Accumulation of Toxic Elements in Bone and Bone Marrow of Deer Living in Various Ecosystems. A Case Study of Farmed and Wild-Living Deer

The aim of the study was to determine the concentrations of toxic elements accumulated in the bone marrow and bones (Cervus elaphus). The studies were carried out on two groups of young stags: farmed (n = 6) and wild (n = 9). Their body weights were measured and bone and bone marrow samples were collected. The concentrations of toxic elements were analyzed using the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry technique. The mean aluminum content in the bone marrow and bones of the farmed animals was significantly higher than in the wild group (p < 0.05). The mean concentration of arsenic, barium and lead in the bones of the wild red deer was significantly higher than in the bones of the farmed animals (p < 0.05), while the cadmium concentration in the bones of the farmed red deer exceeded the value determined in the wild animals. A significant difference was found between the mean concentrations of aluminum, arsenic, barium, lead, vanadium and nickel in the bone marrow and bones of both red deer groups (p < 0.05). Although the study involved animals living in an uncontaminated area, the concentrations of some heavy metals were higher than values reported from industrial regions.

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Analysis of 19 Minerals and Cortisol in Red Deer Hair in Two Different Areas of the Stelvio National Park: A Preliminary Study

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani9080492 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 492 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Montillo ◽

Caslini ◽

Peric ◽

Prandi ◽

Netto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cervus Elaphus ◽

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

National Park ◽

Allostatic Load ◽

Red Deer ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Negative Relationship ◽

Inductively Coupled ◽

Preliminary Study ◽

Mineral Concentrations

The aim of the study was to perform an investigation on the concentration of 19 minerals and cortisol in red deer (Cervus elaphus) hair, a matrix that is easy to collect with non-invasive and painless sampling, able to represent an integrative values of long-term substance concentrations, and able to give useful information, also when performed on dead animals, given its extreme stability over time. In the study thirty-five animals were included, coming from two different sides of a valley in the Stelvio National Park, where official water analysis had pointed out elevated concentrations of As in one of the two orographic sides. Hair cortisol concentrations were measured using a RIA(Radio Immuno Assay), while minerals were detected using ICP-MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma- Mass Spectrometry). Results showed a negative relationship between cortisol and some mineral concentrations (Li, Co, As, Cd, Cr and Tl) and significant differences in some mineral concentrations between park areas (Al, Co, Cu, Cd and Ni). As, Cr and cortisol differences approached statistical significance. This preliminary study represents a step forward in the study of wildlife allostatic load and a valid method for applications in wildlife management programs, in environmental studies and in public health programs.

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Nanoparticle Characterisation of Traditional Homeopathically Manufactured Cuprum metallicum and Gelsemium sempervirens Medicines and Controls

Homeopathy ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1666864 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 107 (04) ◽

pp. 244-263 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Martine Goyens ◽

Etienne Capieaux ◽

Philippe Devos ◽

Pierre Dorfman ◽

Michel Van Wassenhoven

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Pure Water ◽

European Pharmacopoeia ◽

Inductively Coupled ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽

The Mean ◽

Gelsemium Sempervirens ◽

Dilution Level

Background Homeopathy is controversial due to its use of very highly diluted medicines (high potencies/dynamisations). Methods We used a multi-technology approach to examine dilutions of two commonly used homeopathic medicines: an insoluble metal, Cuprum metallicum, and a soluble plant tincture, Gelsemium sempervirens, for the presence of nanoparticles (NPs) of original substance. The homeopathic medicines tested were specially prepared, according to the European pharmacopoeia standards. We compared the homeopathic dilutions/dynamisations with simple dilutions and controls. Results Using Mass Spectrometry (Single Particle-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry) and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) we could not find the expected copper in the 4cH potentisation and could not confirm the results previously obtained by Chikramane et al (2010). For Gelsemium medicines, using sensitive chromatography (HPLC-UV) up to a dilution level of 6 dH (3cH = dilution 10e-6), there was no significant difference in alkaloid content between a simple dilution and a homeopathic potency.For higher potentisations, however, NP tracking analysis findings revealed the presence of particles in all samples (except for pure water). The measurements showed large differences in particle quantities, mean particle sizes and standard deviations of the mean sizes between manufacturing lines of different starting material.There was always more material in potentised medicines than in potentised pure water. Gelsemium yielded the largest quantity of material (36 times more than that from copper at the same potentisation, 30 cH). The shapes and the chemical composition of the material are differentiable between different medicines and controls. Conclusion Potentisation influences specifically the nature of NPs detected. This material demonstrates that the step-by-step process (dynamised or not) does not match with the theoretical expectations in a dilution process. The Avogadro/Loschmidt limit is not relevant at all. It was not possible to reproduce the findings of Chikramane et al (2010) using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry with copper. Copper NPs could not be detected at 4cH and above.

