scholarly journals The Effects of Age at Weaning and Length of Lipid Supplementation on Growth, Metabolites, and Marbling of Young Steers

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1819
Author(s):  
Jessie E. Tipton ◽  
Linda K. Lewis ◽  
Ralph E. Ricks ◽  
Sebastian Maresca ◽  
Sebastian Lopez Valiente ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Weaning Age ◽  
Lipid Supplementation ◽  
Marbling Deposition ◽  
The Right ◽  
Intramuscular Adipocyte

The objective of this study was to determine how weaning age, days on supplements, and lipid supplementation affected the growth and marbling deposition of steers. Steers from a single sire were early weaned (n = 24) at 150 ± 11 days of age or traditionally weaned (n = 24) at 210 ± 11 days of age. Steers were assigned to control (n = 12/weaning group) or an isocaloric, isonitrogenous rumen by-pass lipid (RBL, n = 12/weaning group) for either 45 (n = 6/treatment) or 90 (n=6/treatment) days then harvested. Steer body weight (BW) was recorded on days −14 and −7, then BW and blood samples were collected on days 0, 22, 45, 66, and 90. The right rib section of each animal was collected for proximate analysis. Longissimus dorsi from RBL steers had increased lipids compared with control steers (3.6 ± 0.2 vs. 2.4 ± 0.2% on a wet basis; p < 0.0001). Steers fed for 90 days had greater (p = 0.02) concentrations of Longissimus dorsi lipid (3.3 ± 0.2%) than those fed for 45 days (2.7 ± 0.2%). There was a weaning age by treatment by days on feed interaction for intramuscular adipocyte diameter (p = 0.02) in which early weaned RBL fed for 90 days steers had an increased adipocyte diameter compared to the early weaned control fed for 90 and early weaned fed for 45 days steers with all other treatment groups as intermediates. Supplementation of RBL increased concentrations of C18:2, C20:4, and total fatty acids on days 45 and 90 (p ≤ 0.05). Data show that RBL supplementation increased the marbling content of the Longissimus dorsi. Furthermore, a longer period of supplementation resulted in increased adipose diameter.

scholarly journals Water-holding capacity, colour stability and sensory characteristics in meat (M. longissimus dorsi) from reindeer fed two different commercial feeds

Rangifer ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Wiklund ◽  
Lisbeth Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Evaluation ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Colour Stability ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Meat Colour ◽  
Meat Samples ◽  
The Right ◽  
Storage Times ◽  
Water Holding

Twenty reindeer calves (age 10 months) were included in the study. They were all fed one of two different pelleted feed mixtures ad libitum for two months before slaughter. Ten calves were fed a control diet of conventional pellets (CPD) (Renfor Bas, Lantmännen, Holmsund, Sweden) and ten calves received pellets enriched with linseed cake (LPD). The reindeer were slaughtered according to standard procedure at Arvidsjaur Renslakt AB, a reindeer slaughter plant in Arvidsjaur, Sweden. At 1 day post mortem, both longissimus dorsi (LD) muscles from each carcass were excised. The left LD was used for sensory evaluation and the right LD for colour and water-holding capacity measurements. The right LD was cut in 4 pieces that were randomly allocated to storage times of 1 day, 1, 2, or 3 weeks at + 4 °C. Samples allocated for storage were vacuum packaged. Evaluation of meat colour was carried out after each of the four storage times while drip loss/purge was registered after 1, 2, and 3 weeks storage at + 4 °C. The left LD muscles were vacuum packaged, frozen at -20 °C and kept frozen until preparation for sensory evaluation. No significant differences were found in carcass quality (carcass weight, EUROP carcass conformation and fat scores), meat colour stability and water-holding capacity of LD samples when comparing the two treatment groups LPD and CPD. However, sensory panellists judged samples from LPD fed reindeer to have a tendency (not significant) to be more tender (P= 0.06) and juicy (P=0.07) than the meat samples from CPD fed reindeer. No flavour differences were found when comparing meat samples from the two treatment groups.

