scholarly journals Influence of Calving Ease on In-Line Milk Lactose and Other Milk Components

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 842
Author(s):  
Ramūnas Antanaitis ◽  
Vida Juozaitienė ◽  
Dovilė Malašauskienė ◽  
Mindaugas Televičius ◽  
Mingaudas Urbutis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Calving Ease ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Lactose Concentration ◽  
Milk Components ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Milk Urea ◽  
Group 2

The aim of our study was to determine how the ease of calving of cows may influence changes in lactose concentration and other milk components and whether these two factors correlate with each other. To achieve this, we compared data of calving ease scores and average percentage of in-line registered milk lactose and other milk components. A total of 4723 dairy cows from nine dairy farms were studied. The cows were from the second to the fourth lactation. All cows were classified according to the calving ease: group 1 (score 1)—no problems; group 2 (score 2)—slight problems; group 3 (score 3)—needed assistance; group 4 (score 4)—considerable force or extreme difficulty. Based on the data from the milking robots, during complete lactation we recorded milk indicators: milk yield MY (kg/day), milk fat (MF), milk protein (MP), lactose (ML), milk fat/lactose ratio (MF/ML), milk protein/lactose ratio (MP/ML), milk urea (MU), and milk electrical conductivity (EC) of all quarters of the udder. According to the results, we found that cows that had no calving difficulties, also had higher milk lactose concentration. ML > 4.7% was found in 58.8% of cows without calving problems. Cows with more severe calving problems had higher risk of mastitis (SCC and EC). Our data indicates that more productive cows have more calving problems compared to less productive ones.

scholarly journals Effect of restricted suckling time on milk components and sucking behavior of lambs

2009 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-308
Author(s):  
M. Cimen ◽  
M. Karaalp
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Dairy Sheep ◽  
Milk Components ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Lamb Growth ◽  
Daily Milk

Abstract. The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different suckling systems in non-dairy sheep on the production and components of milk, sucking behavior and lamb growth from day 4 after lambing until the lambs were 4 weeks old. The sixteen ewes with their lambs were used to compare restricted suckling time (R) and free suckling time (F) methods. The F lambs were maintained with mothers and suckled ad libitum during day. The R lambs were removed from their dams and allowed to suckle their dams for 15 min during morning and afternoon period. After two weeks of age, all lambs were encouraged to consume roughage alfa alfa as ad libitum to stimulate their ruminal activity. Daily milk intakes of R lambs were low, while F lambs consumed more milk in 1st and 3rd weeks. Therefore, F lambs gained more weight in these weeks. The R lambs have been shown to result in lower sucking duration and higher frequency as compared to F lambs until 4th week. There were no significant differences between treatments in change of milk protein during study. However, the milk fat concentrations were higher in the F group than in R group until 4th week.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF THE LEVEL MILK PRODUCTIVITY OF MOTHER COWS ON THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF HOLSTEIN HEIFERS

2020 ◽  
pp. 165-172
Author(s):  
G.G. Karlikova ◽  
◽  
A.F. Conte ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Group 1

The experiment is carried out on 3 groups of cows (1 - with productivity up to 7500 kg, 2 – from 7500 to 9000 kg and the 3rd group-9000 and above kg of milk for the previous lactation). Milk yield for 305 days of lactation of cows of group 3 averaged 9068 kg (P≤ 0,01), group 2-8682 (P≤ 0,05) and group 1 – 7940 kg of milk. Milk fat production in cows of group 3 - 369 kg (P≤ 0,05), group 2-351 and group 1 – 326 kg. The yield of milk protein from cows of group 3 is 285 kg (P≤ 0,01), group 2-270 (P≤ 0,05) and group 1-248 kg. A comparative analysis of the growth and development of heifers with mothers with different levels of productivity was carried out. At the 2nd month of growing, the weight of heifers of the 3rd group is 76 kg (P≤0,10), the 2nd - 72 kg (P≤0,10). The average daily growth of group 3 heifers at 6 months was 1244 g (P≤0,10), group 2 - 1127 and group 1-617 g.Group 3 Heifers at 9 months weighed 301,2 kg (P≤0,05), group 2 – 299,3 kg (P≤0,05). Heifers of group 3 at 12 months reached 380,6 kg (P≤0,05), group 2–378,5 (P≤0,05) and group 1 – 353,7 kg. The growth of experimental heifers of group 2 was 887,6 g (P≤0,05), group 3–829,6 and group 1 – 710 g per day. Monitoring of growth and development of heifers continues.

