The demographic reasons of new period of fertility decline in the northern regions of Russia.

2021 ◽  
pp. 104-117
Author(s):  
Maria A. Zyryanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Rate ◽  
Rate Coefficient ◽  
Favorable Effect ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
High Priority Task ◽  
Total Birth ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
Total Birth Rate ◽  
Families With Children

At the last time the North is a one of important vector of country’s economy strategic development. A rich mineral resource and fuel and energy bases give the reason for development and implementation of the new investment projects. Successful economic developing of territories needs in human resources, however a number of northern regions of the country have persistent problems in demographic sphere: low level of birth-rate and migration outflow. Here are Republic of Karelia, Komi Republic, Arkhangelsk, Murmansk, Magadan, Sakhalin and Kamchatka regions and in 2018–2019 the Chukotka Autonomous Region also can be included. In the last years in these regions, as in the whole in Russia, the deterioration of the birth-rate situation began. Therefore, the purpose of the research is to identify demographic reasons of birth-rate reduction in the Russian northern regions. The index method was used. It helped to find what value at the dynamics of total birth-rate coefficient belongs to changes in the proportion of women aged 15–49 years old in a population, in the age birth-rate coefficient, and also in the age structure of a female reproductive group. According to research it was found a favorable effect in 2014–2016 on the preservation of the positive dynamic of the total birth-rate coefficient in the conditions of negative influence of factors of demographic structure exactly for a reason of increasing of the real fertility. It was detected, that in 2017–2019, a negative effect on the dynamic of the total birth-rate coefficient has implemented significant decrease in birth-rate itself and not only structural factors. The revealed beginning of the reduction of age- specific birth rates confirms the importance of prolongation of family and demographic policy in the field of improving the economic situation of families with children, increasing the status of parenthood in society. The high-priority task in the conditions of factors increasing, that complicate to preserve economic stability in the country, is to provide a decent level and quality of life, an accessibility of the most important living benefits — comfortable housing and jobs with salary, that can qualitatively satisfy a wide range of needs of families with children.

scholarly journals DYNAMICS OF THE DEMOGRAPHIC SITUATION IN THE RUSSIA’S REGIONS AT THE BEGINNING OF THE XXI CENTURY AND ITS FEATURES IN SUBJECTS WITH AN ETHNIC COMPONENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 6(16) (3) ◽  
pp. 14-26
Author(s):  
T. L. Borodina ◽  
N. D. Korneeva
Keyword(s):  
Birth Rate ◽  
Rural Populations ◽  
Birth Rates ◽  
Demographic Situation ◽  
New Development ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
Total Birth Rate ◽  
Families With Children ◽  
Regions Of Russia

The paper presents a spatial analysis of the components of population dynamics and birth rates in the regions of Russia for the period from the beginning of the 2000s. The dynamics of birth rates for different types of regions is traced: old-developed regions with pronounced depopulation, Northern regions of new development, regions with incomplete demographic transition, including the dynamics of the total birth rate separately for urban and rural populations. It is noted that for regions with an ethnic component, it is necessary to take into account the peculiarities of the settlement pattern of different nationalities. The measures developed by the state to support families with children and increase fertility should take into account the specifics of the demographic situation in the regions.

scholarly journals The Pulsar Birth Rate from the Parkes Multibeam Survey

2004 ◽  
Vol 218 ◽  
pp. 121-122
Author(s):  
N. Vranesevic
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Field Strength ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Selection Effects ◽  
Total Birth ◽  
Current Accounting ◽  
Dipole Magnetic Field ◽  
Total Birth Rate ◽  
Surface Dipole

We report on calculations of the pulsar birth rate based on the results of the Parkes multibeam survey. Prom the observed sample of more than 800 pulsars, we compute the pulsar current, accounting as accurately as possible for all known selection effects. The main goal of this work is to understand the pulsar birth rate as a function of the surface dipole magnetic field strength. We show that pulsars with magnetic fields greater than 1012.5 G account for about half of the total birth rate.

