scholarly journals Assessment of Testicular Lhcgr mRNA Expression Correlated with Testis and Seminal Vesicle Activities in the Libyan jird (Meriones libycus, Rodentia: Muridae) during Breeding Season Compared with Nonbreeding Season

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 320
Author(s):  
Radia Boufermes ◽  
Mansouria Belhocine ◽  
Zaina Amirat ◽  
Farida Khammar
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Luteinizing Hormone Receptor ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Nonbreeding Season ◽  
Desert Rodent ◽  
Histological Method ◽  
Seasonal Breeder ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Breeding Seasons

The Libyan jird (Meriones libycus, 1823) is a wild desert rodent that is a seasonal breeder species adapted to breed when the environmental conditions can satisfy the energy and hydrous requirements of pregnant and nursing females to ensure that births occur at the most favorable time of the year. We assessed gene expression of testicular luteinizing hormone receptor (Lhcgr) correlated to testis activity. The expression of Lhcgr was evaluated using quantitative Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR and the testis activity by a histological method in adult male Libyan jirds during the nonbreeding and breeding seasons. Our results showed that Lhcgr mRNA expression increased in autumn during the nonbreeding season and decreased in spring during the breeding season. This expression varied in contrast to testicular structure or function and plasma testosterone levels. These results help to elucidate this desert rodent’s seasonal sexual activity, which is correlated with central regulation.

scholarly journals Seasonal expressions of VEGF and its receptors VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 in the prostate of the wild ground squirrels (Spermophilus dauricus)

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuchen Yao ◽  
Wenqian Xie ◽  
Di Chen ◽  
Yingying Han ◽  
Zhengrong Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Ground Squirrels ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Breeding Seasons ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factors

As a vital male accessory reproductive gonad, the prostate requires vascular endothelial growth factors for promoting its growth and development. In this study, we investigated the localizations and expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors including VEGF-receptor1 (VEFGR1) and VEGF-receptor2 (VEGFR2) in the prostate of the wild ground squirrels during the breeding and the non-breeding seasons. The values of total prostate weight and volume in the breeding season were higher than those in the non-breeding season. Histological observations showed that the exocrine lumens of the prostate expanded in the breeding season and contracted in the non-breeding season. The mRNA expression levels of VEGF and VEGFR2 in the prostate were higher in the breeding season than those in the non-breeding season, but the mRNA expression level of VEGFR1 had no significant change between the breeding and non-breeding seasons. Immunohistochemical results revealed that VEGF, VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 were presented in epithelial and stromal cells during the breeding and non-breeding seasons. In addition, the microvessels of the prostate were widely distributed and the number of microvessels increased obviously in the breeding season, while decreased sharply in the non-breeding season. These results suggested that expression levels of VEGF and VEGFR2 might be correlated with seasonal changes in morphology and functions of the prostate, and VEGF might serve as pivotal regulators to affect seasonal changes in the prostate functions of the wild male ground squirrels via an autocrine/paracrine pathway.

scholarly journals Testosterone-related and seasonal changes in sebaceous glands in the back skin of adult male brown bears (Ursusarctos)

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jumpei Tomiyasu ◽  
Yojiro Yanagawa ◽  
Yoshikazu Sato ◽  
Michito Shimozuru ◽  
Masashi Nagano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Ursus Arctos ◽  
Scent Marking ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Sebaceous Glands ◽  
Brown Bears ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Breeding Seasons

Adult male brown bears (Ursus arctos Linnaeus, 1758) display tree-marking behavior to chemically signal their dominance throughout the nondenning period, and this behavior peaks during the breeding season. Within the scent-marking sequence, back rub is a core marking posture. The present study investigated (i) seasonal changes in sebaceous glands in the back skin of brown bears and (ii) the relationship between those changes and testosterone levels. Back skin tissue samples and blood were collected from captive adult intact and castrated males during prebreeding, transitional, breeding, and postbreeding seasons, which were concurrent with back skin observations. In intact males, during the transitional and breeding seasons, an oily secretion from the back skin was observed along with enlarged sebaceous glands. The plasma testosterone concentrations during the transitional and breeding seasons were increased compared with the pre- and post-breeding seasons. Secretions and enlarged sebaceous glands were not found in castrated males, and the plasma testosterone concentrations remained at baseline levels. Oily secretions of the back skin glands that appear more abundant during the breeding season are rubbed against trees. Changes in size and volume of sebaceous glands, and thus their secreting capacity, are likely testosterone-regulated.

