scholarly journals Paratuberculosis in Captive Scimitar-Horned Oryxes (Oryx dammah)

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1949
Author(s):  
Claudio Pigoli ◽  
Chiara Garbarino ◽  
Matteo Ricchi ◽  
Eleonora Bonacina ◽  
Lucia Gibelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Isolate ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Fresh Tissue ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
East European ◽  
Zoological Parks ◽  
Negative Case ◽  
Type C ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subsp Paratuberculosis ◽  
Zoological Park

Paratuberculosis, a chronic disease caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), in ten scimitar-horned oryxes (SHOs) hosted in an Italian zoological park and originating from a Slovakian flock, was documented by pathology, molecular, cultural, and serological testing. The infection origin in this threatened species was also investigated by genomic analyses. Following the death of six of the 10 SHOs, serial investigations of dead and alive animals were performed. Necropsy, carried out on five out of six animals, identified intestinal thickening and mesenteric lymphadenomegaly in one of the animals. Histopathology (5/6) revealed lepromatous (2/5) and tuberculoid (2/5) intestinal forms or lack of lesions (1/5). Ziehl-Neelsen and immunohistochemistry stains identified two multibacillary, two paucibacillary forms, and one negative case. MAP was identified by quantitative PCR (qPCR) in tissue samples in five out of five SHOs and was microbiologically isolated from two of the three animals whose fresh tissue samples were available. Fecal samples were collected in four of the six dead animals: all four resulted positive to qPCR and in MAP was isolated in three. ELISA identified MAP-specific antibodies in three of the five dead animals whose serum was available. qPCR identified MAP in the freshly deposited feces of two out of the four alive animals. From the feces of these two animals, MAP was microbiologically isolated in one case. All isolates were classified as MAP type C and profiled as INMV2 and MVS27 by molecular analysis. Genomic analysis of a field isolate revealed clusterization with a European clade but was more similar to Italian than East European isolates. Our findings underline that paratuberculosis should always be considered in zoological parks in which endangered species are hosted. Infection can be subclinical, and multiple combined testing techniques may be necessary.

Validation of proton stopping power ratio estimation based on dual energy CT using fresh tissue samples

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 015012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicki T Taasti ◽  
Gregory J Michalak ◽  
David C Hansen ◽  
Amanda J Deisher ◽  
Jon J Kruse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dual Energy ◽  
Stopping Power ◽  
Dual Energy Ct ◽  
Power Ratio ◽  
Ratio Estimation ◽  
Fresh Tissue ◽  
Tissue Samples

scholarly journals Attempted Control of Paratuberculosis in Dairy Calves by Only Changing the Quality of Milk Fed to Calves

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2569
Author(s):  
Pamela Steuer ◽  
Carlos Tejeda ◽  
Manuel Moroni ◽  
Cristobal Verdugo ◽  
Michael Thomas Collins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Copper Ion ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Infection Transmission ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Infected Adult ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subsp Paratuberculosis ◽  
One Year

One of the important routes of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) transmission in dairy calves is milk. The aim of the present study was to assess the efficacy of milk treatments to prevent MAP infection transmission to calves. A one-year longitudinal study was carried out. Newborn calves were assigned to one of four experimental groups: 5 calves received naturally MAP-contaminated milk, 5 calves received copper treated milk, 4 calves were fed calf milk replacer, and 3 were fed UHT pasteurized milk. MAP load in milk was estimated. Infection progression was monitored monthly. After one year, calves were euthanized, and tissue samples were cultured and visually examined. MAP was undetectable in milk replacer and UHT milk. Copper ion treatment significantly reduced the number of viable MAP in naturally contaminated milk. Fecal shedding of MAP was observed in all study groups but began earlier in calves fed naturally contaminated milk. Paratuberculosis control programs must place multiple hurdles between the infection source, MAP-infected adult cows, and the most susceptible animals on the farm, young calves. As our study shows, strict dependence on a single intervention to block infection transmission, no matter how important, fails to control this insidious infection on dairy farms.