scholarly journals 3.3. ANALYSIS OF FACTORS OF FERTILITY OF POPULATION IN THE REGIONS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION BY THE MODEL OF MODELING

2021 ◽  
pp. 48-55
Author(s):  
А.Б. Берендеева ◽  
О.В. Сизова
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Total Birth ◽  
Total Birth Rate ◽  
Main Tendency ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

Рассмотрена динамика суммарного коэффициента рождаемости в Российской Федерации и факторы рождаемости. Выделено пять групп регионов РФ по уровню суммарного коэффициента рождаемости. На примере пяти регионов-лидеров и пяти регионов-антилидеров проанализировано воздействие на по-казатель рождаемости девяти социально-экономических факторов. Рассмотрена динамика ко-эффициента рождаемости и выявлена основная тен-денция изменения данного показателя. С помощью корреляционно-регрессионного анализа выявлены факторы, оказывающие определяющее воздействие на рождаемость в РФ. Выделены группы факторов по степени влияния на рождаемость населения. The dynamics of the total fertility rate in Russia and fertility factors are considered. Five groups of Russian regions were identified by the level of the total birth rate. Using the example of 5 leading regions and 5 anti-leader regions, we analyzed the impact on the birth rate of 9 socio-economic factors. The dynamics of the birth rate is examined and the main tendency for this indicator to change. Using correlation and re-gression analysis, factors were identified that have a decisive effect on fertility in Russia. Groups of factors are identified by the degree of influence on the birth rate of the population.

scholarly journals Incidence of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency among Swedish Newborn Infants

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Ohlsson ◽  
Rehnholm ◽  
Shubham ◽  
Döbeln
Keyword(s):  
Sanger Sequencing ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Dehydrogenase Deficiency ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Total Birth ◽  
Total Birth Rate ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Blood Spot

Sweden has 10.2 million inhabitants and more than 2.4 million have a foreign background. A substantial number of immigrants come from countries where glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PDD) is frequent. The total birth rate annually in Sweden is approximately 117,000 and newborn screening is centralized to one laboratory. We determined glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity in 10,098 dried blood spot samples (DBS) from the whole country with a fluorometric assay (LabSystems Diagnostics Oy, Finland). The first 5451 samples were anonymised and run as singletons, whilst the following 4647 samples were coded. Enzyme activity ≤40% of the mean of the day was found in 58 samples (1/170) and among these, 29 had activities ≤10% (1/350). Twenty-nine samples with residual activities between 2–39% in the coded cohort were subjected to Sanger sequencing. Disease-causing variants were identified in 26 out of 29 infants, of which six were girls. In three patients, we did not find any disease-causing variants, although two patients were hemizygous for the known polymorphisms c.1311T>C and c.1365-13C>T. The most common disease-causing variant found in 15 of the 29 samples (12 hemizygotes, two heterozygotes, one homozygote) was the Mediterranean mutation, c.563C>T (p.(Ser188Phe)) in exon 6. G6PDD is thus a surprisingly prevalent disorder in Sweden.

scholarly journals The impact of demographic policy on birth rate processes in Ukraine

2011 ◽  
pp. 122-130
Author(s):  
I. Hudzeliak
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Behavior ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Natural Increase ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Total Birth ◽  
Total Birth Rate ◽  
Rate Processes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Demographic Policy

The article analyzes the dynamics of birth rate and natural increase of population of Ukraine in 20– 21th century. The influence of age structure and demographic measures pro-natality policy on birth rate trends today. An comparison was made between regional-level birth rate in 2001 and 2009. The groups of regions were highlighted with the highest rate of change of the total birth rate for the period. Key words: pro-natality policy, the total birth rate, reproductive behavior, the nature of population reproduction.

scholarly journals Perosomus Elumbis in Piglets: Pathological, Radiological and Cytogenetic Findings