Serotonin stimulates GH secretion through a direct pituitary action: studies in hypophysectomized autografted animals and in perifused pituitaries

1986 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. López ◽  
D. Gónzalez ◽  
E. Aguilar
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Kidney Capsule ◽  
Gh Secretion ◽  
Significant Release ◽  
The Right ◽  
Dose Dependent

Abstract. To analyze a possible direct action of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) at pituitary level in GH secretion, two experimental models were used: hypophysectomized autografted rats and perifused pituitaries. Adult male rats were hypophysectomized and their own pituitaries placed under the right kidney capsule. Ten days later an intra-atrial cannula was inserted. The next day, blood samples were obtained before and every 10 min during a 2 h period after the injection of saline or 5-hydroxytryptamin (1 or 2 mg/kg iv). Plasma volume was replaced with saline. Both doses of 5-hydroxytryptamine elicit a strong release of GH, the effect being dose-dependent. In pituitaries perifused with 5-hydroxytryptamine (100 μm during 115 min or 1, 10 and 100 μm during 15 min), a significant release of GH was also observed. These results suggested that 5-hydroxytryptamine may stimulate GH secretion through a direct pituitary action.

Prediction of Fatty Acid Content in Beef Neck Lean by near Infrared Reflectance Analysis

1998 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 229-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
William R. Windham ◽  
W.H. Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy in the prediction of individual and total fatty acids of bovine M. Longissimus dorsi neck muscles has been studied. Beef neck lean was collected from meat processing establishments using advanced meat recovery systems and hand-deboning. Samples ( n = 302) were analysed to determine fatty acid (FA) composition and scanned from 400 to 2498 nm. Total saturated and unsaturated FA values ranged from 43.2 to 62.0% and 38.3 to 56.2%, respectively. Results of partial least squares (PLS) modeling shown reasonably accurate models were attained for total saturate content [standard error of performance ( SEP = 1.10%); coefficient of determination on the validation set ( r2 = 0.77)], palmitic ( SEP = 0.94%; r2 = 0.69), unsaturate ( SEP = 1.13%; r2 = 0.77), and oleic ( SEP = 0.97; r2 = 0.78). Prediction of other individual saturated and unsaturated FAs was less accurate with an r2 range of 0.10 to 0.53. However, the sum of individual predicted saturated and unsaturated FA was acceptable compared with the reference method ( SEP = 1.10 and 1.12%, respectively). This study shows that NIR can be used to predict accurately total fatty acids in M. Longissimus dorsi muscle.

scholarly journals Effects of decreased estradiol-17β on the serum and anterior pituitary IGF-I system in pigs

2005 ◽  
Vol 187 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
C K Hilleson-Gayne ◽  
J A Clapper
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Percentage Increase ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Igf System ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Igf Binding ◽  
Igf Binding Protein ◽  
Estradiol 17Β

