Estimation of the Age and Reproductive Performance of Wild-Born and Escaped Mink (Neovison vison) Caught in the Wild in Denmark

The feral mink population in Denmark consists of two groups of animals: mink born in the wild and mink that have recently escaped from farms. The aims of this study were to: (1) estimate the reproductive performance and mortality of the Danish mink born in the wild (wild-born) and mink escaped from farms (captive-born); (2) discuss the likelihood of a self-sustaining population of wild-born mink in Denmark; and (3) model the relationship between the pulp cavity width and the age of mink. During 2018, 247 wild caught mink were sent for necropsy at the Danish National Veterinary Institute. Based on body length, 112 were determined as captive-born and 96 as wild-born. The mean litter size ± SE of wild-born females was 7.6 ± 0.9 (range: 5–11 kits) and for captive-born females 5.9 ± 0.9 (range: 1–10 kits). The relationship between age (in months) of mink and pulp cavity width was highly significant. Individuals with a pulp cavity width of >35% were younger than one year. Based on fecundity, the turnover of the mink population was estimated to be 66%, and the yearly mortality was estimated at 69%. Hence, the population is slightly declining. In conclusion, a feral reproducing mink population in Denmark persists without a continuous influx of captive-born mink from farms.

Download Full-text

Age and Reproduction of Wild-Born and Escaped Mink (Neovison vison) Caught in Danish Nature

10.20944/preprints202011.0417.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sussie Pagh ◽

Cino Pertoldi ◽

Mariann Chriel ◽

Trine Hammer Jensen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Regression Line ◽

National Veterinary Institute ◽

Pulp Cavity ◽

Tooth Width ◽

In The Wild ◽

Best Fitting ◽

The Mean ◽

One Year ◽

Cavity Width ◽

Veterinary Institute

The feral mink population in Denmark consists of two groups of animals; mink born in the wild and mink that have recently escaped from farms. The aims of this study are; 1) to estimate the reproduction and mortality of wild-born and captive-born mink and 2) to estimate the age of mink based on the width of pulp cavity (% of tooth width) in the canine teeth. During 2018, 247 wild caught mink were sent for necropsy at the Danish National Veterinary Institute. Of these mink, 112 were determined as captive-born and 96 were determined wild-born. The mean litter size ± SE of wild-born females was 7.6 ± 0.9 (range: 5-11 kits) and for captive-born females 5.9 ± 0.9 (range: 1-10 kits). The best fitting regression line for mink age (in months) based on pulp width was y=0.42x2-11.52x+104.7, R² = 0.77, p&lt; 0.0001. Individuals with a pulp cavity width &lt;35% was found to be younger than one year. The turnover of mink caught in nature was estimated to 66% and the yearly mortality to 69%, therefore the population is slightly declining. In conclusion, a feral reproducing mink population in Denmark persists, besides the continues influx of captive-born mink escaped from farms.

Download Full-text

General Biology of Freshwater Prawn, Macrobrachium lamarrei (H. Milne-Edwards) of Biratnagar, Nepal

Our Nature ◽

10.3126/on.v3i1.332 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 31-41 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

A. Sharma ◽

B.R. Subba

Keyword(s):

Body Length ◽

Egg Laying ◽

Freshwater Prawn ◽

Counting Method ◽

General Biology ◽

Larval Stages ◽

Freshwater Ponds ◽

Suitable Temperature ◽

The Mean ◽

The Relationship

Macrobrachium lamarrei (H. Milne-Edward) is commonly known as “kuncho river prawn,” occurring in freshwater ponds and rivers of Biratnagar, Nepal. They are nocturnal species feed voraciously on planktonic organisms, algae, muscles pieces of their own kind or fish etc. M. lamarrei is a medium-sized prawn ranging from 75-80 mm in length rostrum bears 7-9 teeth dorsally and 5-8 ventrally. The estimation of fecundity was done following egg counting method from March, 2004 to February, 2005. The mean fecundity ranged from 82-308 in the prawn having mean body length 57-74 mm and mean bodyweight 0.78-1.62 g. The correlation coefficient (r) of the relationship between body length and fecundity, and body weight and fecundity were 0.201 and 0508 respectively, indicating insignificant relationship. The mean fecundity was found to be 183.55 and mean relative fecundity ranged from 82-221.79. The mature eggs measured 0.54-0.64 mm on its long axis. The suitable temperature recorded during egg laying time was found to be 30±2oC, Do 10 mgl-1 and pH 7.75-8. Marked differences in the morphology and habit of larval stages of prawn ranging from length of body to number of rostral teeth were noted.Key words: Biratnagar, General biology, Macrobrachium lamarrei, Nepaldoi:10.3126/on.v3i1.332Our Nature (2005) 3: 31-41

