scholarly journals Perosomus Elumbis in Piglets: Pathological, Radiological and Cytogenetic Findings

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1132
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Piegari ◽  
Emanuele D’Anza ◽  
Dario Costanza ◽  
Francesco Prisco ◽  
Leonardo Meomartino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Rate ◽  
Chromosomal Abnormalities ◽  
Morphological Description ◽  
Epidemiological Investigation ◽  
Total Birth ◽  
Congenital Condition ◽  
Total Birth Rate ◽  
Spinal Cord Level ◽  
Newborn Pigs ◽  
Low Prevalence

Perosomus elumbis (PE) is a rare congenital condition characterized by agenesis of the lumbar, sacral and coccygeal vertebrae. Perosomus elumbis has rarely been reported in literature as morphological description of singles or few cases. Here we report the first extensive description of eight cases of PE detected in two consecutive litters from the same parents of Casertana pig breed. In August 2018, eight piglets were investigated for multiple malformations. All malformed animals, but one, died in the first day of life. The survivor piglet died at 23 days of age. Pathological, radiological and cytogenetic examination was performed. Furthermore, a farm epidemiological investigation was carried out to investigate the percentage of piglets born dead or with malformations in 2018. The radiological and pathological exams showed skeletal abnormalities at the spinal cord level and visceral malformations. Cytogenetic investigations showed a normal chromosome arrangement. Finally, epidemiological investigation revealed a low prevalence of malformations in newborn pigs, equal to 0.5% of the total birth rate of the farm. Our findings report the first extensive description of PE cases in pigs and suggest an underestimation of this malformation in veterinary medicine. Our findings also suggest a specific genetic etiological basis as cause of PE in pigs and exclude chromosomal abnormalities. Further studies will be performed to confirm this hypothesis.

scholarly journals The Pulsar Birth Rate from the Parkes Multibeam Survey

2004 ◽  
Vol 218 ◽  
pp. 121-122
Author(s):  
N. Vranesevic
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Field Strength ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Selection Effects ◽  
Total Birth ◽  
Current Accounting ◽  
Dipole Magnetic Field ◽  
Total Birth Rate ◽  
Surface Dipole

We report on calculations of the pulsar birth rate based on the results of the Parkes multibeam survey. Prom the observed sample of more than 800 pulsars, we compute the pulsar current, accounting as accurately as possible for all known selection effects. The main goal of this work is to understand the pulsar birth rate as a function of the surface dipole magnetic field strength. We show that pulsars with magnetic fields greater than 1012.5 G account for about half of the total birth rate.

scholarly journals 3.3. ANALYSIS OF FACTORS OF FERTILITY OF POPULATION IN THE REGIONS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION BY THE MODEL OF MODELING

2021 ◽  
pp. 48-55
Author(s):  
А.Б. Берендеева ◽  
О.В. Сизова
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Total Birth ◽  
Total Birth Rate ◽  
Main Tendency ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

Рассмотрена динамика суммарного коэффициента рождаемости в Российской Федерации и факторы рождаемости. Выделено пять групп регионов РФ по уровню суммарного коэффициента рождаемости. На примере пяти регионов-лидеров и пяти регионов-антилидеров проанализировано воздействие на по-казатель рождаемости девяти социально-экономических факторов. Рассмотрена динамика ко-эффициента рождаемости и выявлена основная тен-денция изменения данного показателя. С помощью корреляционно-регрессионного анализа выявлены факторы, оказывающие определяющее воздействие на рождаемость в РФ. Выделены группы факторов по степени влияния на рождаемость населения. The dynamics of the total fertility rate in Russia and fertility factors are considered. Five groups of Russian regions were identified by the level of the total birth rate. Using the example of 5 leading regions and 5 anti-leader regions, we analyzed the impact on the birth rate of 9 socio-economic factors. The dynamics of the birth rate is examined and the main tendency for this indicator to change. Using correlation and re-gression analysis, factors were identified that have a decisive effect on fertility in Russia. Groups of factors are identified by the degree of influence on the birth rate of the population.

scholarly journals Incidence of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency among Swedish Newborn Infants