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Comparison of the accumulation of macro- and microelements in the bone marrow and bone of wild and farmed red deer (Cervus elaphus)

BMC Veterinary Research ◽

10.1186/s12917-021-03041-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Katarzyna Tajchman ◽

Aleksandra Ukalska-Jaruga ◽

Marek Bogdaszewski ◽

Monika Pecio ◽

Pawel Janiszewski

Keyword(s):

Bone Marrow ◽

Body Weight ◽

Cervus Elaphus ◽

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

The Body ◽

Entire Body ◽

Wild Animals ◽

The Mean ◽

Wild Deer ◽

Mean Concentration

Abstract Background The cells of the entire body, including the skeletal system, especially of young animals, may derive from the bone marrow in which they multiply. Therefore, it is important to assess whether the diet and quality of life of deer have a significant impact on the elemental composition of bone and bone marrow, which can directly affect their health and growth. The aim of this study was to determine the concentrations of macro- (Ca, calcium, P, phosphorus, Mg, magnesium, K, potassium, Na, sodium) and microelements (Li, lithium, Cr, chromium, Mn, manganese, Co, cobalt, Cu, copper, Zn, zinc, Se, selenium, Mo, molybdenum, and Sn, tin) accumulated in the bone marrow and bones of deer (Cervus elaphus). The study was carried out on 15 young stags divided into two groups: farmed and wild animals. The concentrations of macro- and microelements were analysed using the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry technique. This research expands our knowledge on this topic, which so far has not been extensively studied. Results The mean content of K, Na, Zn and Se in the bone marrow of farmed animals was significantly higher than in wild deer, whereas the mean content of Ca, P, Mg, K, Na and Li in the bones was higher in wild animals than in farmed individuals (p < 0.05). In addition, the mean concentration of Cr, Mn, Cu, Se and Mo in the bones of the analysed animals differed significantly (p < 0.05) and was higher in the farmed deer. The mean concentration of Se in the bone marrow of wild deer decreased with the increase of the body weight (p < 0.05). In turn, the mean content of Mn in the bone marrow and of Mo in the bones of the animals was significantly positively correlated with the animals’ body weight (p < 0.05). Conclusions The obtained results indicated different levels of micro- and macro-components in the body of farmed and wild deer, though without clear and strong variations. Generally, the higher level of macronutrients in the bones of wild deer may be related to the higher physiological importance of these minerals for life activities in the natural environment and to the limited supply of balanced food. On the other hand, the higher levels of microelements in the tissues of farmed animals may result from their significantly better nutritional status in the first year of life, achieved through appropriate nutrition as well as diet supplementation of adult females.

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The Interchangeability of Plasma and Whole Blood Metal Ion Measurement in the Monitoring of Metal on Metal Hips

Arthritis ◽

10.1155/2015/216785 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ibrahim A. Malek ◽

Joanne Rogers ◽

Amanda Christina King ◽

Juliet Clutton ◽

Daniel Winson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Whole Blood ◽

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Metal Ion ◽

Blood Concentrations ◽

Inductively Coupled ◽

Paired Samples ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽

The Mean ◽

High Concentrations

One hundred and twenty six paired samples of plasma and whole blood were measured with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry technique for metal ions analysis to determine a relationship between them. There was a significant difference between the mean plasma and whole blood concentrations of both cobalt (Co) and chromium (Cr) (p<0.0001 for both Co and Cr). The mean ratio between plasma and whole blood Cr and Co was 1.56 (range: 0.39–3.85) and 1.54 (range: 0.64–18.26), respectively, but Bland and Altman analysis illustrated that this relationship was not universal throughout the range of concentrations. There was higher variability at high concentrations for both ions. We conclude that both these concentrations should not be used interchangeably and conversion factors are unreliable due to concentration dependent variability.

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Determination of Aluminum, Chromium, and Barium Concentrations in Infant Formula Marketed in Lebanon

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/jfp-20-003 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 83 (10) ◽

pp. 1738-1744 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

JOMANA ELARIDI ◽

HANI DIMASSI ◽

MARIA ESTEPHAN ◽

HUSSEIN F. HASSAN

Keyword(s):