Download Full-text

Reproduction of White-Spotted Rabbitfish (Siganus canaliculatus Park, 1797) in the Waters of the Buntal Island, Kotania Bay, West Seram-Mollucas

Agrikan Jurnal Agribisnis Perikanan ◽

10.29239/j.agrikan.13.2.470-478 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 470-478

Author(s):

Husain Latuconsina ◽

Rospita Lestaluhu ◽

Risman Rumasoreng

Keyword(s):

Body Length ◽

Sustainable Use ◽

Seagrass Habitat ◽

Siganus Canaliculatus ◽

Ratio Size ◽

Fish Samples ◽

In The Wild ◽

First Maturity ◽

The Relationship ◽

Rabbitfish Siganus Canaliculatus

White-Spotted Rabbitfish (Siganus canaliculatus Park, 1797) are herbivorous fish that are associated with seagrass habitat and are widely distributed in mangrove and coral reef habitats. The waters of the Buntal Island – Kotania Bau have an ecosystem of seagrass medows, mangroves and coral reefs, with the association of S. canaliculatus as one of the target catch of fishermen. The purpose was study to analyze the biological aspects of S. canaliculatus, including: sex ratio, size of first maturity, and fecundity. The research was conducted from October 2015 until January 2016 in the waters of Buntal Island, Kotania Bay. Fish samples were collected from fishermen's catch using bottom gill nets and Set net. Each fish sample was dissected for sex determination and gonad maturity level. The analysis is used to see the relationship between body length and weight and fecundity. The results showed that 167 fish and 149 female fish. The ratio of male and female was balanced, namely 52.85%: 47.15% or 1.1: 1 (X2count 4.13 <X2table 11.34). The size of first maturity of female is 14.98 cm (14.5 - 15.5 cm) smaller than the male 18.9 cm (18.8 - 19.1 cm). The high potential of S. canaliclulatus based on the Fecundity obtained was in the range of 524,000 - 1,286,359 eggs. There is a positive relationship between body length and fecundity, indicating that the value of Fecundity increases with body size. To support its sustainable use in the wild, it is necessary to regulate the size of S. canaliculatus that can be harvest at a body length of > 15 cm TL, to provide opportunities for spawning and support population growth before exploitation, thus supporting responsible and sustainable fisheries.

Download Full-text

Abstract TMP106: Relationship Between Smoking and the Development of Extracranial and Intracranial Arteriosclerotic Stenosis

Stroke ◽

10.1161/str.48.suppl_1.tmp106 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 48 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Ruijun Ji ◽

Yongjun Wang

Keyword(s):

Cigarette Smoking ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Current Smoking ◽

Atherosclerotic Stenosis ◽

Contrast Enhanced ◽

The Mean ◽

One Year ◽

Ischemic Attack ◽

The Relationship

Background and purpose: to investigate the relationship between active cigarette smoking and the occurrence of extracranial (ECAS) and intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS). Methods: We analyzed patients enrolled in the Chinese Intracranial atherosclerosis (CICAS), which was a prospective, multicenter, hospital-based cohort study. Smoking status was classified into never, former and current smoking. ICAS was evaluated with 3-dimentional time-of-flight MRA and ECAS was evaluated with cervical ultrasonography or contrast-enhanced MRA. Multivariable Logistic regression was performed to identify the association between smoking status and the occurrence of ECAS and ICAS. Results: A total of 2656 patients (92.7%) of acute ischemic stroke and 208 (7.3%) of transient ischemic attack were analyzed. The mean age was 61.9±11.2 and 67.8% were male. There were 141 (4.9%) patients had only ECAS, 1074 (37.5%) had only ICAS, and 261 (9.1%) had both ECAS and ICAS. Current smoking was significantly associated with the occurrence of ECAS (adjusted OR=1.47, 95% CI=1.09-1.99, P<0.01). In addition, with one year of smoking increment, the risk of ECAS increased by 1.1% (adjusted OR=1.011; 95% CI=1.003-1.019; P=0.005); with one cigarette smoked per day increment, the risk of ECAS increased by 1.0% (adjusted OR=1.010; 95% CI=1.001-1.020; P=0.03); and with one pack year of smoking increment, the risk of ECAS increased by 0.7% (adjusted OR=1.007; 95% CI=1.002-1.012; P<0.01). However, no similar significant association was found between smoking status and the occurrence of ICAS. Conclusion: A paradoxical dose-response relationship between cigarette smoking and the occurrence of ECAS and ICAS was identified. Further studies on molecular mechanisms were warranted.