EFFECT OF GONADECTOMY, SEASON AND THE PRESENCE OF FEMALE TAMMAR WALLABIES (MACROPUS EUGENII) ON CONCENTRATIONS OF TESTOSTERONE, LUTEINIZING HORMONE AND FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE IN THE PLASMA OF MALE TAMMAR WALLABIES

1980 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. CATLING ◽  
R. L. SUTHERLAND
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Macropus Eugenii ◽  
Rapid Fall ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Breeding Seasons ◽  
Sexually Mature

Concentrations of FSH, LH and testosterone in plasma were measured in groups of adult male tammar wallabies before and after gonadectomy, and during the breeding and non-breeding seasons. Gonadectomy resulted in a rapid fall in plasma testosterone to undetectable levels by day 2, and significant increases in plasma LH and FSH levels. The concentrations of FSH, LH and testosterone did not change significantly between the non-breeding and breeding seasons in groups of male wallabies maintained in the absence of females. However, when male wallabies were associated with sexually mature females there were significant three- to fourfold increases in concentrations of LH and testosterone in plasma at the commencement of the breeding season. The observed increases in LH and testosterone were highly synchronized in the eight animals studied and occurred approximately 2 weeks before the synchronous onset of mating. Concentrations of FSH did not change significantly at this time.

scholarly journals Seasonal expressions of follicle-stimulating hormone receptor and luteinizing hormone receptor in the scented gland of the male muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus)

2017 ◽  
Vol 312 (4) ◽  
pp. R569-R574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haolin Zhang ◽  
Fengwei Zhang ◽  
Manyu Zhu ◽  
Junjie Wang ◽  
Xia Sheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Hormone Receptor ◽  
Prolactin Receptor ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Luteinizing Hormone Receptor ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Nonbreeding Season ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

Accumulating evidence has shown that follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) may influence the functions of nongonadal tissues in addition to their classic target gonads. Our previous studies revealed that the scented glands of male muskrats expressed prolactin receptor, steroidogenic enzymes, and inhibin/activin subunits. To further seek the evidence of the activities of pituitary gonadotropins in scented glands, we investigated the seasonal expression patterns of FSH receptor (FSHR) and LH/choriogonadotropin receptor (LHCGR). The weight and size of scented glands during the breeding season were significantly higher than those during the nonbreeding season. Immunohistochemical studies showed that FSHR was present in the serous cells of scented glands, whereas LHCGR was present in the interstitial cells. The protein and mRNA expression levels of FSHR and LHCGR were significantly higher in the scented glands during the breeding season than those during the nonbreeding season. Importantly, the levels of circulating FSH and LH were remarkably higher during the breeding season. Taken together, these results suggested that gonadotropins may affect the function of muskrat scented gland via the locally expressed receptors in a season-dependent manner.

scholarly journals 246.The effect of testosterone and season on prodynorphin mRNA expression in the preoptic area hypothalamus of the ram

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 246
Author(s):  
C. J. Scott ◽  
I. J. Clarke ◽  
A. J. Tilbrook
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Preoptic Area ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Pulse Amplitude ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Bed Nucleus ◽  
Prodynorphin Mrna

