The Effect of Microwave Treatment on Germination and Health of Carrot (Daucus carota L.) Seeds

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of microwave treatment on seed germination and health of carrot seeds using two seed lots naturally infected with the pathogens Alternaria dauci and A. radicina. Seeds of cv. Amsterdam and cv. Berlikumer varied in seed germination at the final count (50% and 29%, respectively), and seed infestation with A. radicina (38% and 5%, respectively). For treatment, seeds were placed in a Petri dish (dry treatment) or in a beaker with distilled water (wet treatment) and irradiated at power output levels 500, 650 and 750 W for 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 s. Germination and health were determined in treated and untreated (control) seed samples. Wet treatment controlled seed-borne fungi more efficiently than dry treatment. However, the exposure duration longer than 60 s frequently resulted in deterioration of seed germination. The highest seed germination in cv. Amsterdam was observed after microwave wet treatment at power output levels of 500 W for 75 s (81%), 650 W for 45 s (85%), and 750 W for 60 s (77%), whereas in the case of cv. Berlikumer this occurred when wet seeds were treated at 500 and 650 W for 60 s (46% and 43% respectively). Treating seeds soaked in water with microwaves for a period longer than 30 s, regardless of the power output, significantly decreased seed infestation with Alternaria spp. in both samples.

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The Effect of Acetic Acid Treatments on the Quality of Stored Carrot (Daucus carota L.) Seeds

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11061176 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 1176

Author(s):

Hanna Dorna ◽

Agnieszka Rosińska ◽

Dorota Szopińska

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Storage Duration ◽

Seed Vigour ◽

Daucus Carota L ◽

Two Samples ◽

Before And After ◽

Alternaria Dauci ◽

Acid Treatments

Alternaria dauci (J.G. Kühn) J.W. Groves et Skolko and A. radicina Meier, Drechsler et E.D. Eddy are important seed-transmitted pathogens of carrot. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of acetic acid treatments on the quality of stored carrot seeds. Seeds of two samples were soaked for 30 min in 0.5, 1 and 2% acetic acid. Controls included untreated seeds, seeds soaked in distilled water and seeds treated with fungicide Zaprawa Nasienna T 75 WS/DS (a.i. thiram 75%). Germination, vigour and health of untreated and treated seeds were evaluated before and after 5 and 12 months of storage at 4 and 20 °C. Seeds of both samples treated with 0.5 and 1% acetic acid were characterized by higher germination capacity after storage than untreated seeds. However, treatments with 1 and 2% acetic acid negatively affected seed vigour. Generally, seeds of both samples treated with acetic acid were characterized by lower infestation with A. alternata and A. radicina after storage than untreated seeds and seeds soaked in distilled water. Moreover, acetic acid often controlled these fungi more effectively than the fungicide. Regardless of the storage duration, infestation with fungi was higher if seeds of both samples were stored at a lower temperature.

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Germination of seeds and growth of seedlings of selected grass species under the influence of blastokolins from germinating grass seeds

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.2006.081 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 59 (2) ◽

pp. 253-262

Author(s):

Halina Lipińska

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Poa Pratensis ◽

Petri Dish ◽

Phleum Pratense ◽

Grass Species ◽

Festuca Pratensis ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Petri Dishes ◽

Randomization Method ◽

Growth Of Seedlings

Experiments were carried out under laboratory conditions in Department of Grass Science and Greenland Shaping in 2002-2004. Studies included six experiment series on Petri dishes set by means of complete randomization method in four replications. Following species were tested: Festulolium, Festuca pratensis, Lolium perenne, Phleum pratense and Poa pratensis making one or two-species combinations. Fifteen seeds of two species were arranged alternately in 1- centimeter distance on a Petri dish. Objects where seeds germinated with no neighborhood of other species (30 seeds on a dish), were control. The filter's humidity on Petri dishes was maintained by wetting it with distilled water. Achieved results revealed significant influence of blastokolins of tested grass species on seed germination and initial seedling growth. Secretion of germinating Festulolium seeds showed the highest activity. Reaction of tested grass species to allelochemicals varied. In reference to control objects, Phleum pratense among tested species was distinguished with the highest susceptibility to allelochemicals released during seed germination.

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Seed-borne fungi of cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] and their possible control in vitro using locally available fungicides in Botswana.