Download Full-text

Escape history and proportion of farmed Atlantic salmon Salmo salar on the coast and in an adjacent salmon fjord in Norway

Aquaculture Environment Interactions ◽

10.3354/aei00370 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

pp. 371-383

Author(s):

T Aronsen ◽

EM Ulvan ◽

TF Næsje ◽

P Fiske

Keyword(s):

Atlantic Salmon ◽

Body Length ◽

Salmo Salar ◽

Coastal Waters ◽

Wild Salmon ◽

Farmed Salmon ◽

Significant Difference ◽

In The Wild ◽

The Mean ◽

Farmed Atlantic Salmon

To gain more knowledge about escaped farmed salmon Salmo salar in the wild, we investigated the proportion of escapees, body length at escape, proportion escaped as smolts/post-smolts (≤300 mm) and number of winters in the wild (winter zones in the growth pattern in the scale samples) in catches on the Norwegian coast and in an adjacent fjord from 2013 to 2017. The mean proportion of escapees was higher on the coast (26%) than in the fjord (4%), and escapees caught on the coast had a slightly larger mean body length at escape (607 mm) than in the fjord (557 mm). However, the mean proportion escaped as smolts/post-smolts did not differ significantly between the coast (8%) and the fjord (11%). There was also no significant difference in the mean proportion of farmed salmon with 1 or more winter zones after escape (50% on the coast and 56% in the fjord). The proportions of escapees with 1, 2, 3 or 4 winter zones after escape were 28, 20, 2 and 0.4% in catches on the coast and 30, 21 and 4% in catches in the fjord, respectively. This study found that the proportion of escapees was considerably higher in coastal waters than in the fjord. Escapees consisted of farmed salmon from several escape events over several years, and approximately 50% of the escapees had one or more winter zones after escape. Thus, escaped farmed salmon may pose a threat to wild salmon populations for several years after the escape event.

Download Full-text

Correlation between keratometry and corneal incision before and after phaco surgery

Folia Medica ◽

10.3897/folmed.63.e55396 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 63 (4) ◽

pp. 527-532

Author(s):

Akbar Derakhshan ◽

Shahram Bamdad ◽

Hosssein Kheiri ◽

Masoud Yasemi

Keyword(s):

Vision Loss ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Corneal Incision ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Postoperative Astigmatism ◽

Before And After ◽

The Mean ◽

One Year ◽

Age Range ◽

The Relationship

Introduction: Cataract is a common cause of vision loss and blindness in humans. After surgical management of cataract, all efforts should be focused on reducing postoperative astigmatism thus providing an excellent vision to patients. Aim: To determine the relationship between corneal incision and refraction changes before and after phacoemulsification surgery in 300 patients undergoing cataract surgery in Khatam hospital in Mashhad, Iran from January 2017 to April 2018. Materials and methods: Three hundred patients (144 women and 156 men) with cataract undergoing phacoemulsification surgery were recruited in this cross-sectional study. Refraction, keratometry and visual acuity measurement were performed before surgery. Then, a steep-based incision in the cornea was made without stitches. A 3.2 mm corneal incision was made at two supratemporal and temporal sites. The patients were followed-up for one and six months, and one year after surgery monitoring their vision and refraction, and performing keratometric measurements. Results: The mean age of the patients was 65.7±9.54 years (age range, 42–84 years). No major complications were observed. The greatest mean of changes in corneal power was in the supratemporal incision (1.28±0.6). Keratometry had a significant relation with the incision (p<0.04). Conclusions: An incision made along the steepest meridian leads to flatness of this meridian, this effect being more pronounced at the supratemporal incision. A temporal incision is recommended in cases where there is little difference in the keratometry of the two axes.

Download Full-text

The relationship between sleep quality and dyspnoea severity in patients with COPD

African Health Sciences ◽

10.4314/ahs.v20i4.32 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 1785-92

Author(s):

Emine Kaplan Serin ◽

Emine Derya Ister ◽

Ahmet Ozdemir

Keyword(s):

Sleep Quality ◽

Poor Sleep ◽

Copd Patients ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

One Year ◽

The Individual ◽

The Relationship ◽

Keywords Dyspnoea ◽

Severe Dyspnoea

Objectives: This study aimed to determine sleep quality, frequency and severity of dyspnoea in COPD patients and to eval- uate the relationship between dyspnoea severity and sleep quality. Method: The sample of the study consisted of 110 patients admitted to the Chest Diseases polyclinic of a private hospital and diagnosed as COPD for at least one year. The data of the study were collected using the "Individual Information Form", "COPD and Asthma Sleep Scale (CASIS)" and "Medical Research Council (MRC) Dyspnoea Scale”. Results: It was found that 6.4% of the patients did not experience dyspnoea, 34.5% had mild, 40.9% had moderate, and 18.2% had severe dyspnoea. The mean CASIS score of the patients without dyspnoea was 29.08±7.83, with mild dyspnoea was 40.22±9.30, with moderate dyspnoea was 50.31±8.97 and with severe dyspnoea was 56.96±13.13. There was a statisti- cally significant difference between dyspnoea severity and mean CASIS score (p=0.001). Correlation analysis between MRC dyspnoea scale and CASIS score showed a significant positive correlation (r=0.61 p=0.001). Conclusion: It was concluded that the majority of COPD patients had moderate or poor sleep quality and dyspnoea. As dyspnoea severity increases, sleep quality decreases. Keywords: Dyspnoea; COPD; Sleep.