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Ohlsson ◽  
Rehnholm ◽  
Shubham ◽  
Döbeln
Keyword(s):  
Sanger Sequencing ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Dehydrogenase Deficiency ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Total Birth ◽  
Total Birth Rate ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Blood Spot

Sweden has 10.2 million inhabitants and more than 2.4 million have a foreign background. A substantial number of immigrants come from countries where glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PDD) is frequent. The total birth rate annually in Sweden is approximately 117,000 and newborn screening is centralized to one laboratory. We determined glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity in 10,098 dried blood spot samples (DBS) from the whole country with a fluorometric assay (LabSystems Diagnostics Oy, Finland). The first 5451 samples were anonymised and run as singletons, whilst the following 4647 samples were coded. Enzyme activity ≤40% of the mean of the day was found in 58 samples (1/170) and among these, 29 had activities ≤10% (1/350). Twenty-nine samples with residual activities between 2–39% in the coded cohort were subjected to Sanger sequencing. Disease-causing variants were identified in 26 out of 29 infants, of which six were girls. In three patients, we did not find any disease-causing variants, although two patients were hemizygous for the known polymorphisms c.1311T>C and c.1365-13C>T. The most common disease-causing variant found in 15 of the 29 samples (12 hemizygotes, two heterozygotes, one homozygote) was the Mediterranean mutation, c.563C>T (p.(Ser188Phe)) in exon 6. G6PDD is thus a surprisingly prevalent disorder in Sweden.

The demographic reasons of new period of fertility decline in the northern regions of Russia.

2021 ◽  
pp. 104-117
Author(s):  
Maria A. Zyryanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Rate ◽  
Rate Coefficient ◽  
Favorable Effect ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
High Priority Task ◽  
Total Birth ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
Total Birth Rate ◽  
Families With Children

At the last time the North is a one of important vector of country’s economy strategic development. A rich mineral resource and fuel and energy bases give the reason for development and implementation of the new investment projects. Successful economic developing of territories needs in human resources, however a number of northern regions of the country have persistent problems in demographic sphere: low level of birth-rate and migration outflow. Here are Republic of Karelia, Komi Republic, Arkhangelsk, Murmansk, Magadan, Sakhalin and Kamchatka regions and in 2018–2019 the Chukotka Autonomous Region also can be included. In the last years in these regions, as in the whole in Russia, the deterioration of the birth-rate situation began. Therefore, the purpose of the research is to identify demographic reasons of birth-rate reduction in the Russian northern regions. The index method was used. It helped to find what value at the dynamics of total birth-rate coefficient belongs to changes in the proportion of women aged 15–49 years old in a population, in the age birth-rate coefficient, and also in the age structure of a female reproductive group. According to research it was found a favorable effect in 2014–2016 on the preservation of the positive dynamic of the total birth-rate coefficient in the conditions of negative influence of factors of demographic structure exactly for a reason of increasing of the real fertility. It was detected, that in 2017–2019, a negative effect on the dynamic of the total birth-rate coefficient has implemented significant decrease in birth-rate itself and not only structural factors. The revealed beginning of the reduction of age- specific birth rates confirms the importance of prolongation of family and demographic policy in the field of improving the economic situation of families with children, increasing the status of parenthood in society. The high-priority task in the conditions of factors increasing, that complicate to preserve economic stability in the country, is to provide a decent level and quality of life, an accessibility of the most important living benefits — comfortable housing and jobs with salary, that can qualitatively satisfy a wide range of needs of families with children.

scholarly journals The impact of demographic policy on birth rate processes in Ukraine

2011 ◽  
pp. 122-130
Author(s):  
I. Hudzeliak
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Behavior ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Natural Increase ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Total Birth ◽  
Total Birth Rate ◽  
Rate Processes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Demographic Policy

The article analyzes the dynamics of birth rate and natural increase of population of Ukraine in 20– 21th century. The influence of age structure and demographic measures pro-natality policy on birth rate trends today. An comparison was made between regional-level birth rate in 2001 and 2009. The groups of regions were highlighted with the highest rate of change of the total birth rate for the period. Key words: pro-natality policy, the total birth rate, reproductive behavior, the nature of population reproduction.