International Journal of Bioassays ◽

10.21746/ijbio.2016.11.005 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (11) ◽

pp. 5016 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

K. B. Khare* ◽

Loeto D. ◽

Wale K. ◽

Salani M.

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Continuous Light ◽

Sodium Hypochlorite Solution ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Percentage Germination ◽

Department Of Agriculture ◽

Hypochlorite Solution ◽

Cowpea Cultivars ◽

Petri Plate

Seeds of three cowpea cultivars namely Black eye, ER 7 and Tswana obtained from the Department of Agriculture Research, Gaborone were tested for the presence of seed-borne fungi, and their possible control in vitro using locally available fungicides. Four hundred fifty seeds of each cultivar of cowpea were disinfected with 2% sodium hypochlorite solution for 10 min and washed three times with sterile distilled water before placing them in PDA plates (5 seeds/9 cm Petri plate), incubated at 22±2o C for 12 hour each under continuous light and dark. A total of eight fungi were detected from seeds of cowpea. These were Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, Cylindrocarpon sp., Fusarium equisiti, F. oxyaporum, Penicillium chyrosogenum, Rhizopus oligosporus and R. stolonifer. Rhizopus spp. were dominant fungi recovered from seeds, followed by Penicillium, Aspergillus, Fusarium and Cylindrocarpon. The fungi detected resulted in decay and rotting of seeds, and thereby reducing percentage germination of seeds (22%, 37% and 63 % seed germination in Black eye, ER7 and Tswana varieties of cowpea respectively). Out of four fungicides tested, benlate, captan, dithane M 45 and chlorothalanil. Dithane M45 effectively controlled seed-borne fungi, and enhanced seed germination to an average of 86% (93% germination with no fungi detected in Tswana variety) as compared to chlorothalonile (79%), benlate and captan (77%) and un-treated seeds (45%). The fungal incidence was reduced to 2.3%, 4.3%, 5.3% and 5.3% when seeds were treated with dithane M-45, chlorothalonil, benlate and captan respectively as compared to 62% in non-treated seeds.

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Effects of Different Priming Treatments on Seed Germination Properties, Yield Components and Grain Yield of Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.)

Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca ◽

10.15835/nbha4319832 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

pp. 153-158 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Faruk TOKLU

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Yield Components ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Yield Component ◽

Field Conditions ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Peg 6000 ◽

Positive Effects

An experiment was conducted under laboratory and field conditions in order to evaluate the effects of different priming treatments, specifically KNO3 (1%), KCl (2%), KH2PO4 (1%), ZnSO4 (0.05%), PEG-6000 (20%), IBA (100 ppm), Mannitol (4%), GA3 (100 ppm) and distilled water, on seed germination properties and several agro-morphological plant characteristics of red lentil. Seeds not primed were used as a control. GA3 treatment increased shoot length. The control (non-primed seeds) treatment resulted in increased seedling root number and length. Distilled water, ZnSO4 and control treatments increased germination rate and percentage. In the pot experiments, GA3 treatment increased plant height and seedling emergence rate, whereas KCl treatment improved the number of nodules, as well as root and shoot dry weight when compared to the control. ZnSO4 treatment increased yield components and grain yield in field conditions. The results of this study showed that ZnSO4, GA3 and PEG-6000 seed priming treatments may be useful tools due to their positive effects on germination rate, germination percentage, yield component and grain yield of lentil.

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2. Identificación morfológica y molecular de cepas del hongo (Alternaria dauci) patógeno de la zanahoria (Daucus carota L.)

APORTE SANTIAGUINO ◽

10.32911/as.2018.v11.n1.453 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 21

Author(s):

Adan Acevedo Cruz

Keyword(s):

