IMMUNE RESPONSE TO CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDES OF STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE IN OVERWEIGHT CHILDREN VACCINATED WITH 13-VALENT CONJUGATE PNEUMOCOCCAL VACCINE

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (6) ◽  
pp. 177-183
Author(s):  
M.P. Kostinov ◽  
◽  
A.A. Dzhumagaziev ◽  
D.A. Bezrukova ◽  
D.V. Raisky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Pneumococcal Vaccination ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Capsular Polysaccharides ◽  
Overweight Children ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Pneumococcal Serotype

Objective of the research: to determine IgG antibodies (AB) to S. pneumoniae serotypes in overweight children after administration of a 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13). Materials and methods: blood serum of 17 children with excess BW (main group) and 40 children with normal BW (control group) aged 3 to 7 years, vaccinated with PCV13 were examined. The method of solid phase ELISA was used for determination of IgG AB levels to a mixture of capsular polysaccharides (CPS) of pneumococcus contained in PCV13 and serotypes 1, 3, 4, 5, 6A, 6B, 7F, 9V, 14, 18C, 19A, 19F, 23F S. pneumoniae, after 6 months after vaccination with PCV13. Results: all children had post-vaccination specific AB to pneumococcal serotypes in the value higher than the negative control. In the main group, the mean values of IgG AB to 5 of 13 S. pneumoniae serotypes 7F, 9V, 18C, 19A, 23F and to the mixture of CPS in the vaccine were higher than in the control group, as well as the proportion of children with high (more than 100 cu) levels of IgG AB to the mixture of PCV13 CPS and to the pneumococcal serotype 18C in comparison with the control. Further study of the immune response to pneumococcal vaccination in children with metabolic disorders is needed.

scholarly journals Erythropoietin level in normal and abnormal human seminal fluid

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 54-59
Author(s):  
D. Yu. Sosnin ◽  
K. R. Galkovich ◽  
A. V. Krivtsov1
Keyword(s):  
Seminal Plasma ◽  
Seminal Fluid ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Human Sperm ◽  
Test System ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Synthesis Of Hormones

Background. There are not enough publications devoted to the study of erythropoietin in human sperm. According to the results of these studies, the erythropoietin takes part in the regulation of spermatogenesis, affecting the synthesis of hormones, in particular steroid ones. Currently, the physiological and pathogenetic effects of erythropoietin on human ejaculate have not been thoroughly studied. In this regard, the study of this protein in the ejaculate in patients with diseases of the male reproductive system, as well as in their absence, is relevant.The study objective is to determine the concentration of erythropoietin in ejaculate samples of healthy and men with oligoastenozoospermia.Materials and methods. Samples of ejaculate of 52 men of reproductive age were examined. The ejaculate was examined using the SQA-V sperm analyzer (MES, Israel). According to the results of the study, two groups were identified: the main group (n = 18) with reduced fertility and the control group (n = 34) with normal spermogram indicators. In seminal plasma samples, the concentration of erythropoietin was determined by solid-phase enzyme immunoassay using the test system “Erythropoietin-IFA-BEST” (A-8776) (Vector-best LLC, Russia).Results. Erythropoietin was detected in all ejaculate samples, the results ranged from 9.37 to 193.95 mME / ml and varied 20.7 times (p = 0.3). The median concentration in the main group was 64.49 mME / ml (41.96; 118.16 mME / ml) and 1.36 times higher than the results of the comparison group, which were 47.16 mME / ml (18.15; 90.94 mME / ml). No statistically significant regularities were found between the concentration of erythropoietin and the indicators of ejaculate fertility (r <|0,3|).Conclusion. In oligoastenozoospermia, there is a tendency to increase the content of erythropoietin in the seminal plasma, which requires further research, taking into account a more detailed stratification of the groups examined for reasons that caused a decrease in the number of spermatozoa.

scholarly journals Uji Efek Analgesik Ekstrak Daun Jarak Pagar (Jatropha Curcas L.) terhadap Tikus Wistar (Rattus Norvegicus)

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oras B.M. Yensenem ◽  
Jane Wuisan ◽  
Henoch Awaloei
Keyword(s):  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Analgesic Effect ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tropical Country ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Jatropha Curcas L