THE ORAL-FACIAL-DIGITAL SYNDROME: A MULTIPLE CONGENITAL CONDITION OF FEMALES WITH ASSOCIATED CHROMOSOMAL ABNORMALITIES

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1962 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 985-995
Author(s):  
Aubrey L. Ruess ◽  
Samuel Pruzansky ◽  
Edward F. Lis ◽  
Klaus Patau
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Chromosomal Abnormalities ◽  
Multidisciplinary Treatment ◽  
Partial Trisomy ◽  
Specific Chromosome ◽  
Central Nervous System Disorders ◽  
The Face ◽  
Congenital Condition

The oral-facial-digital (OFD) syndrome is a congenital condition found only in females and with variable anomalies of the oral, facial, and digital tissues. Defects of the oral region are fairly constant, while involvement of the face and digits may, or may not, be found. Radiographic and cephalometric analyses reveal syndrome-specific characteristics of the skull and digital bones. Alopecia, coarse skin, and minimal hypotelorism may be present. Central nervous system disorders with mental retardation were found in some of our cases. On the basis of this study, and previous reports, it can be tentatively concluded that between one-third and one-half of the patients are mentally retarded. Two OFD patients, a mother and her daughter, have an insertion in one No. 1 chromosome. It appears likely that the syndrome generally is caused by partial trisomy for a specific chromosome segment. The inserted extra piece will usually be undetectable in the microscope. A familial pattern is demonstrable in some of the cases with this condition. The OFD syndrome seems to be lethal for males. The nature of the anomaly points to the need for long-term multidisciplinary treatment and planning in the majority of cases.

Dynamics of two populations of the humpback whale, Megaptera novaeangliae (Borowski)

1965 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
RG Chittleborough
Keyword(s):  
Birth Rate ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Humpback Whale ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Group V ◽  
Structure And Dynamics ◽  
History Of ◽  
Total Birth Rate ◽  
State Group ◽  
Two Populations

Results of studies of the structure and dynamics of two humpback whale stocks of the southern hemisphere (group IV, 70� E.-130°E.; group V, 130� E.-170� W.) are drawn together. Estimates are made of recruitment and mortality rates, and an assessment is made of the yields to be taken from these stocks under various conditions. The two stocks are shown to be, in the main, independent of one another although there is a negligible sporadic exchange between them. The group V stock is shown to fragment, but probably randomly, in its northern migration.Reproduction, nutrition, and growth are described. Birth rate of females is estimated to be 0.186, and since the sex ratio is approximately 1, the total birth rate is about 0.37. Parameters (von Bertalanffy) for growth are L∞ 42.58 ft for males, 45.21 ft for females; k(male) = 0.266, k(female): = 0.205. The history of exploitation is reported. Population structure is described from evidence drawn from examination of commercial catches; substantial changes in recent years (reduction of the numbers in older groups) are described. Measurement of effort, and an analysis of variations in selectivity of the killings are reported in detail. Decline in the abundance of these groups, group IV steadily since 1954 and group V sharply since 1959, is described. Total mortality, natural mortality, fishing mortality, and recruitment rates are estimated and are used in estimating stock numbers and sustainable yields. The group IV stock probably consisted of 12,000-17,000 individuals in its unfished state, of about 10,000 individuals in 1949, and no more than 800 in 1962. The group V stock probably contained about 10,000 individuals in its unfished state, but only 500 or less in 1962. In its present state, group IV could give a sustainable yield of 18 (range 4-32) whales, and group V of 12 (range 3-21) whales. The maximum yields these stocks could sustain in completely regenerated state are: group IV, 390 whales per year; group V, 330 whales per year. Group IV would require 28-49 years to reach that state, group V would require 36-63 years.

scholarly journals Effects of Chromosomal Abnormalities on Assisted Reproductive Technology: A Retrospective Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Cui ◽  
Yonghong Lin ◽  
Fang Wang ◽  
Xinting Yu ◽  
Wending Teng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Chromosomal Abnormalities ◽  
Live Birth Rate ◽  
Reproductive Technology ◽  
Clinical Pregnancy ◽  
Exposed Group ◽  
Clinical Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Cumulative Live Birth Rate ◽  
Cumulative Live Birth