PSIV-11 Effects of feeding a 50% cranberry vine pellet on milk components during lactation in sheep

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 300-300
Author(s):  
Delaney Smith ◽  
Michael Thonney ◽  
Katherine Petersson ◽  
Maria L Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Cell Analysis ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Periparturient Period ◽  
Milk Components ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

Abstract The objective of this study was to examine the effect of feeding cranberry vine (CV) on milk components during early lactation as part of a larger study on the antiparasitic efficacy of CV supplementation on ewes during the periparturient period. Ewes were fed a 50% CV pellet (CVP; n = 12) or a control pellet (CON; n = 13) beginning at 102±1 d of pregnancy until d 65±1 postpartum. The CV pellet fed was formulated to be equivalent in digestible dry matter to the control pellet. BW was determined weekly during the study and milk samples were collected weekly during lactation. Data were analyzed in SAS with repeated measures. Ewe BW were similar at the start of study (180.36lbs ± 4.70lbs; P = 0.43) however by wk 8 postpartum CVP ewes weighed less than CON ewes (CON: 212.31lbs±7.86lbs; CVP: 185.58lbs±8.00lbs; P = 0.04). There was a treatment*wk effect observed for milk fat, protein and MUN (P ≤ 0.05). Ewes fed CVP exhibited reduced milk fat at wks 2 (CON: 6.75%±0.63%; CVP: 6.06%±0.58%; P = 0.03) and 5 (CON: 6.66%±0.37%; CVP: 5.54%±0.26%; P = 0.05), milk protein was reduced in CVP ewes at wk 2 (CON: 4.92%±0.12%; CVP: 4.72%±0.19%; P = 0.05) and MUN was greater at weeks 4 (CON: 22.89±0.7mg/dL; CVP: 27.93±0.85mg/dL; P = 0.01) and 8 (CON: 24.80±0.51mg/dL; CVP: 26.64±0.86mg/dL; P < 0.01) in CVP ewes. Somatic cell analysis is pending. In conclusion, CVP supplementation during lactation affects milk composition in sheep. Studies are underway to determine the effect of CV supplementation on additional metabolic parameters in pregnant and lactating ewes.

Past peak lactational performance of Iranian Holstein cows fed raw or roasted whole soybeans

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Fathi Nasri ◽  
M. Danesh Mesgaran ◽  
E. Kebreab ◽  
J. France
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
The Other ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Alfalfa Hay ◽  
Lactational Performance ◽  
Milk Urea ◽  
Beta Hydroxybutyrate

Responses of past peak lactating Iranian Holstein cows to feeding roasted whole soybean (SB), raw SB or soybean meal (SBM) supplements were evaluated. Treatments consisted of a total mixed ration (TMR) with 34% forage (21% alfalfa hay and 13% corn silage) supplemented with 11.9% SBM or 13.3% roasted SB or raw SB. Diets were offered to 18 multiparous cows assigned randomly to one of three experimental diets for a 49-d trial. Dry matter intake was not significantly different, but total and fat-corrected milk yields were higher for cows fed the roasted SB diet than the other treatments. Milk fat concentration was not significantly different among treatments, but milk fat yield was significantly higher for cows fed the roasted SB and SBM diets. Milk protein concentration was significantly decreased by the raw and roasted SB diets, but milk protein yield was unaffected. Feeding roasted SB significantly reduced rumen ammonia N, plasma urea N and milk urea N concentrations. Ruminal pH, plasma glucose and beta-hydroxybutyrate concentrations were not affected. Compared with the other treatments, roasted SB increased plasma concentration of most essential amino acids, except leucine and phenylalanine. Although caution must be taken in the interpretation of the results due to the limited number of observations in the experiment, feeding roasted SB in a diet with alfalfa hay as the primary forage was beneficial. Key words: Whole soybean, lactational performance, blood metabolite, dairy cows

scholarly journals The effect of spring shearing on milk yield and milk composition in Tsigai ewes