Abstract: Indonesia is a tropical country with the second largest biodiversity in the world after Brazil. Jatropha curcas (Jatropha curcas L.) was believed as a pain reliever (analgesic). This study was aimed to prove the analgesic effect of Jatropha curcas leaf extract on Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus). This was an experimental study using hot stimulus method in the form of temperature of 65°C. Subjects were 15 male Wistar rats divided into 5 groups. Group 1, the negative control group; group 2, the positive control group given paracetamol 40 mg/kgBW; and 3 treatment groups (groups 3, 4, and 5) given Jatropha curcas extract in several doses (300 mg/kgBW, 600 mg/kgBW, and 1200mg/kgBW). Observation of Wistar rat respons (licking and jumping) was performed for 1 minute at minutes -30, 60, 90, and 120 after treatment. The results showed that the mean values of response against heat decreased in accordance to time and reached the lowest values at minute 120, except group 5 (the extract dose of 1200mg/kg BW) which reached the lowest value at minute 90. Overall, the lowest mean value was found in group 4 (the extract dose of 600mg/kg BW). Conclusion: Jatropha curcas (Jatropha curcas L.) leaf extract had an analgesic effect on Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus).Keywords: Jatropha curcas L., Rattus norvegicus, analgesic Abstrak: Indonesia merupakan negara beriklim tropis dengan keaneka ragaman hayati terbesar kedua di dunia setelah Brazil. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek analgesik pemberian ekstrak daun jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas L.) pada tikus Wistar (Rattus norvegicus). Jenis penelitian ini ialah eksperimental dengan mengguna-kan metode rangsang panas berupa suhu 65°C. Subjek penelitian mengunakan hewan uji berupa tikus Wistar (Rattus norvegicus) jantan sebanyak 15 ekor yang dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok, yaitu: Kelompok kontrol negatif; kelompok kontrol positif yang diberikan parasetamol 40 mg/kgBB; dan 3 kelompok perlakuan yang diberikan ekstrak jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas L.), dengan dosis 300 mg/kgBB, 600 mg/kgBB, dan 1200mg/kgBB. Pengamatan terhadap respon tikus Wistar berupa jilat dan lompat dilakukan selama 1 menit pada menit ke-30, 60, 90, dan 120 setelah pemberian ekstrak jarak pagar. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan bahwa terdapat penurunan nilai rerata respons terhadap panas yang sesuai dengan perlangsungan waktu kecuali pada kelompok 5 (dosis ekstrak daun jarak pagar 1200mg/kg BB) yang mencapai nilai terendah pada menit ke-90. Secara keseluruhan, nilai rerata respons yang terendah didapatkan pada kelompok 4 (dosis ekstrak daun jarak pagar 600mg/kg BB) pada menit ke-120. Simpulan: Ekstrak daun jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas L.) memiliki efek analgesik terhadap tikus Wistar (Rattus norvegicus)Kata kunci: Jatropha curcas L., Rattus norvegicus, analgesic

scholarly journals Effects of adhesive drying methods to reduce aerosol generation during resin bonding on enamel bond strength

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammet Kerim Ayar ◽  
Onder Yesil
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Adhesive Systems ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Aerosol Generation ◽  
Air Stream ◽  
Cotton Pellet

ABSTRACTObjectiveIn order to reduce the amount of aerosol during the use of dental adhesives, which are widely used in minimally invasive procedures, the effects of air stream-free adhesive drying methods on the enamel bond strength of resin adhesive systems were evaluated.Materials and MethodsThe four adhesive drying techniques used were an air-stream, a micro-applicator, a cotton pellet and an absorbent paper. Adhesive systems were Single Bond Universal and Optibond All-in-one. The group in which the adhesive was not dried served as the negative control group. Enamel shear bond strength was performed with a universal tester with a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min (n=12). A two-way analysis of variance and the Tukey post-hoc test were used for analysis of the SBS data.ResultsFor both adhesives, drying the adhesive with cotton pellet or micro-applicator provided a SBS mean values similar to air-stream drying, while statistically significantly lower SBS mean values were observed in the negative control group and in the absorbent paper-dry group compared to the air-drying group.ConclusionsDrying the adhesive with micro-applicator and cotton pellets creates less aerosol and thus can be used in the COVID-19 pandemic as it provides enamel bonding strength similar to air drying.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCETo provide safer dental care during COVID-19 pandemic, it is highly recommended to use non-aerosol-generating alternatives, instead of aerosolgenerating dental procedures. In this study, we found that the aerosol generation-free methods for adhesive-drying such as cotton pellet and micro applicator drying methods provide similar enamel bonding with conventional drying method. We think that our findings will contribute to the realization of safer adhesive dentistry practice, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Evaluation of Immunomodulatory activity of Diosgenin in rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 70-75
Author(s):  
Vikram V Nimbalkar ◽  
Urmila E Kadu ◽  
Ravina P Shelke ◽  
Suvarna A Shendge ◽  
Pratiksha N Tupe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Dosage Level ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽  
Phagocytic Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Nonspecific Immunity ◽  
Stimulation Of