Daucus Carota ◽

Daucus Carota L ◽

Alternaria Dauci

La finalidad del estudio fue la identificación morfológica y molecular de las cepas de Alternaria dauci, causantes de la quemadura foliar de la zanahoria. Para ello, mediante técnicas convencionales se aislaron 50 cepas del hongo del cultivo de zanahoria, ubicada en el departamento de Landes al sudoeste de Francia. Las observaciones macroscópicas y microscópicas de las colonias mostraron que: 10 (42A, 42B, 25A, 37B, 22A, 12B, 2A, 22B, 12A y 25B) de las 50 cepas presentaron micelios de aspecto algodonoso, pigmentación rojo claro a marrón del Extracto de Malta Agar (EMA), conidióforos alargados y no ramificados, conidios ovalados con septos transversales y longitudinales. Se realizó el monosporage de las 10 cepas con características propias de A. dauci se obtuvieron 40 cepas puras. De las cuales, la identificación molecular con la PCR, se logró amplificar el ADN de 30 cepas con los primers universales ITS1/ITS4 con una talla de 600 pb, y la verificación de estas cepas con la PCR utilizando los primers específicos Ada3 y Ada5 de A. dauci, reveló que 9 cepas puras: M25AA1, M12BA1, M12AA2, M37BA2, M22BB2, M25BB2, M42AB1, M42BB1 y M42BB2 pertenecen a la especie A. dauci con un peso molecular correspondiente a 159 pb.

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Effect of NaCl on seed germination in some Centaurium Hill. Species (Gentianaceae)

Archives of Biological Sciences ◽

10.2298/abs0703227z ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 59 (3) ◽

pp. 227-231 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

S. Zivkovic ◽

M. Devic ◽

B. Filipovic ◽

Z. Giba ◽

D. Grubisic

Keyword(s):

Life History ◽

Salt Tolerance ◽

Seed Germination ◽

Gibberellic Acid ◽

White Light ◽

The Other ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Nacl Concentration ◽

History Of ◽

Species Specific

The influence of high NaCl concentrations on seed germination in both light and darkness was examined in the species Centaurium pulchellum, C. erythraea, C. littorale, C. spicatum, and C. tenuiflorum. Salt tolerance was found to depend on the life history of the seeds. To be specific, seeds of all five species failed to complete germination when exposed to continuous white light if kept all the time in the presence of 100-200 mM and greater NaCl concentrations. However, when after two weeks NaCl was rinsed from the seeds and the seeds were left in distilled water under white light for an additional two weeks, all species completed germination to a certain extent. The percent of germination not only depended on NaCl concentration in the prior medium, but was also species specific. Thus, seeds of C. pulchellum, C. erythraea, and C. littorale completed germination well almost irrespective of the salt concentration previously experienced. On the other hand, seeds of C. tenuiflorum completed germination poorly if NaCl concentrations in the prior media were greater than 200 mM. When seeds after washing were transferred to darkness for an additional 14 days, they failed to complete germination if previously imbibed on media containing NaCl concentrations greater than 400 mM. However, the seeds of all species, even if previously imbibed at 800 mM NaCl, could be induced to complete germination in darkness by 1 mM gibberellic acid. .

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Allelopathic Interactions of Parthenium hysterophorous with Kidney Bean, Phaseolus vulgaris

Asian Journal of Biology ◽

10.9734/ajob/2020/v10i330108 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 25-33

Author(s):

H. M. Tsingalia ◽

J. M. Auma

Keyword(s):

Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽

Seed Germination ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Shoot Growth ◽

Combined Treatment ◽

Kidney Bean ◽

Root Extract ◽

Indigenous Species ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Leaf Extracts

Allelopathy, an important mechanism in invasive species stems from the lack of coevolved tolerance of indigenous species to novel chemicals released by the invader species. These chemicals are key to successful invasive of species of natural plant communities and ecosystems. This study analyzed the allelopathic effects of the invasive plant, Parthenium hysterophorous on the growth of kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris). One hundred and fifty viable kidney bean seeds were washed in distilled water, and transferred in triplicates to pots with wet sterile sand. Ten grams of freshly collected Parthenium leaves and roots were weighed, grounded separately using a mortar and a pestle, mixed with 100 ml of distilled water in a beaker and left for 24 hours in a dark at a room temperature (250C). The aqueous extract filtrates were used in experimental treatments. While untreated (control) seeds germinated on day 4 seeds treated with leaf extract germinated on day 14 and day 9 for the root extract. Leaf extract inhibited germination and sprouting of new leaves more effectively than root extract. Leaves in control seeds appeared on day 1 after germination. In treated seeds, leaves appeared on the 4th day then stagnated until day 15 when more leaves sprouted. Root extract significantly depressed seed germination. The number of new leaves increased significantly in control seedlings compared to the treated ones. Combined root and leaf extracts highly significantly inhibited of seed germination and the number of new leaves. Additionally, combined treatment with root and leaf extracts significantly inhibited shoot growth, and the increase in leaf length and width. A comparison of the effectiveness of the root and leaf extracts showed that leaf extract was more effective in inhibiting shoot growth and leaf width than the root extract.