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-249
Author(s):  
Y. Aleksiev
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Daily Output ◽  
Lactose Concentration ◽  
Nutrient Partitioning ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

Milk yield and milk composition responses to shearing were assessed in Tsigai ewes kept indoors. Sheep was offered 700g/head daily concentrate and chopped hay administered ad libitum and was milked twice daily - at 08:00 and at 18:00 h. Average for the two weeks post-shearing, daily milk yield dropped by 7.2 % due to the 8.2 and 2.2 %, respectively, reduction in the morning and in the afternoon milk yields. Fat and protein concentrations in the morning and in the afternoon milk on day 1, day 7 and day 14 after shearing surpassed vastly pre-shearing values whilst milk lactose concentration showed a trend towards postshearing reduction. On the three sampling post-shearing days daily output of different milk constituents exceeded the corresponding mean pre-shearing values by 16.2, 11.6 and 9.1 % in milk fat, 1.6, 3.5 and 6.2 % in milk protein, and 4.1, 7.2 and 2.2 % in total solids. The increase in daily output of milk constituents occurred despite the decline in daily milk yield. Lactose daily output, on the contrary, dropped by 6.9, 7.7 and 9.3 % relative to the mean pre- shearing value. Postshearing adaptive adjustments including changes in nutrient partitioning appear to underlie the alterations in milk yield and milk composition. It may be concluded that post-shearing changes in milk composition makes for the improvement of milk processing characteristics.

Amino Acid Metabolism in Dairy Cows and their Regulation in Milk Synthesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feiran Wang ◽  
Haitao Shi ◽  
Shuxiang Wang ◽  
Yajing Wang ◽  
Zhijun Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Regulatory Element ◽  
Mammalian Target Of Rapamycin ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Output Ratio ◽  
Group 2

Background: Reducing dietary Crude Protein (CP) and supplementing with certain Amino Acids (AAs) has been known as a potential solution to improve Nitrogen (N) efficiency in dairy production. Thus understanding how AAs are utilized in various sites along the gut is critical. Objective: AA flow from the intestine to Portal-drained Viscera (PDV) and liver then to the mammary gland was elaborated in this article. Recoveries in individual AA in PDV and liver seem to share similar AA pattern with input: output ratio in mammary gland, which subdivides essential AA (EAA) into two groups, Lysine (Lys) and Branchedchain AA (BCAA) in group 1, input: output ratio > 1; Methionine (Met), Histidine (His), Phenylalanine (Phe) etc. in group 2, input: output ratio close to 1. AAs in the mammary gland are either utilized for milk protein synthesis or retained as body tissue, or catabolized. The fractional removal of AAs and the number and activity of AA transporters together contribute to the ability of AAs going through mammary cells. Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is closely related to milk protein synthesis and provides alternatives for AA regulation of milk protein synthesis, which connects AA with lactose synthesis via α-lactalbumin (gene: LALBA) and links with milk fat synthesis via Sterol Regulatory Element-binding Transcription Protein 1 (SREBP1) and Peroxisome Proliferatoractivated Receptor (PPAR). Conclusion: Overall, AA flow across various tissues reveals AA metabolism and utilization in dairy cows on one hand. While the function of AA in the biosynthesis of milk protein, fat and lactose at both transcriptional and posttranscriptional level from another angle provides the possibility for us to regulate them for higher efficiency.

A comparison of the composition, coagulation characteristics and cheesemaking capacity of milk from Friesian and Jersey dairy cows

2004 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin J Auldist ◽  
Keith A Johnston ◽  
Nicola J White ◽  
W Paul Fitzsimons ◽  
Michael J Boland
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Cheddar Cheese ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Solids Concentration ◽  
Milk Components ◽  
Fat Composition ◽  
Solids Content