To further delineate the role of estradiol in the IGF system an experiment was conducted to determine the dosage of the aromatase inhibitor, anastrozole, needed to decreases serum concentrations of estradiol-17β (E2) in maturing boars. A second experiment was conducted to determine if administration of anastrozole to growing boars decreased serum concentrations of E2 and affected components of the serum and anterior pituitary gland (AP) IGF system vs untreated boars and barrows. In Experiment 1, 12 crossbred boars (292 days, 158 kg) were administered either 0, 1 or 10 mg/day anastrozole (n=4/group) beginning on day 1. Blood samples were collected every 7–14 days. Mean serum concentrations of E2 were decreased (P < 0·05) in the 10 mg group vs the 0 and 1 mg groups by day 36; however, no difference (P > 0·05) existed between the 0 and 1 mg groups. In Experiment 2, 24 crossbred boars and 12 barrows (101 days, 44 kg) were stratified by litter to one of three treatment groups (n=12): boars administered 10 mg/day anastrozole, boars administered 0 mg/day, and barrows administered 0 mg/day. Blood samples were collected and pigs were weighed on day 0 and every 14 days thereafter, then killed on day 84 when blood and APs were collected. The 10 mg/day pigs were fed the anastrozole-amended diet beginning on day 1. Mean serum concentrations of E2 did not differ (P > 0·05) between the 10 mg/day pigs and 0 mg/day pigs on day 0; however, on day 15 through to 84 mean serum concentrations of E2 were greater (P < 0·05) in 0 mg/day pigs than in the 10 mg/day pigs. Mean percentage increase in serum concentrations of IGF-I was greater (P < 0·05) in untreated boars than anastrozole-treated boars and barrows from day 58 through to 84. Mean percentage of basal IGF-I increased (P < 0·05) from day 29 through to 84 in untreated boars. Mean relative amounts of AP IGF-binding protein (IGFBP)-2 and -5 were less (P < 0·01) in 10 mg/day pigs than in the 0 mg/day pigs, but each was greater (P < 0·01) than in barrows administered 0 mg/day. These results indicate anastrozole administered at a dosage of 10 mg/day suppresses serum concentrations of E2 in pigs. Administration of anastrozole to boars reduced the percentage increase in serum concentrations of IGF-I and relative amounts of AP IGFBP-2 and -5. These data further support a role for E2 in regulating components of the IGF system in pigs.

scholarly journals Wheat flour as dietary fiber on fresh and preserved beef meatballs

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-43
Author(s):  
SI Jamaly ◽  
MA Hashem ◽  
S Akhter ◽  
MA Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Cooking Loss ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Overall Acceptability ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Tbars Values ◽  
Sensory Tests

Effects of different levels of wheat flour as dietary fiber on the quality of fresh and preserved beef meatballs during storage were explored in this study. Ground beef (Batter) samples were divided into four treatment groups and treated with different level of wheat flour as T1 (control, 0%), T2 (5%), T3 (10%) and T4 (15%). Proximate analysis (dry matter, ash, ether extract and crude fat), sensory tests (color, flavor, tenderness, juiciness, overall acceptability), biochemical analysis (free fatty acids, Thiobarbutiric acid values and peroxide value) and microbiological examination were carried out as responses at the interval of 0, 30 and 60 days during storage at -200C. The experimental design was a 4 × 3 factorial in Completely Randomized Design replicated three times per cell. DM content was increased significantly (p<0.05) with the advancement of storage intervals. CP and EE content of all the treatments were decreased significantly (p<0.05) among the different treatment groups. FFA and TBARs values were differed significantly (p<0.05) at different treatment levels. PVs were decreased significantly (p<0.05) at different treatment levels. Color, cooking loss and overall acceptability were differed significantly (p<0.05) at different treatment levels. Raw and cooked pH were increased significantly (p<0.05) at different treatment levels. The juiciness at different treatment levels were decreased significantly(p<0.05).TVC (logCFU/g), TCC (logCFU/g) and TYMC (logCFU/g) were differed significantly (p<0.05) at different treatment levels. In conclusions, meatballs having 5% wheat flour was better in terms of color, odor, tenderness, juiciness and overall acceptability, cooking loss and microbial qualities.Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2017. 46 (1): 35-43

scholarly journals Novel Trends in Electrochemical Biosensors for Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Pavla Valkova ◽  
Miroslav Pohanka
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Electrochemical Biosensors ◽  
Standard Laboratory ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Asymptomatic Phase ◽  
The Right

Background. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a multifactorial progressive and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder affecting mainly the population over 65 years of age. It is becoming a global health and socioeconomic problem, and the current number of patients reaching 30–50 million people will be three times higher over the next thirty years. Objective. Late diagnosis caused by decades of the asymptomatic phase and invasive and cost-demanding diagnosis are problems that make the whole situation worse. Electrochemical biosensors could be the right tool for less invasive and inexpensive early diagnosis helping to reduce spend sources— both money and time. Method. This review is a survey of the latest advances in the design of electrochemical biosensors for the early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease. Biosensors are divided according to target biomarkers. Conclusion. Standard laboratory methodology could be improved by analyzing a combination of currently estimated markers along with neurotransmitters and genetic markers from blood samples, which make the test for AD diagnosis available to the wide public.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Nutrient Composition of Fruits Selected From Different Markets in Lagos, Nigeria Together With Their Heavy Metals Contents