Download Full-text

Multi-Center Calibration of the Second Reference Material for Thromboplastin, Rabbit, Plain, Coded CRM 149R

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1648132 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 65 (03) ◽

pp. 263-267 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

A M H P van den Besselaar ◽

R M Bertina

Keyword(s):

Reference Material ◽

Standard Error ◽

Standard Errors ◽

Sensitivity Index ◽

Long Term Stability ◽

Significant Bias ◽

The Mean ◽

The Relationship ◽

International Sensitivity Index

SummaryIn a collaborative trial of eleven laboratories which was performed mainly within the framework of the European Community Bureau of Reference (BCR), a second reference material for thromboplastin, rabbit, plain, was calibrated against its predecessor RBT/79. This second reference material (coded CRM 149R) has a mean International Sensitivity Index (ISI) of 1.343 with a standard error of the mean of 0.035. The standard error of the ISI was determined by combination of the standard errors of the ISI of RBT/79 and the slope of the calibration line in this trial.The BCR reference material for thromboplastin, human, plain (coded BCT/099) was also included in this trial for assessment of the long-term stability of the relationship with RBT/79. The results indicated that this relationship has not changed over a period of 8 years. The interlaboratory variation of the slope of the relationship between CRM 149R and RBT/79 was significantly lower than the variation of the slope of the relationship between BCT/099 and RBT/79. In addition to the manual technique, a semi-automatic coagulometer according to Schnitger & Gross was used to determine prothrombin times with CRM 149R. The mean ISI of CRM 149R was not affected by replacement of the manual technique by this particular coagulometer.Two lyophilized plasmas were included in this trial. The mean slope of relationship between RBT/79 and CRM 149R based on the two lyophilized plasmas was the same as the corresponding slope based on fresh plasmas. Tlowever, the mean slope of relationship between RBT/79 and BCT/099 based on the two lyophilized plasmas was 4.9% higher than the mean slope based on fresh plasmas. Thus, the use of these lyophilized plasmas induced a small but significant bias in the slope of relationship between these thromboplastins of different species.

Download Full-text

Evaluation of the Efficacy of ST2 and NT-proBNP in the Diagnosis and Prediction of Short- Term Prognosis in Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction

International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.25258/ijpcr.v9i04.8539 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (04) ◽

Author(s):

Shivananda B Nayak ◽

Dharindra Sawh ◽

Brandon Scott ◽

Vestra Sears ◽

Kareshma Seebalack ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Ejection Fraction ◽

Cardiac Biomarkers ◽

Double Blind Study ◽

Short Term ◽

Double Blind ◽

Reduced Ejection Fraction ◽

The Mean ◽

Design And Methods ◽

The Relationship

Purpose: i) To determine the relationship between the cardiac biomarkers ST2 and NT-proBNP with ejection fraction (EF) in heart failure (HF) patients. ii) Assess whether a superiority existed between the aforementioned cardiac markers in diagnosing the HF with reduced EF. iii) Determine the efficacy of both biomarkers in predicting a 30-day cardiovascular event and rehospitalization in patients with HF with reduced EF iv) To assess the influence of age, gender, BMI, anaemia and renal failure on the ST2 and NT-proBNP levels. Design and Methods: A prospective double-blind study was conducted to obtain data from a sample of 64 cardiology patients. A blood sample was collected to test for ST2 and NT-proBNP. An echocardiogram (to obtain EF value), electrocardiogram and questionnaire were also obtained. Results: Of the 64 patients enrolled, 59.4% of the population had an EF less than 40%. At the end of the 30- day period, 7 patients were warded, 37 were not warded, one died and 17 were non respondent. Both biomarkers were efficacious at diagnosing HF with a reduced EF. However, neither of them were efficacious in predicting 30-day rehospitalization. The mean NT-proBNP values being: not rehospitalized (2114.7486) and 30 day rehospitalization (1008.42860) and the mean ST2 values being: not rehospitalized (336.1975), and 30-day rehospitalization. (281.9657). Conclusion: Neither ST2 or NT-proBNP was efficacious in predicting the short- term prognosis in HF with reduced EF. Both however were successful at confirming the diagnosis of HF in HF patients with reduced EF.

Download Full-text