Progesterone stimulates prodynorphin mRNA expression in the hypothalamus of the ewe (1), but whether testosterone regulates dynorphin gene expression in the ram is unknown. In a previous study (2), we showed that both testosterone and season influence mRNA expression of another opioid, enkephalin, in the preoptic area and hypothalamus of rams. Using tissue from the same study, we tested the hypothesis that testosterone and/or season modulate prodynorphin mRNA expression in specific areas of the hypothalamus in the ram. Adult Romney Marsh rams were castrated either during the 'breeding' season or 'non-breeding' season and 1 week later received intramuscular injections of either peanut oil (vehicle) or testosterone propionate (8 mg/12 h for 7 days) (5/group). Blood samples taken every 10 min for 12 h were assayed for plasma LH and testosterone. Prodynorphin mRNA expression was quantified in hypothalamic sections by in situ hybridisation using a 35S-labelled riboprobe and computer-aided image analysis. Plasma testosterone levels were higher in testosterone propionate-treated than oil-treated sheep. Mean plasma LH concentrations were reduced and the interpulse interval for LH pulses was greater in testosterone propionate-treated wethers compared to oil-treated wethers, with no change in LH pulse amplitude. Testosterone propionate treatment increased prodynorphin mRNA expression in the supraoptic nucleus and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, but only during the breeding season. Proenkephalin mRNA expression was also higher in the 'breeding' season than in the 'non-breeding' season in the caudal preoptic area and paraventricular nucleus. No differences were observed between treatments in five other regions of the hypothalamus. We conclude that testosterone and season regulate preproenkephalin mRNA levels in the preoptic area/hypothalamus in the ram in a region-specific manner. (1) Foradori et al. (2002) Proc. Soc. Neurosci. A572.9. (2) Scott et al. (2003) Biol. Reprod. 69, 2015–2021.

scholarly journals Evidence for use of both capital and income breeding strategies in the mangrove tree crab, Aratus pisonii

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jade Carver ◽  
Morgan Meidell ◽  
Zachary J. Cannizzo ◽  
Blaine D. Griffen
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Breeding Strategy ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Breeding Strategies ◽  
Mangrove Tree ◽  
Income Breeding ◽  
Aratus Pisonii ◽  
Breeding Seasons ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Capital And Income Breeding

AbstractTwo common strategies organisms use to finance reproduction are capital breeding (using energy stored prior to reproduction) and income breeding (using energy gathered during the reproductive period). Understanding which of these two strategies a species uses can help in predicting its population dynamics and how it will respond to environmental change. Brachyuran crabs have historically been considered capital breeders as a group, but recent evidence has challenged this assumption. Here, we focus on the mangrove tree crab, Aratus pisonii, and examine its breeding strategy on the Atlantic Florida coast. We collected crabs during and after their breeding season (March–October) and dissected them to discern how energy was stored and utilized for reproduction. We found patterns of reproduction and energy storage that are consistent with both the use of stored energy (capital) and energy acquired (income) during the breeding season. We also found that energy acquisition and storage patterns that supported reproduction were influenced by unequal tidal patterns associated with the syzygy tide inequality cycle. Contrary to previous assumptions for crabs, we suggest that species of crab that produce multiple clutches of eggs during long breeding seasons (many tropical and subtropical species) may commonly use income breeding strategies.

scholarly journals Seasonally sympatric but allochronic: differential expression of hypothalamic genes in a songbird during gonadal development

2018 ◽  
Vol 285 (1889) ◽  
pp. 20181735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn M. Bauer ◽  
Adam M. Fudickar ◽  
Skylar Anderson-Buckingham ◽  
Mikus Abolins-Abols ◽  
Jonathan W. Atwell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Hormone Receptor ◽  
Gonadal Development ◽  
Luteinizing Hormone Receptor ◽  
Hpg Axis ◽  
Oestrogen Receptor Alpha ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Gonadal Recrudescence ◽  
Gonadotropin Inhibitory Hormone