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Trace Metals ◽  
Zinc Content ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Nutrient Composition ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Fruit Samples ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right

Introduction: Fruits are a form of staple food for humans obtained naturally. They contain various quantities of essential nutrients in the right proportion. Intake of fruits in the diet is usually a very heathy lifestyle as fruits prevents disease and keeps us healthy. Ingestion of trace amount of heavy metals through fruits leads to bioaccumulation producing serious health hazards. The aim of the study is to investigate the amount of heavy metals in fruits obtained from different markets in Lagos, Nigeria. Materials and methods: Five trace metals and five toxic metals were analyzed in different fruit samples obtained from Lagos, Nigeria using the atomic absorption Spectrophotometer. Proximate analysis was carried out to determine the nutrient composition of the fruits. Result: The result showed that 80% of the composition of fruits is made of moisture content. The carbohydrate content in fruits is about 10% while crude fibre makes up about 2%. From the analysis of trace metals carried out, paw paw (7.71 mg/kg) had the highest amount of zinc content followed by pineapple (6.60 mg/kg). Iron is high in pears (3.12 mg/kg) and Banana (2.26 mg/kg) while it is lowest in apple (0.59 mg/kg). Copper and Mn ranged from 0.40 t0 2.20 mg/kg. Analysis of the toxic heavy metals showed that lead ranged from 0.0 mg/kg to 0.12 mg/kg in carrot. This is high. Cd range from 0.0 in orange to 0.14mg/kg in apples. Cr ranged from 0.01mg/kg in healthyto 0.07mg/kg in orange. Nickel is highest in banana (9.21mg/kg) and lowest in water melon (0.37mk/kg). Conclusion: Bioaccumulation of these heavy metals over time can be hazardous to health. It is better for the government to check the sources of these heavy metals and remediate them so as to prevent the exposure of the populace to diseases.

Junior Doctor (Core Medical Training), 3 years’ experience, UK

2020 ◽  
pp. 91-93
Author(s):  
Markus Reuber ◽  
Gregg H. Rawlings ◽  
Steven C. Schachter
Keyword(s):  
Junior Doctor ◽  
Medical Training ◽  
Working Life ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Intravenous Access ◽  
Epileptic Attack ◽  
The Right

This chapter suggests that the best way to learn that someone in the hospital is having or has had a non-epileptic attack is to have a visitor or patient point it out, someone who does not know enough about the condition to hold biases against it, who does not have expectations of what the “right” response should look like. If the author hears about an attack in this way, the author gets that rarest thing in a junior doctor’s working life: freedom. Freedom not to shout for help or pull the emergency buzzer. Freedom not to pin the person down, to fight for blood samples or intravenous access. Most importantly, freedom to do what is necessary to be reassured that the author is watching a non-epileptic attack and to reassure the patient that he or she is safe.

Effects of prior adrenalectomy on postpneumonectomy lung growth in the rat

1985 ◽  
Vol 248 (1) ◽  
pp. E70-E74 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Bennett ◽  
P. C. Colony ◽  
J. L. Addison ◽  
D. E. Rannels
Keyword(s):  
Dry Mass ◽  
Hydrocortisone Acetate ◽  
Lung Growth ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Compensatory Lung Growth ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Total Dna ◽  
Glucocorticoid Replacement Therapy ◽  
The Right