Background: The immune system is intrinsic to health. Modulation of the immune responses to alleviate the diseases by using herbal plants has been of interest for many years. Diosgenin, a naturally occurring steroid saponin mainly present in the seeds of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum) and in the root tubers of wild yams (Dioscorea villosa). Activation of specific and nonspecific immunity results in stimulation of immune response. Diosgenin has the positive effects on both specific and nonspecific immunity. Aim: To study the immunomodulatory activity of Diosgenin in albino wistar rats. Method: The suspension of Diosgenin was given orally at the dosage level of 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg for 21 days in a rat. The immunomodulatory activity on specific and non-specific immunity was studied by heamagglutination antibody (HA) titer, delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) response and carbon clearance test.  Immunosuppression in a rat was induced by using Cyclophosphamide (100 mg/kg, p.o.). Sheep red blood cells (SRBCs) were used as antigen (0.1ml 20% SRBCs). Result: Diosgenin exhibited significant increase in the production of antibody titer in response to SRBC antigen. A significant increase in both primary and secondary HA titer was observed in immunosuppressed group treated with Diosgenin when compared with negative control.  A significant increase in the DTH response was observed in immunosuppressed animals treated with Diosgenin, pre-sensitized with SRBCs antigen. Diosgenin exhibited significant increase in phagocytic index against control group, indicating the stimulation of the reticuloendothelial system. Conclusion: The study indicates that Diosgenin triggers stimulatory effect on specific and nonspecific immune response. The immunostimulant effect of Diosgenin could be attributed due to its saponin glycoside.

Hepatoprotective Role of AV/LCP/18 In CCl4 Induced FLKS Syndrome in Commercial Broilerst

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Sonkusale ◽  
Pratik N. Inglepatil ◽  
Siddharth V. Jamadade
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Protein Profile ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Group B

A total of 75 day old broiler chicks were divided into three equal groups. Group A served as negative control. Group B (positive control) and C (treatment group) were intoxicated with oral administration of CCl4 @ 1 ml/kg body weight after every 3rd day during 15-28 days of age. Group C was given AV/LCP/18 @ 0.10 ml / chick / day in drinking water during 29th-42nd day of age. At the end of experiment, significantly (P is less than 0.01) higher mean body weight and lower FCR was observed in treatment group C as compared to positive control group B. Similarly, significantly (P is less than 0.05) decreased levels of SGOT, SGPT, cholesterol, triglycerides, creatinine and higher mean values of serum protein profile along with mild degenerative changes in liver and kidney of broilers in group C were observed as compared to group B indicating therapeutic efficacy of AV/LCP/18 in ameliorating the toxic effects or FLKS induced by CCl4 in commercial broilers

scholarly journals Vaccination with the Chlamydia trachomatis Major Outer Membrane Protein Can Elicit an Immune Response as Protective as That Resulting from Inoculation with Live Bacteria

2005 ◽  
Vol 73 (12) ◽  
pp. 8153-8160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sukumar Pal ◽  
Ellena M. Peterson ◽  
Luis M. de la Maza
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Membrane Protein ◽  
Outer Membrane ◽  
Outer Membrane Protein ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Major Outer Membrane Protein ◽  
Control Group