Allochrony, the mismatch of reproductive schedules, is one mechanism that can mediate sympatric speciation and diversification. In songbirds, the transition into breeding condition and gonadal growth is regulated by the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis at multiple levels. We investigated whether the difference in reproductive timing between two seasonally sympatric subspecies of dark-eyed juncos ( Junco hyemalis ) was related to gene expression along the HPG axis. During the sympatric pre-breeding stage, we measured hypothalamic and testicular mRNA expression of candidate genes via qPCR in captive male juncos. For hypothalamic mRNA, we found our earlier breeding subspecies had increased expression of gonadotropin-releasing hormone ( GnRH ) and decreased expression of androgen receptor, oestrogen receptor alpha and mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ). Subspecies did not differ in expression of hypothalamic gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone ( GnIH ) and glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ). While our earlier breeding subspecies had higher mRNA expression of testicular GR , subspecies did not differ in testicular luteinizing hormone receptor, follicle-stimulating hormone receptor or MR mRNA expression levels. Our findings indicate increased GnRH production and decreased hypothalamic sensitivity to sex steroid negative feedback as factors promoting differences in the timing of gonadal recrudescence between recently diverged populations. Differential gene expression along the HPG axis may facilitate species diversification under seasonal sympatry.

scholarly journals Density and Flock Size of the Raven (Corvus corax) In the Orawa - Nowy Targ Basin During Non-Breeding Season

Ring ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-125
Author(s):  
Michał Ciach ◽  
Dominik Wikar ◽  
Małgorzata Bylicka
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Food Resources ◽  
High Density ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Flock Size ◽  
Early Winter ◽  
Corvus Corax ◽  
Line Transect Method ◽  
Breeding Seasons

Density and Flock Size of the Raven (Corvus corax) In the Orawa - Nowy Targ Basin During Non-Breeding Season During the 2002/2003-2004/2005 non-breeding seasons the density of the Raven in the open habitats of the Orawa - Nowy Targ Basin was studied by line transect method. The results were analysed in four periods (autumn, early winter, winter and early spring). The median density of Ravens did not differ significantly between individual periods and was respectively: 3.5, 3.8, 4.8 and 3.8 indiv. / 10 km. Number of birds during particular controls varied from 1.0 to 24.8 indiv. / 10 km. However, while excluding flocks, the median density of single individuals and pairs of the Raven was considerably lower and in subsequent periods reached respectively: 2.2, 2.4, 2.2 and 1.7 indiv. / 10 km. Flock size did not differ significantly between individual periods. Single individuals and, less often, groups of two birds were recorded mostly. Small (3-5 indiv.) and medium (6-15 indiv.) flocks were recorded rarely and large flocks (16 indiv. and above) - only exceptionally. The high density and strong fluctuations of abundance of Ravens were determined by flocks presence, which was probably linked to irregular occurrence of food resources.

scholarly journals Promoter Methylation ofSFRP3Is Frequent in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya-Wen Lin ◽  
Yu-Lueng Shih ◽  
Gi-Shih Lien ◽  
Fat-Moon Suk ◽  
Chung-Bao Hsieh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Promoter Methylation ◽  
Promoter Hypermethylation ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
And Control

Oncogenic activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is common in human cancers. The secreted frizzled-related proteins (SFRPs) function as negative regulators of Wnt signaling and have important implications in carcinogenesis. Because there have been no reports about the role ofSFRP3in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), we investigated the level of methylation and transcription ofSFRP3. Four HCC cell lines, 60 HCCs, 23 cirrhosis livers, 37 chronic hepatitis livers, and 30 control livers were prescreened forSFRP3promoter methylation by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MS-PCR) and bisulfite sequencing.SFRP3promoter methylation was observed in 100%, 60%, 39.1%, 16.2%, and 0% in HCC cell lines, primary HCCs, cirrhosis livers, chronic hepatitis livers, and control livers, respectively. Demethylation treatment with 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine in HCC cells restored or increased theSFRP3mRNA expression. We next used quantitative MS-PCR (QMSP) to analyze the methylation level ofSFRP3in 60 HCCs and their corresponding nontumor tissues. Methylation ofSFRP3promoter region in HCCs increased significantly compared with control tissues. There is a positive correlation between promoter hypermethylation andSFRP3mRNA downregulation. Our data suggest that promoter hypermethylation ofSFRP3is a common event in HCCs and plays an important role in regulation ofSFRP3mRNA expression.

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