Twenty-nine multiparous cows of each of the Jersey and Friesian breeds, all κ-casein AB phenotype, were grazed together and managed identically. On three occasions during 10 d in spring (early lactation), milk was collected from all cows at four consecutive milkings and bulked according to breed. On a separate occasion, milk samples were also collected from each cow at consecutive a.m. and p.m. milkings to form one daily sample per cow. The bulked milks (800–1000 l per breed on each occasion) were standardized to a protein[ratio ]fat (P[ratio ]F) ratio of 0·80, and 350 l from each breed was made into Cheddar cheese. The solids content of the remaining Friesian milk was then increased by ultrafiltration to a solids concentration equal to that of the Jersey milk. This solids-standardized Friesian milk and a replicate batch of P[ratio ]F standardized Jersey milk were made into two further batches of Cheddar cheese in 350-l vats. Compared with Friesian milk, Jersey milk had higher concentrations of most milk components measured, including protein, casein and fat. There were few difference in milk protein composition between breeds, but there were differences in fat composition. Friesian milk fat had more conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) than Jersey milk fat. Jersey milk coagulated faster and formed firmer curd than Friesian milk. Concentrations of some milk components were correlated with coagulation parameters, but relationships did not allow prediction of cheesemaking potential. Jersey milk yielded 10% more cheese per kg than Friesian milk using P[ratio ]F standardized milk, but for milks with the same solids concentration there were no differences in cheese yield. No differences in cheese composition between breeds were detected. Differences in cheesemaking properties of milk from Jerseys and Friesians were entirely related to the concentrations of solids in the original milk.

scholarly journals Calcium Hydroxide improves epoxy sealer adhesion on root dentin

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Carlos Henrique Ribeiro Camargo ◽  
Bruna Pastro De Lara ◽  
Gleyce Oliveira Silva ◽  
Noala Vicensoto Moreira Milhan ◽  
Simone Helena Ferreira Gonçalves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Human Teeth ◽  
Ultrasonic Agitation ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Root Dentin ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2

<p><strong>Objective</strong>: The aim of this study is to evaluate the adhesion of an endodontic sealer (AHPlus in root canals after the use of different protocols of 17% EDTA and the use of intracanal medication (ICM) based on calcium hydroxide in aqueous vehicle. <strong>Material and Methods</strong>: For this, 72 single-rooted human teeth were instrumented up to #50 and divided into six groups (n = 12). Group 1: EDTA for 3 min; Group 2: 3 mL of EDTA + 3 min of EDTA; Group 3: 3 mL of EDTA + 3 min of EDTA + 30 seconds of ultrasonic agitation; Group 4: EDTA for 3 min + ICM; Group 5: 3 mL of EDTA + 3 min of EDTA + ICM; Group 6: 3 mL of EDTA + 3 min of EDTA + 30 seconds of ultrasonic agitation + ICM. The root canals were filled with endodontic sealer after each protocol and after 7 days they were prepared to the push-out test. The data were analyzed using ANOVA two factors (p &lt; 0.05). <strong>Results</strong>: It was observed no statistically difference in bond strength in the 3 different 17% EDTA protocols. However, the use of ICM increased significantly the resistance adhesion. <strong>Conclusion</strong>: Intracanal medication based on calcium hydroxide improved the bond strength of AHPlus to dentin walls, regardless of the EDTA protocol.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong></p><p>Calcium hydroxide; EDTA; Dentin.</p>

scholarly journals Influence of Calving Ease on In-Line Milk Urea and Relationship with Other Milk Characteristics in Dairy Cows

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1159
Author(s):  
Mindaugas Televičius ◽  
Ramūnas Antanaitis ◽  
Vida Juozaitienė ◽  
Algimantas Paulauskas ◽  
Dovilė Malašauskienė ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Milk Urea