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Imbibition, Germination, and Early Seedling Growth Responses of Light Purple and Yellow Seeds of Red Clover to Distilled Water, Sodium Chloride, and Nutrient Solution

Sci ◽

10.3390/sci1020051 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 51 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ana Costa ◽

Luís Dias ◽

Alexandra Dias

Keyword(s):

Sodium Chloride ◽

Seed Germination ◽

Nutrient Solution ◽

Seedling Growth ◽

Red Clover ◽

Superior Performance ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Seed Imbibition ◽

Early Seedling Growth ◽

Early Seedling

The seeds of red clover are heteromorphic and two color morphs can be visually recognized, light purple and yellow, resulting from heterozygosity and recessive homozygosity at two loci. Here, we report the responses of seed imbibition, seed germination, and early seedling growth of the two morphs to distilled water, sodium chloride, and complete nutrient solution. The sensitivityof red clover seeds to treatments increased with the stage of development in what seems to be a cumulative process. No differences were found in seed imbibition between morphs or between treatments. In seedling growth, on the contrary, treatments were always effective, but differences between morphs were only observed in seeds that were treated with nutrient solution, whereas in the intermediate stage of seed germination, the effects by treatments were observed together with the appearance of differences between morphs in distilled water and in the treatment by sodium chloride solution. Simultaneously, the superior performance of the yellow morph that was found in germination, which appears to be a trait stable across cultivars of red clover seeds, turned into a superior performance of the light purple morph in seedling growth.

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Seed Germination and Physiological Response of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Cultivars under Saline Conditions

Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca Horticulture ◽

10.15835/buasmvcn-hort:003817 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 75 (1) ◽

pp. 4

Author(s):

Carmen BEINSAN ◽

Renata SUMALAN ◽

Giancarla VELICEVICI ◽

Adriana CIULCA ◽

Radu SUMALAN

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Helianthus Annuus ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Saline Stress ◽

Free Proline ◽

Radicle Growth ◽

Helianthus Annuus L ◽

Control Seed ◽

Germination Process

The purpose of the experiment was to highlight the germination of sunflower seeds affected by the presence of saline stress and the identification of tolerant genotypes. The biological material was represented by sunflower cvs. (Helianthus annuus L.): Coril, Select, Santiago and Fundulea-206. To simulate the saline conditions, germination solutions of sodium chloride (NaCl) were used with concentrations corresponding to the osmotic pressures -6 and -10 atm and the control seed hydration was performed with distilled water. Determination of seed germination, growth of seedling, percentage of plumules dry matter, chlorophyll content and free proline were performed. The experimental data obtained suppose the existence in the assimilation apparatus of sunflowers seedling subjected to stress a competitive chlorophyll/free proline biosynthesis processes. The experimental results regarding the effect of salinity on seed germination and seedling growth revealed important differences between genotypes. The radicle growth in the germination process were strongly affected by saline excess, with significant differences between cultivars. Saline stress results in significant reductions in the amount of chlorophyll, and high levels of free proline. It can be observed that with the increase of the stress level the percentage of the dry matter increases, indicating an accentuated water deficit.

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Hemp Dogbane Growth and Control

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500035244 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 156-159 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Laren R. Robison ◽

Larry S. Jeffery

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Soil Type ◽

Vegetative Growth ◽

Soil Cover ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Control Seed ◽

Cover Soil ◽

And Control ◽

Emergence Response ◽

Made In

Hemp dogbane (Apocynum cannabinum L.) was investigated relative to seed germination, depth of seedling emergence, response to clipping, influence of soil type and fertility on vegetative growth, and herbicidal control. Seed germination in this study was influenced by light and scarification. Seedling emergence was influenced by the amount of soil cover. Soil type and fertility affected vegetative growth. In a greenhouse clipping study, hemp dogbane became perennial 41 days after emergence and by 65 days was producing more than one shoot per plant following clipping. Hemp dogbane was more completely controlled following September application of herbicide than from application made in June.

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