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1132
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Piegari ◽  
Emanuele D’Anza ◽  
Dario Costanza ◽  
Francesco Prisco ◽  
Leonardo Meomartino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Rate ◽  
Chromosomal Abnormalities ◽  
Morphological Description ◽  
Epidemiological Investigation ◽  
Total Birth ◽  
Congenital Condition ◽  
Total Birth Rate ◽  
Spinal Cord Level ◽  
Newborn Pigs ◽  
Low Prevalence

Perosomus elumbis (PE) is a rare congenital condition characterized by agenesis of the lumbar, sacral and coccygeal vertebrae. Perosomus elumbis has rarely been reported in literature as morphological description of singles or few cases. Here we report the first extensive description of eight cases of PE detected in two consecutive litters from the same parents of Casertana pig breed. In August 2018, eight piglets were investigated for multiple malformations. All malformed animals, but one, died in the first day of life. The survivor piglet died at 23 days of age. Pathological, radiological and cytogenetic examination was performed. Furthermore, a farm epidemiological investigation was carried out to investigate the percentage of piglets born dead or with malformations in 2018. The radiological and pathological exams showed skeletal abnormalities at the spinal cord level and visceral malformations. Cytogenetic investigations showed a normal chromosome arrangement. Finally, epidemiological investigation revealed a low prevalence of malformations in newborn pigs, equal to 0.5% of the total birth rate of the farm. Our findings report the first extensive description of PE cases in pigs and suggest an underestimation of this malformation in veterinary medicine. Our findings also suggest a specific genetic etiological basis as cause of PE in pigs and exclude chromosomal abnormalities. Further studies will be performed to confirm this hypothesis.

scholarly journals Time-Resolved Measurements and Master Equation Modelling of the Unimolecular Decomposition of CH3OCH2

2020 ◽  
Vol 234 (7-9) ◽  
pp. 1233-1250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arrke J. Eskola ◽  
Mark A. Blitz ◽  
Michael J. Pilling ◽  
Paul W. Seakins ◽  
Robin J. Shannon
Keyword(s):  
Energy Transfer ◽  
Master Equation ◽  
Rate Coefficient ◽  
Zero Point ◽  
Buffer Gas ◽  
Unimolecular Decomposition ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Point Energy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Transfer Parameters

AbstractThe rate coefficient for the unimolecular decomposition of CH3OCH2, k1, has been measured in time-resolved experiments by monitoring the HCHO product. CH3OCH2 was rapidly and cleanly generated by 248 nm excimer photolysis of oxalyl chloride, (ClCO)2, in an excess of CH3OCH3, and an excimer pumped dye laser tuned to 353.16 nm was used to probe HCHO via laser induced fluorescence. k1(T,p) was measured over the ranges: 573–673 K and 0.1–4.3 × 1018 molecule cm−3 with a helium bath gas. In addition, some experiments were carried out with nitrogen as the bath gas. Ab initio calculations on CH3OCH2 decomposition were carried out and a transition-state for decomposition to CH3 and H2CO was identified. This information was used in a master equation rate calculation, using the MESMER code, where the zero-point-energy corrected barrier to reaction, ΔE0,1, and the energy transfer parameters, ⟨ΔEdown⟩ × Tn, were the adjusted parameters to best fit the experimental data, with helium as the buffer gas. The data were combined with earlier measurements by Loucks and Laidler (Can J. Chem.1967, 45, 2767), with dimethyl ether as the third body, reinterpreted using current literature for the rate coefficient for recombination of CH3OCH2. This analysis returned ΔE0,1 = (112.3 ± 0.6) kJ mol−1, and leads to $k_{1}^{\infty}(T)=2.9\times{10^{12}}$ (T/300)2.5 exp(−106.8 kJ mol−1/RT). Using this model, limited experiments with nitrogen as the bath gas allowed N2 energy transfer parameters to be identified and then further MESMER simulations were carried out, where N2 was the buffer gas, to generate k1(T,p) over a wide range of conditions: 300–1000 K and N2 = 1012–1025 molecule cm−3. The resulting k1(T,p) has been parameterized using a Troe-expression, so that they can be readily be incorporated into combustion models. In addition, k1(T,p) has been parametrized using PLOG for the buffer gases, He, CH3OCH3 and N2.

