Understanding the Community Perceptions and Knowledge of Bats and Transmission of Nipah Virus in Bangladesh

Bats are known reservoirs of Nipah virus (NiV) and some filoviruses and also appear likely to harbor the evolutionary progenitors of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). While bats are considered a reservoir of deadly viruses, little is known about people’s knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of bat conservation and ecology. The current study aimed to assess community people’s knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of bat ecology, myths, and the role of bats in transmitting NiV in Bangladesh. Since 2001, NiV has been a continuous threat to public health with a mortality rate of approximately 70% in Bangladesh. Over the years, many public health interventions have been implemented to raise awareness about bats and the spreading of NiV among the community peoples of Nipah outbreak areas (NOAs) and Nipah non-outbreak areas (NNOAs). We hypothesized that people from both areas might have similar knowledge of bat ecology and myths about bats but different knowledge regarding their role in the spreading of NiV. Using a four-point Likert scale-based questionnaire, our analysis showed that most people lack adequate knowledge regarding the role of bats in maintaining the ecological balance and instead trust their beliefs in different myths about bats. Factor score analysis showed that respondents’ gender (p = 0.01), the outbreak status of the area (p = 0.03), and their occupation (p = 0.04) were significant factors influencing their knowledge of bat ecology and myths. A regression analysis showed that farmers had 0.34 times the odds of having correct or positive knowledge of bat ecology and myths than businesspersons (odds ratio (OR) = 0.34, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 0.15–0.78, p = 0.01). Regarding the spreading of NiV via bats, people had a lower level of knowledge. In NOAs, age (p = 0.00), occupation (p = 0.00), and level of education (p = 0.00) were found to be factors contributing to the amount of knowledge regarding the transmission of NiV, whereas in NNOAs, the contributing factors were occupation (p = 0.00) and level of education (p = 0.01). Regression analysis revealed that respondents who were engaged in services (OR = 3.02, 95% CI = 1.07–8.54, p = 0.04) and who had completed primary education (OR = 3.06, 95% CI = 1.02–9.17, p < 0.05) were likely to have correct knowledge regarding the spreading of NiV. Based on the study results, we recommend educational interventions for targeted groups in the community, highlighting the ecosystem services and conservation of bats so as to improve people’s current knowledge and subsequent behavior regarding the role of bats in ecology and the spreading of NiV in Bangladesh.

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Preventive aspect of ayurveda and yoga towards newly emerging disease COVID-19

Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine ◽

10.1515/jcim-2020-0175 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Ranjeet S. Sawant ◽

Bharat D. Zinjurke ◽

Sandeep V. Binorkar

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽

Medical Care ◽

Supportive Therapy ◽

Prophylactic Therapy ◽

Current Line ◽

Therapeutic Aspect ◽

The Past

Abstract The ongoing coronavirus pandemic is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV 2) and unique in various facets. The earlier experience from the past severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemics seem to be insufficient and there is need for better strategies in public health and medical care. Ayurved & Yog are well known for their preventive and therapeutic aspect, but not getting utilized properly for prevention of Covid 19 crisis which may also be helpful as supportive therapy along with current line of management. This paper is aimed at unrevealing the role of Ayurved and Yoga guidelines established by Department of AYUSH for prevention from SARS-CoV-2 by providing help to improving the quality of supportive/prophylactic therapy in relation with their immunity.

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The Role of Universities' Electronic Management in Achieving Organizational Excellence: Example of Al Hussein Bin Talal University

World Journal of Education ◽

10.5430/wje.v9n3p53 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 53

Author(s):

Dima Waswas ◽

Mustafa Jwaifell

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Linear Regression ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Three Dimensions ◽