Infant Formula ◽

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Inductively Coupled ◽

Infant Formulae ◽

Frequent Monitoring ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽

Monitoring And Surveillance ◽

The Mean ◽

Available Information

ABSTRACT Infant formula is a major nutritional component for many infants and toddlers. However, the presence of contaminants, such as toxic metals, may pose increased health risks to infants. An investigation of the total concentrations of the metals aluminum (Al), barium (Ba), and chromium (Cr) in infant formulae marketed in Lebanon was performed. Powdered dairy and nondairy infant formula samples were collected from all commercially available brands (n = 39) in the Lebanese market on two production dates (78 samples in total) and analyzed for these three metals with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. All brands contained detectable concentrations of Al and Ba, Cr was detected in 95% of brands. Mean (±standard deviation) concentrations of the metals were estimated as 1.54 ± 1.43 (Al), 0.256 ± 0.593 (Ba), and 0.168 ± 0.143 (Cr) (μg/g). The concentration ranges in the powdered formula were 0.080 to 7.93 (Al), 0.038 to 5.35 (Ba), and 0.041 to 0.348 (Cr) μg/g. A significant difference in the mean concentrations of Al, Ba, and Cr for the two production dates of a single brand was observed in 92, 59, and 83% of samples, respectively. The mean concentration of Al in the soy-based formula was significantly higher than that of aluminum in milk-based and corn-based formulas (P = 0.018). Cr concentrations in the continuation special formulations were significantly higher than those in the beginner formulations (P = 0.008). Our study provides the first publicly available information on metal contamination in infant formulas in Lebanon and reveals the need for frequent monitoring and surveillance of these products intended for infant consumption. HIGHLIGHTS

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Levels of macroelements and toxic elements in herbal teas

Hemijska industrija ◽

10.2298/hemind130424029m ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 69 (2) ◽

pp. 143-153

Author(s):

Zeljko Mihaljev ◽

Zeljko Cupic ◽

Milica Zivkov-Balos ◽

Sandra Jaksic

Keyword(s):

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Toxic Elements ◽

Microwave Digestion ◽

Cadmium Concentration ◽

Maximum Level ◽

Absorption Spectrometry ◽

Inductively Coupled ◽

Three Samples ◽

Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽

Emission Flame

A total of 14 diverse herbal teas were examined, including: yarrow, basil, St.John?s wort, peppermint, horsetail, nettle, thyme, corn silk, hibiscus, marshmallow, chamomile, rosehip, heather and wild mint. The samples were prepared using the method of microwave digestion, and measurements were performed by the use of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (Cd, Hg, Pb, As, Sb); atomic absorption spectrometry (Mg); emission flame photometry (Ca, K, Na) and spectrophotometry (P). Intervals of variation (mg/kg) for macroelements were: Ca (2738-35399); P (1545-6264); Mg (1647-7816); Na (293-10629) and K (9683-33985), and for toxic elements: Cd (0.014-0.645); Hg (<0.001- 0.017); Pb (0.064-1.340); As (0.030-0.544) and Sb (0.004-0.068). In the three samples (yarrow and two St.John?s wort samples) measured cadmium concentration was higher than the maximum level for dried herbs, recommended by WHO. Ward's hierarchical clustering method was performed with the aim of grouping herbal teas by the amount of toxic elements.

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Estimation of Trace Elements in Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Serum-Comparative Study in Healthy and Periodontitis

International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.25258/ijpcr.v9i5.8599 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Bhagavathami Meenaksh ◽

Chitraa R. Chandran ◽

Aravindhan Thathchari Ranganathan ◽

Kavindapadi Venkateswaran Rama ◽

Valarmathy Srinivasan

Keyword(s):

Trace Elements ◽

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽

Serum Zinc ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Serum Copper ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Inductively Coupled ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Copper Zinc

Background: This study aims to determine and compare the levels of trace elements copper, zinc, selenium and chromium in GCF and serum of patients with periodontitis and healthy individuals. Methods: This cross sectional study includes 24 study subjects recruited from the patients reporting to the Department of Periodontics , Tagore Dental College Chennai. All the selected patients were subjected to a clinical examination done by a single examiner. The estimation of trace elements Copper, Zinc, Selenium and Chromium in GCF and serum is performed using Perkin Elmer optima 5300 Inductively Coupled Plasma Emission Spectrometer (ICPOES). Results: GCF and serum copper levels showed no significant difference in both periodontitis and healthy groups . Selenium levels tend to be the same in both groups. Serum zinc levels are more in periodontitis patients than healthy subjects (p less than 0.01). GCF chromium levels are found to be more in patients with periodontitis than healthy. Conclusions : More research is therefore needed to monitor the role of these trace elements C with an increased sample size to ascertain whether they are associated with a reduced risk of periodontitis.