scholarly journals Family and childcare support public expenditures and short-term fertility dynamics

2013 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cosmin Enache
Keyword(s):  
Birth Rate ◽  
Crude Birth Rate ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Public Expenditures ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Support Policy ◽  
Cash Benefits

In a period of very low fertility, effective family and childcare support policy measures are needed. From a wide range of instruments available to government intervention, we focus on public expenditures effects on short-term fertility. Using a sample of 28 European countries in a panel framework, we found that there is a small positive elasticity of crude birth rate to cash benefits related to childbirth and childrearing provided through social security system. Different public services provided to ease the burden of parents and all other benefits in kind, means or non-means tested, are found to be insignificant. These results are robust to alternative methods of estimation. Controlling for country heterogeneity by religion and by culture, some particularly interesting differences in birth rate determinants were highlighted as well.

scholarly journals Disability

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam Murray ◽  
Roger Loveless
Keyword(s):  
Living Standards ◽  
Development Model ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Publicly Funded ◽  
Structural Barriers ◽  
Disability And Health ◽  
Disabled People ◽  
Government Decision ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Disability Support

Disabled people and their whänau have poorer outcomes across a wide range of wellbeing and living standards measures.1 Yet disability analysis does not appear to be well integrated into government decision making on wellbeing. This article builds a framework for understanding disability in a wellbeing context by using the Treasury’s Living Standards Framework and Sophie Mitra’s human development model for disability and health. One of the most important aspects of Mitra’s model is the interaction between resources and structural factors. Structural factors, such as an inaccessible built environment, force disabled people to spend more resources to get the same outcomes as nondisabled people. Publicly funded disability support is essential to counteract these structural factors. We also need to improve the usability of the four capitals for disabled people and their whänau to reduce these structural barriers.

scholarly journals Deciphering Main Climate and Edaphic Components Driving Oat Adaptation to Mediterranean Environments

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco J. Canales ◽  
Gracia Montilla-Bascón ◽  
Luis M. Gallego-Sánchez ◽  
Fernando Flores ◽  
Nicolas Rispail ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Interaction Analysis ◽  
Variation Partitioning ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Edaphic Factors ◽  
Mediterranean Environments ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
Edaphic Variables

Oat, Avena sativa, is an important crop traditionally grown in cool-temperate regions. However, its cultivated area in the Mediterranean rim steadily increased during the last 20 years due to its good adaptation to a wide range of soils. Nevertheless, under Mediterranean cultivation conditions, oats have to face high temperatures and drought episodes that reduce its yield as compared with northern regions. Therefore, oat crop needs to be improved for adaptation to Mediterranean environments. In this work, we investigated the influence of climatic and edaphic variables on a collection of 709 Mediterranean landraces and cultivars growing under Mediterranean conditions. We performed genotype–environment interaction analysis using heritability-adjusted genotype plus genotype–environment biplot analyses to determine the best performing accessions. Further, their local adaptation to different environmental variables and the partial contribution of climate and edaphic factors to the different agronomic traits was determined through canonical correspondence, redundancy analysis, and variation partitioning. Here, we show that northern bred elite cultivars were not among the best performing accessions in Mediterranean environments, with several landraces outyielding these. While all the best performing cultivars had early flowering, this was not the case for all the best performing landraces, which showed different patterns of adaption to Mediterranean agroclimatic conditions. Thus, higher yielding landraces showed adaptation to moderate to low levels of rain during pre- and post-flowering periods and moderate to high temperature and radiation during post-flowering period. This analysis also highlights landraces adapted to more extreme environmental conditions. The study allowed the selection of oat genotypes adapted to different climate and edaphic factors, reducing undesired effect of environmental variables on agronomic traits and highlights the usefulness of variation partitioning for selecting genotypes adapted to specific climate and edaphic conditions.

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