Work Place ◽

University Management ◽

Organizational Excellence ◽

Study Results ◽

Degree Level

The study aimed at identifying the level of applying electronic management and the organizational excellence atAl-Hussein Bin Talal University (AHU). It also attempted to predict the organizational excellence level through thedegree of applying electronic management. The study sample consisted of (249) administration members (academicmanagers, managers) at AHU. The study tool considered two sections: the first concerned measuring the level ofapplying electronic management with regard to three dimensions (administrative, materialistic, and technical); thesecond concerned identifying the organizational excellence level with regard to three dimensions (leadershipexcellence of university management, human staff excellence, and services excellence). A descriptive methodologywas used to accomplish the study objectives.The study results showed that the level of applying electronic management at AHU is average with regard toadministrative and technical dimensions, while it is poor regarding the materialistic dimension. It also revealed that thelevel of organizational excellence is average on the leadership excellence dimension but poor on human staffexcellence and services excellence dimensions. The study includes detailed analysis of the classified variables (workposition, experience years, work place). Linear regression analysis also showed that the level of organizationalexcellence achievement's degree can be predicted through identifying the degree level of applying electronicmanagement at AHU.

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Promoting Female Entrepreneurial Growth Intention in Thailand’s Tourism Industry: Role of Education Driven Ability, Opportunities and Advisory

Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience ◽

10.1166/jctn.2019.8372 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (11) ◽

pp. 4638-4645

Author(s):

Paitoon Chetthamrongchai ◽

Kittisak Jermsittiparsert

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Data Analysis ◽

Study Data ◽

Tourism Industry ◽

Female Entrepreneurs ◽

The Past ◽

Study Results ◽

Research Gap ◽

Entrepreneurial Growth

This research proposes to find out the aspects that impact the growth intention (GI) of female entrepreneurs in the sector of tourism of Thailand. The purpose of the current paper is to examine why female industrialists attain growth goals whereas others don’t. This research uses quantitative approach and a self-administrated questionnaire was utilized with 200 female tourism entrepreneurs in Thailand. In this study, data analysis was performed through SPSS and regression analysis was run. This study results revealed that that all hypotheses of the study were accepted and are also consistent with the findings of the past studies. This study also showed that female entrepreneurs in Thailand can increase their entrepreneurial capabilities though, the growth of their business is limited by the deficiency of fiscal resources. This study fills the research gap in the domain of feminine tourism industrialists and their growth intention (GI) from the perception of an emerging nation like Thailand.

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Physical activity of tourism and recreation students in terms of accressibility to open areas

Turyzm ◽

10.1515/tour-2017-0016 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 83-88

Author(s):

Marcin Pasek ◽

Jacek Olszewski

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Natural Environment ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Physical Activities ◽

Open Area ◽

Physically Active ◽

Study Results ◽

Physical Recreation ◽

The Relationship

The aim of the article is to present the factors which affect the choice of place of recreation, as well as indicate the preferred forms of physical activity taken up there. The authors also discussed the relationship between distance from open areas and frequency of visits. Moreover, they evaluated current knowledge about the role of the natural environment as a physical recreation space. The research was conducted among a group of 305 physically active individuals (students of the Academy of Physical Education and Sport in Gdańsk), using questionnaires. The respondents defined the role of location in comparison to other motivational factors for a range of physical activities (recreation). They also spoke about their preferred forms of physical activity in the natural environment, compared to the roles of natural and human environments with regard to physical activity. They also provided an answer to the question whether an open area which does not provide respondents with an opportunity to undertake their favoured recreation would remain of interest. The study results demonstrate the unquestionable importance of having access to attractive natural surroundings with respect to physical activity. This allows a relation to be made between leisure in the natural environment and an improvement in the health of the physically active.

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Role of leaders in building organizational readiness to change – case study at public health centers in Indonesia

Problems and Perspectives in Management ◽

10.21511/ppm.18(3).2020.01 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Ratna Dwi Wulandari ◽

