to chlorophyllide and the structural transformation of the crystalline prolamellar bodies, the tubules of the prolamellar bodies are dispersed into the primary lamellar layers. As both chlorophyll a and b accumulate, extensive formation of grana takes place. After 4 hr of greening, protochlorophyllide starts to reaccumulate, and concomitantly both large and small crystalline prolamellar bodies are formed. This protochlorophyllide is rapidly photoconverted upon exposure of the leaves to high light intensity, which also effects a rapid reorganization of the recrystallized prolamellar bodies into primary lamellar layers.

scholarly journals High light stress triggers distinct proteomic responses in the marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana

BMC Genomics ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Po Dong ◽  
Yue-Lei Dong ◽  
Lei Cui ◽  
Srinivasan Balamurugan ◽  
Jian Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Stress ◽  
High Light ◽  
Thalassiosira Pseudonana ◽  
Marine Diatom ◽  
High Light Stress ◽  
Proteomic Responses

scholarly journals WIPI1, BAG1, and PEX3 Autophagy-Related Genes Are Relevant Melanoma Markers

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela D’Arcangelo ◽  
Claudia Giampietri ◽  
Mario Muscio ◽  
Francesca Scatozza ◽  
Francesco Facchiano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Survival Data ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Expression Change ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Functional Relationships ◽  
Oxidative Damages ◽  
Gene And Protein Expression ◽  
Human Protein Atlas

ROS and oxidative stress may promote autophagy; on the other hand, autophagy may help reduce oxidative damages. According to the known interplay of ROS, autophagy, and melanoma onset, we hypothesized that autophagy-related genes (ARGs) may represent useful melanoma biomarkers. We therefore analyzed the gene and protein expression of 222 ARGs in human melanoma samples, from 5 independent expression databases (overall 572 patients). Gene expression was first evaluated in the GEO database. Forty-two genes showed extremely high ability to discriminate melanoma from nevi (63 samples) according to ROC (AUC≥0.85) and Mann-Whitney (p<0.0001) analyses. The 9 genes never related to melanoma before were then in silico validated in the IST online database. BAG1, CHMP2B, PEX3, and WIPI1 confirmed a strong differential gene expression, in 355 samples. A second-round validation performed on the Human Protein Atlas database showed strong differential protein expression for BAG1, PEX3, and WIPI1 in melanoma vs control samples, according to the image analysis of 80 human histological sections. WIPI1 gene expression also showed a significant prognostic value (p<0.0001) according to 102 melanoma patients’ survival data. We finally addressed in Oncomine database whether WIPI1 overexpression is melanoma-specific. Within more than 20 cancer types, the most relevant WIPI1 expression change (p=0.00002; fold change=3.1) was observed in melanoma. Molecular/functional relationships of the investigated molecules with melanoma and their molecular/functional network were analyzed via Chilibot software, STRING analysis, and gene ontology enrichment analysis. We conclude that WIPI1 (AUC=0.99), BAG1 (AUC=1), and PEX3 (AUC=0.93) are relevant novel melanoma markers at both gene and protein levels.

scholarly journals Dynamic High-Sensitivity Quantitation of Procollagen-I by Endogenous CRISPR-Cas9 NanoLuciferase Tagging

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 2070
Author(s):  
Ben C. Calverley ◽  
Karl E. Kadler ◽  
Adam Pickard
Keyword(s):  
Intracellular Transport ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
High Brightness ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Cargo Protein ◽  
Test Protein ◽  
Clinical Interest ◽  
Good Signal ◽  
Subcellular Resolution

The ability to quantitate a protein of interest temporally and spatially at subcellular resolution in living cells would generate new opportunities for research and drug discovery, but remains a major technical challenge. Here, we describe dynamic, high-sensitivity protein quantitation technique using NanoLuciferase (NLuc) tagging, which is effective across microscopy and multiwell platforms. Using collagen as a test protein, the CRISPR-Cas9-mediated introduction of nluc (encoding NLuc) into the Col1a2 locus enabled the simplification and miniaturisation of procollagen-I (PC-I) quantitation. Collagen was chosen because of the clinical interest in its dysregulation in cardiovascular and musculoskeletal disorders, and in fibrosis, which is a confounding factor in 45% of deaths, including those brought about by cancer. Collagen is also the cargo protein of choice for studying protein secretion because of its unusual shape and size. However, the use of overexpression promoters (which drowns out endogenous regulatory mechanisms) is often needed to achieve good signal/noise ratios in fluorescence microscopy of tagged collagen. We show that endogenous knock-in of NLuc, combined with its high brightness, negates the need to use exogenous promoters, preserves the circadian regulation of collagen synthesis and the responsiveness to TGF-β, and enables time-lapse microscopy of intracellular transport compartments containing procollagen cargo. In conclusion, we demonstrate the utility of CRISPR-Cas9-mediated endogenous NLuc tagging to robustly quantitate extracellular, intracellular, and subcellular protein levels and localisation.

scholarly journals Modulation of Photorespiratory Enzymes by Oxidative and Photo-Oxidative Stress Induced by Menadione in Leaves of Pea (Pisum sativum)

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 987
Author(s):  
Ramesh B. Bapatla ◽  
Deepak Saini ◽  
Vetcha Aswani ◽  
Pidakala Rajsheel ◽  
Bobba Sunil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Redox State ◽  
High Light ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Glycolate Oxidase ◽  
Glycerate Kinase ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Phosphoglycolate Phosphatase ◽  
Subcellular Compartments ◽  
Organelle Communication

Photorespiration, an essential component of plant metabolism, is concerted across four subcellular compartments, namely, chloroplast, peroxisome, mitochondrion, and the cytoplasm. It is unclear how the pathway located in different subcellular compartments respond to stress occurring exclusively in one of those. We attempted to assess the inter-organelle interaction during the photorespiratory pathway. For that purpose, we induced oxidative stress by menadione (MD) in mitochondria and photo-oxidative stress (high light) in chloroplasts. Subsequently, we examined the changes in selected photorespiratory enzymes, known to be located in other subcellular compartments. The presence of MD upregulated the transcript and protein levels of five chosen photorespiratory enzymes in both normal and high light. Peroxisomal glycolate oxidase and catalase activities increased by 50% and 25%, respectively, while chloroplastic glycerate kinase and phosphoglycolate phosphatase increased by ~30%. The effect of MD was maximum in high light, indicating photo-oxidative stress was an influential factor to regulate photorespiration. Oxidative stress created in mitochondria caused a coordinative upregulation of photorespiration in other organelles. We provided evidence that reactive oxygen species are important signals for inter-organelle communication during photorespiration. Thus, MD can be a valuable tool to modulate the redox state in plant cells to study the metabolic consequences across membranes.

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