scholarly journals Dichromatobolus, a new genus of spirobolidan millipedes from Madagascar (Spirobolida, Pachybolidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 720 ◽  
pp. 107-120
Author(s):  
Thomas Wesener
Keyword(s):  
New Genus ◽  
Color Pattern ◽  
The Body ◽  
Scanning Electron Micrographs ◽  
Fresh Tissue ◽  
Pet Trade ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Molecular Barcoding ◽  
Line Drawings ◽  
Loose Soil

A new genus, Dichromatobolus gen. nov., belonging to the genus-rich mainly southern hemisphere family Pachybolidae of the order Spirobolida, is described based on D. elephantulus gen. et sp. nov., illustrated with color pictures, line drawings, and scanning electron micrographs. The species is recorded from the spiny bush of southwestern Madagascar. Dichromatobolus elephantulus gen. et sp. nov. shows an unusual color pattern, sexual dichromatism with males being red with black legs and females being grey. Males seem to be more surface active, as mainly males were collected with pitfall traps. Females mainly come from the pet trade. The body of this species is short and very wide, being only 8 times longer than wide in the males. Live observations show the species is a very slow mover, digging in loose soil almost as fast as walking on the surface. The posterior gonopods of Dichromatobolus gen. nov. are unusually simple and well-rounded, displaying some similarities to the genera Corallobolus Wesener, 2009 and Granitobolus Wesener, 2009, from which the new genus differs in numerous other characters, e.g., size, anterior gonopods and habitus. Despite several attempts with fresh tissue samples and different primers, molecular barcoding did not work for Dichromatobolus gen. nov. Any relationships to the other 15 genera of Pachybolidae indigenous to Madagascar remain unknown.

scholarly journals A retrospective study of the neuropathology and diagnosis of naturally occurring feline infectious peritonitis

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 392-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel R. Rissi
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Foramen Magnum ◽  
Antibody Testing ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Fresh Tissue ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Feline Infectious Peritonitis ◽  
Multiple Organs ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Feline Coronavirus

Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is one of the most important viral diseases of cats worldwide. Our study describes the neuropathology and the diagnostic features of 26 cases of FIP in domestic cats. The average age of affected individuals was 11.8 mo, and there was no sex or breed predisposition. Clinical neurologic signs were noted in 22 cases, and rabies was clinically suspected in 11 cases. Twenty cats had lesions in multiple organs, and 6 cats had lesions only in the brain. Gross neuropathologic changes occurred in 15 cases and consisted of hydrocephalus (10 cases), cerebellar herniation through the foramen magnum (6 cases), cerebral swelling with flattening of gyri (2 cases), and accumulation of fibrin within ventricles (2 cases) or leptomeninges (1 case). Histologically, 3 main distinct distributions of neuropathologic changes were observed, namely periventricular encephalitis (12 cases), rhombencephalitis (8 cases), and diffuse leptomeningitis with superficial encephalitis (6 cases). Fresh tissue samples were submitted for fluorescent antibody testing (FAT) after autopsy in 17 cases, and positive results were found in only 7 cases. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for feline coronavirus confirmed the diagnosis in all 26 cases. IHC appears to be a more sensitive and reliable test for confirmation of FIP than is FAT.

scholarly journals Function of Cryopreserved Cat Ovarian Tissue after Autotransplantation

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janice M. V. Vilela ◽  
Ellen C. R. Leonel ◽  
Liudimila P. Gonçalves ◽  
Raísa E. G. Paiva ◽  
Rodrigo S. Amaral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Fibrous Tissue ◽  
Ovarian Tissue Cryopreservation ◽  
Post Transplantation ◽  
Fresh Tissue ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Antral Follicles ◽  
Ovarian Cortex ◽  
Tissue Cryopreservation