Stefanus Supriyanto ◽

Mochammad Bagus Qomaruddin ◽

Nyoman Anita Damayanti ◽

Agung Dwi Laksono

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Readiness To Change ◽

Organizational Readiness ◽

Health Centers ◽

Successful Implementation ◽

Research Technology ◽

Study Results ◽

Strategic Role ◽

Organizational Readiness To Change

Leaders play a strategic role in the process of organizational change. Various studies were conducted to show the role of leaders in succeeding change. One famous concept of leaders’ role was the Mintzberg managerial role, which divides the role of the leader into three main roles: interpersonal, informational, and decisional. This research was conducted to explore the leaders’ role in creating organizational readiness to change. The study was conducted at 40 government-owned public health centers in Indonesia, involving 190 midwives as respondents. The study results show that all three leader’s roles were well implemented by the head of the public health center with the best score in the informational role. However, organizational readiness to change at public health centers is not on the same level. The linear regression test indicates that the decisional role has the largest contribution in building the organizational readiness to change. The successfully implemented role of entrepreneurs, disturbance handlers, resource allocators, and negotiators was the key to the successful implementation of changes. Therefore, the advice given was the need for leaders to improve their decision abilities so that the organizational readiness to change becomes better. Acknowledgment The researcher thanked the Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education, Republic of Indonesia, for funding this research.

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Genomic epidemiology of Salmonella enterica circulating in surface waters used in agriculture and aquaculture in central Mexico

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.02149-21 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

N. E. Ballesteros-Nova ◽

S. Sánchez ◽

J. L. Steffani ◽

L. C. Sierra ◽

Z. Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

North America ◽

Surface Waters ◽

Salmonella Enterica ◽

Food Production ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Comparative Genomic ◽

Central Mexico ◽

Clinical Cases

Salmonella enterica (SE) can survive in surface waters (SuWa) and the role of non-host environments in its transmission has acquired increasing relevance. In this study, we conducted comparative genomic analyses of 172 SE isolates collected from SuWa across three months in six states of central Mexico during 2019. SE transmission dynamics were assessed using 87 experimental and 112 public isolates from Mexico collected during 2002-2019. We also studied genetic relatedness between SuWa isolates and human clinical strains collected in North America during 2005-2020. Among experimental isolates, we identified 41 SE serovars and 56 multi-locus sequence types (ST). Predominant serovars were Senftenberg (n=13), Meleagridis, Agona, and Newport (n=12 each), Give (n=10), Anatum (n=8), Adelaide (n=7), and Infantis, Mbandaka, Ohio and Typhimurium (n=6 each). We observed a high genetic diversity in the sample under study, as well as clonal dissemination of strains across distant regions. Some of these strains are epidemiologically important (ST14, ST45, ST118, ST132, ST198, and ST213), and were genotypically close to those involved in clinical cases in North America. Transmission network analysis suggests that SuWa are a relevant source of SE (0.7 source/hub ratio) and contributes to its dissemination as isolates from varied sources and clinical cases have SuWa isolates as common ancestors. Overall, the study shows SuWa act as reservoir of various SE serovars of public health significance. Further research is needed to better understand the mechanisms involved in SuWa contamination by SE, as well as develop interventions to contain its dissemination to food production settings. Study importance Surface waters are heavily used in food production worldwide. Several human pathogens can survive in these waters for long periods and disseminate to food production environments, contaminating our food supply. One of these pathogens is Salmonella enterica , a leading cause of foodborne infections, hospitalizations and deaths in many countries. This research demonstrates the role of surface waters as a vehicle for the transmission of Salmonella along food production chains. It also shows some strains circulating in surface waters are very similar to those implicated in human infections and harbor genes that confer resistance to multiple antibiotics, posing a risk to public health. The study contributes to expand our current knowledge on the ecology and epidemiology of Salmonella in surface waters.

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Current Understanding of the Innate Control of Toll-Like Receptors in Response to SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v13112132 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (11) ◽

pp. 2132

Author(s):

Hi Eun Jung ◽

Heung Kyu Lee

Keyword(s):

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Current Understanding ◽

Pivotal Role ◽

Toll Like Receptors ◽

Potential Effectiveness ◽

Inflammatory Drugs ◽

Entire World

The global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, threatens the entire world. It has affected every aspect of life and increased the burden on both healthcare and socioeconomic systems. Current studies have revealed that excessive inflammatory immune responses are responsible for the severity of COVID-19, which suggests that anti-inflammatory drugs may be promising therapeutic treatments. However, there are currently a limited number of approved therapeutics for COVID-19. Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which recognize microbial components derived from invading pathogens, are involved in both the initiation of innate responses against SARS-CoV-2 infection and the hyperinflammatory phenotype of COVID-19. In this review, we provide current knowledge on the pivotal role of TLRs in immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 infection and demonstrate the potential effectiveness of TLR-targeting drugs on the control of hyperinflammation in patients with COVID-19.