ABSTRACT BALB/c mice were vaccinated by the intramuscular (i.m.) and subcutaneous (s.c.) routes with a native preparation of the Chlamydia trachomatis mouse pneumonitis (MoPn) major outer membrane protein (MOMP), using Montanide ISA 720 and CpG-1826 as adjuvants. A negative control group was immunized with ovalbumin and the two adjuvants, and a positive control group was immunized intranasally (i.n.) with 104 inclusion-forming units (IFU) of C. trachomatis. Four weeks after the last i.m.-plus-s.c. immunization, mice were challenged in the ovarian bursa with 105 IFU of C. trachomatis MoPn. Six weeks after the genital challenge, animals were mated, and the pregnancies were monitored. After vaccination with MOMP, the mice developed strong Chlamydia-specific humoral and cellular immune responses. Following the genital challenge, of the mice vaccinated with the MOMP, only 15% (3/20) had positive vaginal cultures, while 85% (17/20) of the animals immunized with ovalbumin had positive cultures over the 6 weeks of observation (P < 0.05). Also, only 14% (3/21) of the animals inoculated i.n. with Chlamydia had positive vaginal cultures. After mating, 75% (15/20) of the mice vaccinated with MOMP carried embryos in both uterine horns. Of the animals vaccinated i.n. with the Chlamydia, 81% (17/21) had embryos in both uterine horns (P > 0.05). In contrast, only 10% (2/20) of the mice immunized with ovalbumin had embryos in both uterine horns (P < 0.05). In conclusion, immunization with a purified preparation of the MOMP is as effective as vaccination with viable C. trachomatis in eliciting a protective immune response against a genital challenge in mice.

scholarly journals The Specific Immune Response after Vaccination against Neonatal Calf Diarrhoea Differs between Apparent Similar Vaccines in a Case Study

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1238
Author(s):  
Román Gonzalez ◽  
Laura Elvira ◽  
Carlos Carbonell ◽  
Geert Vertenten ◽  
Lorenzo Fraile
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Calf Serum ◽  
Group Versus ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Specific Immune Response ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Neonatal Calf ◽  
Calf Diarrhoea

Neonatal calf diarrhoea (NCD) is a major health challenge with a negative impact on farm profitability, calf welfare and antimicrobial use. Neonatal calves are particularly sensitive to enteric infections. Thus, a key point for prevention is minimising infectious pressure and maximising specific immune responses. An amount of 120 dams not previously vaccinated against NCD were randomly allocated to one of three study groups: negative control versus two vaccinated groups (A and B). In the control group, the average level of antibodies was significantly low for both BoCV and ETEC (15.6 and 13.9% in the colostrum samples, respectively), demonstrating the importance of dam vaccination. Indeed, the level of specific immunity was significantly increased for BoCV and ETEC with dam vaccination using both one-shot vaccines versus the control group. Moreover, the statistical analysis revealed a significantly higher level of antibodies for BoCV and ETEC in colostrum samples in vaccine A versus vaccine B and the control group. In accordance, the calf serum demonstrated a significantly higher level and greater homogeneity of antibodies against BoCV and ETEC in the Vaccine A group versus other experimental groups (p < 0.05). In conclusion, this study demonstrated a different specific immune response for the pathogens depending on the vaccine used to control NCD in cows.

scholarly journals Dentin Bond Integrity of Filled and Unfilled Resin Adhesive Enhanced with Silica Nanoparticles—An SEM, EDX, Micro-Raman, FTIR and Micro-Tensile Bond Strength Study

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1093
Author(s):  
Aasem M. Alhenaki ◽  
Esra A. Attar ◽  
Abdullah Alshahrani ◽  
Imran Farooq ◽  
Fahim Vohra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Bond Strength ◽  
Silica Nanoparticles ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Tensile Bond Strength ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Micro Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Dentin Adhesive

The objective of this study was to synthesize and assess unfilled and filled (silica nanoparticles) dentin adhesive polymer. Methods encompassing scanning electron microscopy (SEM)—namely, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), micro-tensile bond strength (µTBS) test, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and micro-Raman spectroscopy—were utilized to investigate Si particles’ shape and incorporation, dentin bond toughness, degree of conversion (DC), and adhesive–dentin interaction. The Si particles were incorporated in the experimental adhesive (EA) at 0, 5, 10, and 15 wt. % to yield Si-EA-0% (negative control group), Si-EA-5%, Si-EA-10%, and Si-EA-15% groups, respectively. Teeth were set to form bonded samples using adhesives in four groups for µTBS testing, with and without aging. Si particles were spherical shaped and resin tags having standard penetrations were detected on SEM micrographs. The EDX analysis confirmed the occurrence of Si in the adhesive groups (maximum in the Si-EA-15% group). Micro-Raman spectroscopy revealed the presence of characteristic peaks at 638, 802, and 1300 cm−1 for the Si particles. The µTBS test revealed the highest mean values for Si-EA-15% followed by Si-EA-10%. The greatest DC was appreciated for the control group trailed by the Si-EA-5% group. The addition of Si particles of 15 and 10 wt. % in dentin adhesive showed improved bond strength. The addition of 15 wt. % resulted in a bond strength that was superior to all other groups. The Si-EA-15% group demonstrated acceptable DC, suitable dentin interaction, and resin tag formation.