The aim of this study was to assess a slow-freezing protocol of cat ovarian tissue cryopreservation using autotransplantation. Four adult queens were ovariohysterectomized and the ovaries were fragmented and cryopreserved. After one week, the grafts were thawed and autografted to the subcutaneous tissue of the dorsal neck of each queen, then randomly removed after 7, 14, 28, 49, and 63 days after transplantation. Percentages of morphologically normal primordial and growing follicles (MNFs) were 88% and 97%, respectively, in fresh tissue samples (fresh controls), and 74% and 100%, respectively, immediately after thawing (cryo D0). No MNFs were found after 49 days of transplantation. In both fresh control and cryo D0 fragments, granulosa cells were frequently in proliferation. Two morphologically normal antral follicles were detected in one queen on Day 28 post-transplantation. Connective tissue fibers increased, suggesting replacement of active ovarian cortex by fibrous tissue. Tissue vascularization was observed at 7 days after grafting, and wide blood vessels were clearly visible on Days 49 and 63. In conclusion, although follicular survival was low after cryopreservation and grafting of cat ovarian tissue, follicles were able to develop up to the antral stage, which is an encouraging outcome.

DNA content in human colon cancer and non-neoplastic adjacent mucosa

1995 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Saccani Jotti ◽  
M. Fontanesi ◽  
N. Orsi ◽  
L. Sarli ◽  
N. Pietra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Human Colon ◽  
Human Colon Cancer ◽  
Fresh Tissue ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Adjacent Mucosa ◽  
Aneuploid Tumor ◽  
The Relationship

DNA content was determined by flow cytometry in a series of 51 paired fresh tissue samples of primary colorectal carcinomas and the respective non-neoplastic adjacent mucosa in order to assess the relationship between DNA ploidy and the most commonly used prognostic factors. Aneuploidy was observed in 70.6% of the tumors and more than one aneuploid peak was present in 3.9%. Aneuploid tumor frequency was higher in left (93.3%) and right colon (64.7%) cancers than in rectal carcinomas (60.0%), and multiple aneuploid clones were detected more frequently in men than in women and in patients with advanced disease (Dukes stage D). Non-neoplastic mucosa adjacent to aneuploid tumors showed aneuploidy in 4 out of 51 samples (7.8%). The mucosa adjacent to diploid cancers had only diploid characteristics. Polidy did not correlate with histological abnormalities. These findings suggest that DNA content as determined by flow cytometry needs further study with adequate follow-up to evaluate possible correlations with relapse-free and overall survival. Furthermore the aneuploidy of non-neoplastic mucosa provides evidence for a field defect in mucosa adjacent to colorectal cancer and supports the concept that this alteration may be of influence on carcinogenesis.

scholarly journals Elucidating Transmission Patterns of Endemic Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis Using Molecular Epidemiology

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Mitchell ◽  
Annabelle Beaver ◽  
Elena Knupfer ◽  
Abani Pradhan ◽  
Terry Fyock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subsp ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Infection Dynamics ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subsp Paratuberculosis ◽  
A Minor

Mycobacterial diseases are persistent and characterized by lengthy latent periods. Thus, epidemiological models require careful delineation of transmission routes. Understanding transmission routes will improve the quality and success of control programs. We aimed to study the infection dynamics of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), the causal agent of ruminant Johne’s disease, and to distinguish within-host mutation from individual transmission events in a longitudinally MAP-defined dairy herd in upstate New York. To this end, semi-annual fecal samples were obtained from a single dairy herd over the course of seven years, in addition to tissue samples from a selection of culled animals. All samples were cultured for MAP, and multi-locus short-sequence repeat (MLSSR) typing was used to determine MAP SSR types. We concluded from these precise MAP infection data that, when the tissue burden remains low, the majority of MAP infections are not detectable by routine fecal culture but will be identified when tissue culture is performed after slaughter. Additionally, we determined that in this herd vertical infection played only a minor role in MAP transmission. By means of extensive and precise longitudinal data from a single dairy herd, we have come to new insights regarding MAP co-infections and within-host evolution.

Implementation of a high-quality biospecimen program to support molecular medicine.