The effects of adrenalectomy, with and without subsequent glucocorticoid replacement therapy, on postpneumonectomy compensatory lung growth in the rat were investigated. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (200-230 g) were subjected to no operation (UNOP), left pneumonectomy (PNX), or PNX preceded by bilateral adrenalectomy 5 days earlier (ADX/PNX). At 14 days post-PNX, when compensatory lung growth is normally complete in 200-g rats, right lung (RL) dry weights of PNX (263 +/- 6 mg, n = 26) and ADX/PNX (334 +/- 13 mg, n = 25) rats were increased 58 and 101%, respectively, relative to UNOP controls (166 +/- 5 mg, n = 10). Increases in total DNA, RNA, and protein in the right lungs of PNX and ADX/PNX rats occurred in proportion to RL dry mass. The increase in all parameters examined in PNX and ADX/PNX rats at 7 days post-PNX was half that at 14 days, indicating linear lung growth in both treatment groups. The stimulatory effect of ADX on lung growth was blocked by hydrocortisone acetate (HCA), administered intraperitoneally in daily doses of 5 mg/kg, beginning on the day of PNX. The RL dry weights of HCA-treated ADX/PNX rats (241 +/- 7 mg, n = 10) did not differ significantly from the corresponding value in PNX rats (270 +/- 14 mg, n = 7). The lower RL weights in the HCA-treated rats resulted from an inhibition of cell division, as evidenced by the total RL DNA content, which was similar to that in PNX animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Pattern of prolactin secretion and pituitary responsiveness to LRH in pseudopregnant rats maintained in constant light

1982 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R Koiter ◽  
A. A. van der Gugten ◽  
N. Pols-Valkhof ◽  
J. van Eekeren ◽  
G. A. Schuiling
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Prolactin Secretion ◽  
Constant Light ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Lighting Conditions ◽  
Maximal Height ◽  
Netherlands Cancer Institute ◽  
The Right ◽  
Plasma Prl ◽  
Cervical Stimulation

Abstract. Secretion of LH in response to an LRH infusion (104 ng/h during 21 h), secretion of progesterone (P) and 20 α-dihydroprogesterone (DHP), as well as the 24 h rhythm of prolactin (Prl) secretion were investigated in rats rendered persistently oestrous by exposure to constant light and in which subsequently pseudopregnancy (PSP) had been induced by cervical stimulation after induction of ovulation by hCG. Similar persistently oestrous rats, but otherwise untreated, served as controls. LRH was infused through an intra-jugular cannula and blood samples for assay of LH were taken via an intra-carotid cannula. LH responses were judged on the basis of the mean maximal height (MH; ng LH ml plasma) and the rate of decrease or half life (t½ of the plasma LH concentrations after 2 h of LRH infusion. For assay of P and DHP blood samples were taken from the orbitalplexus. In another series of animals blood, for assay of Prl, was sampled every 2 h for 24 h from a cannula with the tip in the right atrium. It was observed that in persistently oestrous rats LH-responses were high (MH = 3326 ± 305) and steep (t½ = 65 ± 10 min). On the day after the night of ovulation (day 0 of PSP) and on days 1, 5 and 9 of PSP the responses were lower (MH between 1315 and 1041) and more blunted (t½ varied between 236 and 142 min), whilst on day 12 of PSP they were again higher (MH = 4416 ± 575) and steeper (t½ = 101 ± 12 min). P and DHP concentrations were low in persistently oestrous rats and high during days 5 and 8 of PSP. On day 12 of PSP P concentrations were low again, while the DHP concentrations had increased further. In persistently oestrous rats the plasma Prl levels were low with incidental elevations (up to 141 ng Prl/ml aAntoni van Leeuwenhoekhuis The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands plasma). During days 8 – 9 of PSP Prl was secreted at irregular intervals (1 to 3 peaks/24 h) with peak levels of up to 400 ng Prl/ml plasma. On days 11 – 12 of PSP, Prl peaks were lacking almost completely: only a few minor elevations (up to 41 ng Prl/ml plasma) were measured. It is concluded that during days 0 to 10 of pseudopregnancy under constant light the endocrine state of the animals (in terms of LRH-responsiveness and P and DHP secretion) differs significantly form that during the previous and the following days. As similar changes are observed in PSP rats maintained under standard lighting conditions, it is apparent that the lighting conditions do not influence these changes. The pattern of Prl secretion during PSP, on the other hand is affected by the lighting conditions.

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