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A Genome Scan for Quantitative Trait Loci in a Wild Population of Red Deer (Cervus elaphus)

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/162.4.1863 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 162 (4) ◽

pp. 1863-1873 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

J Slate ◽

P M Visscher ◽

S MacGregor ◽

D Stevens ◽

M L Tate ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quantitative Trait Loci ◽

Cervus Elaphus ◽

Quantitative Trait ◽

Red Deer ◽

Wild Population ◽

Additive Genetic Variance ◽

Model Organisms ◽

A Genome ◽

Trait Loci ◽

In The Wild

Abstract Recent empirical evidence indicates that although fitness and fitness components tend to have low heritability in natural populations, they may nonetheless have relatively large components of additive genetic variance. The molecular basis of additive genetic variation has been investigated in model organisms but never in the wild. In this article we describe an attempt to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) for birth weight (a trait positively associated with overall fitness) in an unmanipulated, wild population of red deer (Cervus elaphus). Two approaches were used: interval mapping by linear regression within half-sib families and a variance components analysis of a six-generation pedigree of >350 animals. Evidence for segregating QTL was found on three linkage groups, one of which was significant at the genome-wide suggestive linkage threshold. To our knowledge this is the first time that a QTL for any trait has been mapped in a wild mammal population. It is hoped that this study will stimulate further investigations of the genetic architecture of fitness traits in the wild.

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Potentially Toxic Elements (PTEs) in Soils and Bulbs of Elephant Garlic (Allium ampeloprasum L.) Grown in Valdichiana, a Traditional Cultivation Area of Tuscany, Italy

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11157023 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (15) ◽

pp. 7023

Author(s):

Vannini Andrea ◽

Martina Grattacaso ◽

Giulia Canali ◽

Francesco Nannoni ◽

Luigi Antonello Di Lella ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Risk ◽

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Toxic Elements ◽

Daily Intake ◽

Potentially Toxic Elements ◽

Time Data ◽

Allium Ampeloprasum ◽

Inductively Coupled ◽

Risk Indices ◽

High Concentrations

The aim of this study was to provide, for the first time, data on the concentration of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in soils and bulbs of elephant garlic (Allium ampeloprasum L.) cultivated in Valdichiana, a traditional agricultural area of Tuscany, Italy. Bulbs of elephant garlic and soil samples were collected in four cultivation fields and analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to determine the concentrations of As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Sb, Tl, U, V, Zn. The concentrations of these PTEs in bulbs and cultivation soils were used to calculate geochemical, ecological and health risk indices. The results of this study suggest that, although bulbs of elephant garlic from the Valdichiana area may present slightly high concentrations of Cd, Ni and Pb, the associated health risk based on the daily intake is absolutely negligible. Cultivation soils had somewhat high Cu concentrations probably due to the diffuse use of Cu-based products in agriculture, but showed overall a very low ecological risk.

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Toxic Elements in Traditional Kohl-Based Eye Cosmetics in Spanish and German Markets

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18116109 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (11) ◽

pp. 6109

Author(s):

Elisabet Navarro-Tapia ◽

Mariona Serra-Delgado ◽

Lucía Fernández-López ◽

Montserrat Meseguer-Gilabert ◽

María Falcón ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Prior Distribution ◽

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Toxic Elements ◽

Optical Emission ◽

The European Union ◽

Inductively Coupled ◽

Women And Children ◽

Harmful Effects ◽

The Eu

Kohl is a traditional cosmetic widely used in Asia and Africa. In recent years, demand for kohl-based eyelids and lipsticks has increased in Europe, linked to migratory phenomena of populations from these continents. Although the European legislation prohibits the use of heavy metals in cosmetics due to the harmful effects to human health, particularly to pregnant women and children, these elements are still present in certain products. The European Union recommended levels are Pb < 20 ppm, As < 5 ppm, Cd < 5 ppm, Sb < 100 ppm, and Ni < 200 ppm. In Germany, levels are more restrictive: Pb < 2 ppm, As < 0.5 ppm, Cd < 0.1 ppm, Sb < 0.5 ppm, and Ni < 10 ppm. Here, we analyzed 12 kohl-based cosmetics in different presentations (powder, paste, and pencil) that were purchased in Spanish and German local shops. An inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrophotometer was used to identify toxic elements and heavy metals. Levels of Pb ranged between 1.7 and 410,000 ppm in six of the study samples, four of which had levels above the recommended limit of at least two heavy metals. Arsenic (a carcinogenic element) values were within the range allowed by the EU in only 58% of the studied samples. Moreover, two products doubled this limit, reaching levels of 9.2 and 12.6 ppm. In one of the products, cadmium, related to toxic keratitis, was four times higher (20.7 ppm) than that allowed, while in two other products, these limits were doubled (11.8 and 12.7 ppm). Our results indicate the need to supervise the manufacture of kohl-based traditional products and the analysis of their composition prior distribution in European countries.

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