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (31_suppl) ◽  
pp. 200-200
Author(s):  
Susanne Morrill ◽  
Daniza Mandich ◽  
Richard Cartun ◽  
Andrew L. Salner
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Genomics ◽  
Care Program ◽  
High Volume ◽  
The Cancer Genome Atlas ◽  
Molecular Medicine ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Fresh Tissue ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Tissue Handling

200 Background: The successful implementation of a tumor genomics program relies heavily upon the collection of high quality tumor tissue samples. Although there has been an evolution towards utilizing formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue, many research centers continue to rely upon frozen fresh tissue for these types of analyses. A comprehensive effort is required to supply high-volume and high-quality tissue for research. Most community hospitals, even with superb pathology departments, are not well suited to deliver consistent tissue samples without a concerted programmatic effort. As part of the NCI Community Cancer Centers Program (NCCCP), we undertook the development of such capability at our hospital. In addition, as a member of H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center’s Total Cancer Care program, we received grant funding to help support this comprehensive effort. Our patients and clinicians expressed a strong desire to participate in this type of translational research. This project has been funded in part with federal funds from the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, under Contract No. HHSN261200800001E. Methods: We developed a comprehensive staffing model to implement this program, including a program coordinator, consenters, pathology assistant, lab aide, and data manager. We developed superb relationships with surgeons, interventional radiologists, pathologists and staffs to assure appropriate referrals and processes, and implemented quality checks as a standard. We developed relationships with Moffitt, The Cancer Genome Atlas, and other research efforts, which help provide funding. Results: We successfully implemented a program which resulted in high levels of patient and provider satisfaction, high numbers of fresh frozen and FFPE tissues (nearly 3,000 over 3 years), high quality pass rates, low ischemia time, and high satisfaction on the part of our research partners. We have incorporated best practices in our tissue handling protocols. Conclusions: We successfully implemented a comprehensive cancer genomics bio-specimen program utilizing dedicated staff, working with patients and clinicians closely, and assuring careful coordination of all efforts.

The Angiosarcoma Project: Generating the genomic landscape of a rare cancer through a direct-to-patient initiative.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1519-1519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corrie Painter ◽  
Michael Dunphy ◽  
Elana Anastasio ◽  
Mary McGillicuddy ◽  
Kristin Anderka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Blood Draw ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Reported Data

1519 Background: Angiosarcoma (AS) is a rare soft tissue sarcoma, with an incidence of 300/yr and a 5-year DSS of 30%. The low incidence has impeded large-scale research efforts that may lead to improved clinical outcomes. To address this, we launched a nationwide study, which seeks to empower patients (pts) to accelerate research by sharing their samples and clinical information remotely. Methods: With pts and advocacy groups we developed a website to allow AS pts to participate across the US. Pts are mailed a saliva and blood draw kit for germline and cell free (cf) DNA analysis. We then obtain medical records and stored tumor samples. Whole exome sequencing will be performed on tumor, cfDNA and saliva samples. Transcriptome analysis will be performed on tumor samples. A clinically annotated genomic database will be generated and shared widely to identify genomic drivers and mechanisms of response and resistance to therapies. Study updates will be shared with pts regularly. Results: We conducted a 3-week pilot study to test the feasibility of enrolling geographically dispersed AS pts through a direct-to-patient (DTP) approach. Through social media, we identified 100+ pts willing to participate, 90 within the first day of outreach. We enrolled 15 pts from 10 states to test our ability to remotely obtain pt reported data, online consent, and samples. The average age of pts is 48, ranging 23-71 yrs. Primary locations of AS are breast 6 pts (40%), cardiac 4 pts (27%), scalp 2 pts (13%), liver 1 pt (6%), bladder 1 pt (6%), forehead 1 pt (6%). 9 pts (60%) reported being disease free, 4 pts (27%) reported having AS spread to lung, lymph, bone, and hip. Requests for medical records and tissue samples are underway, and initial saliva samples have been received. We are now opening this study to all AS pts in the USA. Conclusions: A DTP approach enabled rapid identification of an initial cohort of AS pts willing to share tumors, saliva, blood and medical records. We were able to obtain detailed clinical experiences and samples to perform genomic analysis. This study serves as proof of principle that DTP genomics efforts can democratize cancer research for exceedingly rare cancers, which to date have been disproportionately understudied.

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