scholarly journals TonB-dependent receptor epitopes expressed in M. bovis BCG induced significant protection in the hamster model of leptospirosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Everton Burlamarque Bettin ◽  
Jessica Dorneles ◽  
Amanda Silva Hecktheuer ◽  
Andriele Bonemann Madruga ◽  
Amilton Clair Pinto Seixas Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Outer Membrane Proteins ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Chimeric Protein ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hamster Model ◽  
Universal Vaccine ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Recombinant Bcg

Abstract Leptospirosis is an emerging infectious disease caused by pathogenic Leptospira spp. A universal vaccine against leptospirosis is likely to require highly conserved epitopes from pathogenic leptospires, that are exposed on the bacterial surface, and that generate a protective and sterilizing immune response. Our group recently identified several genes predicted to encode TonB-dependent receptors (TBDR) in Leptospira interrogans using a reverse vaccinology approach. Three leptospiral TBDRs were previously described and partially characterized as ferric-citrate, hemin, and cobalamin transporters. In the current study, we designed a fusion protein composed of predicted surface-exposed epitopes from three conserved leptospiral TBDRs. Based on their three-dimensional structural models and the prediction of immunogenic regions, nine putative surface-exposed fragments were selected to compose a recombinant chimeric protein. A Mycobacterium bovis BCG strain expressing this chimeric antigen encoded in the pUP500/PpAN mycobacterial expression vector was used to immunize Syrian hamsters. All animals (20/20) vaccinated with recombinant BCG survived infection with a endpoint dose of L. interrogans (P < 0.001). No animal survived in the negative control group. Immunization with our recombinant BCG elicited a humoral immune response against leptospiral TBDRs, as demonstrated by ELISA and immunoblot. No leptospiral DNA was detected by lipL32 qPCR in the kidneys of vaccinated hamsters. Similarly, no growth was observed in macerated kidney cultures from the same animals, suggesting the induction of a sterilizing immune response. Design of new vaccine antigens based on the structure of outer membrane proteins is a promising approach to overcome the impact of leptospirosis by vaccination.

Selection, characterisation and evaluation of potential probiotic Lactobacillus spp. isolated from poultry droppings

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Asghar ◽  
M. Arif ◽  
M. Nawaz ◽  
K. Muhammad ◽  
M.A. Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Poultry Droppings

Aim of the present study was to characterise and evaluate probiotic potential of lactobacilli isolated from indigenous poultry. Lactobacilli were isolated from poultry droppings and identified by genus specific polymerase chain reaction and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Isolates were characterised in vitro by their ability to tolerate low pH and bile salts, phytase activity, antimicrobial activity, antibiotic susceptibility profile, and autoaggregation and coaggregation with poultry gut pathogens. In vivo evaluation of selected isolates was done by their effect on the body weight gain and immune response of broiler chicks. Total of 90, one-day old chicks, were randomly divided in 9 groups and given selected lactobacilli alone and in combinations (108 cfu/bird, daily) from day 7 to day 35. Body weight gain and humoral immune response to New Castle Disease Virus (NDV) vaccine were determined weekly. Three lactobacilli isolates (SMP52, SMP64 and SMP70) were selected as potentially probiotic bacteria on the basis of in vitro characterisation and identified as Lactobacillus crispatus, Lactobacillus casei and L. crispatus, respectively. Chicks supplemented with ‘SMP52’, ‘SMP64’, ‘SMP70’ and ‘SMP64+SMP70’ and a commercial probiotic product (Protexin) showed significantly higher mean weight gain per bird (1,584±35.2, 1,629±30.6, 1,668±34.7, 1,619±29.5 and 1,576±31.7 g/bird, respectively) as compared to negative control group (1,394±26.7 g/bird), on day 35. SMP 70 also showed significantly higher geometric mean titre against NDV vaccine at day 21 as compared to negative control. It is concluded that L. crispatus SMP52, L. casei SMP64 and L. crispatus SMP70 are potential probiotic candidates which alone or in different combinations may increase body weight of broilers.

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