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Prognostic value of NT-proBNP in patients with severe COVID-19

10.1101/2020.03.07.20031575 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Lei Gao ◽

Dan Jiang ◽

Xue-song Wen ◽

Xiao-cheng Cheng ◽

Min Sun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽

Natriuretic Peptide ◽

Prognostic Value ◽

Independent Risk Factor ◽

Cardiac Injury ◽

Public Health Emergency ◽

Hospital Death ◽

Study Results

AbstractThe outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in China has been declared a public health emergency of international concern. The cardiac injury was dominate in the process. However, whether N terminal pro B type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) predicted outcome of COVID-19 patients was unknown. The study initially enrolled 102 patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia from a continuous sample. After screening out the ineligible cases, 54 patients were analyzed in this study. Results found that patients with higher NT-proBNP (above 88.64 pg/mL) level had more risks of in-hospital death. After adjusting for potential cofounders in separate modes, NT-proBNP presented as an independent risk factor of in-hospital death in patients with severe COVID-19.

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Role of Flavonoids in the Interactions among Obesity, Inflammation, and Autophagy

Pharmaceuticals ◽

10.3390/ph13110342 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (11) ◽

pp. 342

Author(s):

María García-Barrado ◽

María Iglesias-Osma ◽

Elena Pérez-García ◽

Sixto Carrero ◽

Enrique Blanco ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Bariatric Surgery ◽

Essential Role ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Autophagic Flux ◽

Obese Patients ◽

Lifestyle Modifications ◽

Inflammatory Signaling

Nowadays, obesity is considered as one of the main concerns for public health worldwide, since it encompasses up to 39% of overweight and 13% obese (WHO) adults. It develops because of the imbalance in the energy intake/expenditure ratio, which leads to excess nutrients and results in dysfunction of adipose tissue. The hypertrophy of adipocytes and the nutrients excess trigger the induction of inflammatory signaling through various pathways, among others, an increase in the expression of pro-inflammatory adipocytokines, and stress of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). A better understanding of obesity and preventing its complications are beneficial for obese patients on two facets: treating obesity, and treating and preventing the pathologies associated with it. Hitherto, therapeutic itineraries in most cases are based on lifestyle modifications, bariatric surgery, and pharmacotherapy despite none of them have achieved optimal results. Therefore, diet can play an important role in the prevention of adiposity, as well as the associated disorders. Recent results have shown that flavonoids intake have an essential role in protecting against oxidative damage phenomena, and presents biochemical and pharmacological functions beneficial to human health. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the anti-inflammatory actions and autophagic flux of natural flavonoids, and their molecular mechanisms for preventing and/or treating obesity.

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The phylodynamics of SARS-CoV-2 during 2020 in Finland — Disappearance and re-emergence of introduced strains.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-753457/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Phuoc Truong Nguyen ◽

Ravi Kant ◽

Frederik Van den Broeck ◽

Maija T. Suvanto ◽

Hussein Alburkat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Early Intervention ◽

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽

European Countries ◽

Rapid Turnover ◽

Health Measures ◽

Early Stages ◽

Low Incidence ◽

Transboundary Movements

Abstract Finland has had a low incidence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) infections as compared to most European countries. Here we report the origins and turnover of SARS-CoV-2 lineages circulating in Finland in 2020. SARS-CoV-2 introduced to Finland in January 2020 and spread rapidly across southern Finland during spring. We observed rapid turnover among Finnish lineages during this period. Clade 20C became the most prevalent among sequenced cases and was replaced by other strains in fall 2020. Bayesian phylogeographic reconstructions suggested 42 independent introductions into Finland during spring 2020, mainly from Italy, Austria, and Spain, which might have been the source for a third of cases. The investigations of the original introductions of SARS-CoV-2 to Finland during the early stages of the pandemic and of the subsequent lineage dynamics could be utilized to assess the role of transboundary movements and effects of early intervention and public health measures.

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