Abstract Background: To ascertain whether couples with chromosomal abnormalities have a difference in cumulative clinical pregnancy rate and cumulative live birth rate among assisted reproductive technology population. Methods: Design: A retrospective cohort study. Setting: Department of reproduction and infertility in Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital.Patients: A total of 112 couples were in exposed group with chromosomal abnormalities and 226 couples without chromosomal abnormalities in control group included in the study, totaling 338 cases. From 1st Jan 2017 to 31st Dec 2019. Control group (infertility couples without chromosomal abnormalities) was 1:2 matched by female age, type of infertility (primary, secondary), type of assisted reproductive technology (IVF, ICSI or IUI). Results: Primary outcomes: cumulative clinical pregnancy rate and cumulative live birth rate. The results indicated that chromosomes abnormalities had no statistical difference in primary outcomes. Further analysis revealed exposed group (couples with chromosomal abnormalities) had less 2 pronuclear stage count. The times of embryo transfer by ICSI was less than IVF in exposed group. We found out only female age had an effect on the primary results and the threshold was 33.5years old.Conclusions: There were no significant differences in cumulative clinical pregnancy rate and cumulative live birth rate between two groups. But 2 pronuclear stage count, and the times of embryo transfer were affected by chromosomal abnormalities. It may be better to choose ICSI and PGT in this population.

scholarly journals Development of assisted reproductive technology services in Thailand between 2008 and 2014 before the new law: Results generated from the National ART Registry, Royal Thai College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 189-196
Author(s):  
Charoenchai Chiamchanya ◽  
Kamthorn Pruksananonda
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technology ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Reproductive Technology ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Clinical Pregnancy ◽  
Clinical Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Total Birth ◽  
Clinical Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Multifetal Pregnancy

AbstractBackgroundWhile the assisted reproductive technology (ART) relieves the burden of infertility in many couples, it presents significant public health challenges due to the substantial risk for multiple birth delivery and preterm birth, which are associated with poor maternal and fetal health outcomes. For this reason, it is important to monitor the development and effectiveness of ART services in Thailand.ObjectiveTo analyze the trends of ART services in Thailand between 2008 and 2014.MethodsART clinics in Thailand are required to submit data to the Royal Thai College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists via the National Reporting System. The data from 2008 to 2014 were collected and analyzed.ResultsThe number of ART centers was increased from 35 to 47. The total fresh ART cycles were also increased from 3,723 to 6,516. The percentage values of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), in vitro fertilization, gamete intrafallopian transfer, and zygote intrafallopian transfer cycles were changed from 77.87 to 95.59, 21.43 to 4.31, 0.21 to 0.09, and 0.45 to 0.05, respectively. The clinical pregnancy rates were 28.79–33.19, 22.84–51.34, 14.29–42.86, and 0.00–26.67, respectively. The clinical pregnancy rates in fresh vs. frozen-thawed cycles were 31.01–36.33 vs. 31.54–37.34 (P < 0.05). The clinical pregnancy rates in female age <35 vs. 35–39 vs. ≥40 years were 36.97–40.70 vs. 32.74–33.42 vs. 21.08–31.34, respectively (P < 0.001), and the percentage values of multifetal pregnancy rate were 18.75 vs. 13.30 and 13.69, respectively (P < 0.001). There were increasing preimplantation genetic screening (PGS) cycles, with the percentage of the clinical pregnancy rate (25.90–42.63, P < 0.05). The clinical pregnancy rates in medium-sized ART centers (100–300 cycles per year) vs. in small and large centers were 30.79–41.14 vs. 28.01–34.04 and 8.70–40.35, respectively (P < 0.001). Trends of increasing percentage of ART birth rate to total birth rate ratio were 0.24–0.34 (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThere were higher clinical pregnancy rates in frozen-thawed cycles. Higher multifetal pregnancy rate and clinical pregnancy rate were also found in younger females. There were increasing uses of ICSI and PGS. A trend toward increasing ART birth to total birth ratio was observed.

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