The aim of this research was to identify the relationship of calvin ease and level of in-line milk urea (MU) and other milk components, namely milk yield (MY), electrical conductivity (EC), milk fat (MF), milk protein (MP), milk fat/protein ratio (MF/MP), and somatic cell count (SCC) in dairy cows. The cows for the research were selected following such criteria: cows were tested within the period of up to the first 30 days after calving and had had a range of lactation numbers from two to four. Each selected farm housed more than 500 dairy cows and a total of 4712 calving cases from the eight dairy farms were studied and evaluated. The 4-point scale was used for the evaluation of the calving according to the point value meanings where 1 = easy, unassisted; 2 = easy, assisted; 3 = difficult, assisted; 4 = difficult, requiring veterinary intervention. A total of 4712 calving cases were researched and scored. The chemical properties of milk in all research cows were analyzed during the early phase of lactation (from the onset of calving to 30 days past calving) every day, during each milking. Cows were classified into groups according to the level of urea in milk: Group 1 had MU ≤ 15 mg/dL (12.6% of cows), Group 2 had MU 16–30 mg/dL (62.4% of cows), and Group 3 had MU > 30 mg/dL (25.0% of cows). We found that cows with milk urea levels between 16 and 30 mg/dL had the lowest incidence of dystocia, and also the highest concentration of milk lactose (ML ≥ 4.6%), the lowest mean value of milk electrical conductivity, and the lowest value of milk SCC. Dystocia increased the risk of somatic cell growth in cow’s milk above the herd average (OR = 1.364; 95% CI = 1.184–1.571, p < 0.001), and normal urea in milk reduced this risk (OR = 0.749; 95% CI = 0.642–0.869, p = 0.05). In all groups of cows, according to the level of urea in milk, the productivity of cows without dystocia at calving was higher (2.50–5.51 kg) as well as the milk protein % (0.13–0.21%) and milk lactose % (0.07–0.19%). We concluded that, in all groups of cows, according to the level of urea in milk, the productivity and milk lactose concentration of cows without dystocia at calving was higher, and lower somatic cells count and electrical conductivity values were found in the milk compared with cows diagnosed with dystocia at calving. We can state that dystocia has a negative effect on milk urea concentration and can increase the risk of mastitis.

scholarly journals The relationship between freezing point of milk and milk components and its changes during lactation in Czech Pied and Holstein cows

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 63-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustav Chládek ◽  
Vladimír Čejna
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Milk Protein Content ◽  
Milk Components ◽  
The Relationship

The freezing point of milk (FPM) is an instant indicator of violated technological quality of raw milk, especially of dilution. FPM can also vary due to numerous effects associated with changes in milk composition and milk characteristics. Beside the effect of season, phase of lactation, breed, milk yield, sub-clinical mastitis etc. the impacts of nutrition and dietary or metabolic disorders are the most significant and the most frequent (GAJDŮŠEK, 2003). FPM is a relatively stable physical characteristic and due to osmotically active elements it ranges from – 0.510 to – 0.535 °C (HANUŠ et al., 2003b). Recently ŠUSTOVÁ (2001) studied the freezing point of milk in pool samples; she observed seasonal changes in FPM of mixed milk and the effect of different diets on FPM values. KOLOŠTA (2003) looked into the effect of grazing season on FPM. HANUŠ et al. (2003a) analysed possible effects of handling of milk components on FPM.The aim of this work was to describe the relationship between FPM and milk components and the impact of breed, number and phase of lactation on FPM. We analysed 328 milk samples in total, out of which 137 samples were of Czech Pied cows and 191 samples of Holstein cows. The effect of number and phase of lactation was evaluated for both breeds together. The greatest coefficients of correlation in total were found between FPM and lactose content (r = 0.600) and solids non fat (r = 0.523). Lower coefficients of correlation were found between FPM and milk fat content (r = 0.235), milk protein content (r = 0.260) and urea concentration (r = 0.256). These coefficients were considerably lower in Holstein cows than in Czech Pied cows. The coefficients of correlation between FPM and number and phase of lactation and somatic cells count were insignificant. The total mean value of FPM was – 0.534 °C. Breed statistically significantly (P<0.01) affected FPM (+0.006 °C in C breed) and milk fat content (+0.19 % in H breed). Breed highly significantly (P<0.001) affected daily milk yield (+4.9 kg milk in H), milk protein content (+0.27 % in C) and solids non fat (+0.37 % in C). On the contrary, breed had no significant effect on lactose content, urea concentration and somatic cells count.Variability of FPM was greater in Czech Pied cows (5.9 %) than in Holstein cows (0.9 %). Number of lactation had no significant effect on FPM (maximum difference between lactations was 0.008 °C). Phase of lactation had no significant effect on FPM either. Our study revealed the fact that FPM was most of all affected by lactose content and solids non fat. However, the decrease of lactose content was compensated by a tendency of mammary glad to keep constant osmotic pressure. As the somatic sells count was low, there was no decline in lactose content during later lactations so no significant decrease of FPM occurred.

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