scholarly journals Effect of Season and Parity on Reproduction Performance of Iberian Sows Bred with Duroc Semen

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3275
Author(s):  
Javier Piñán ◽  
Beatriz Alegre ◽  
Roy N. Kirkwood ◽  
Cristina Soriano-Úbeda ◽  
Magdalena Maj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Length Change ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Seasonal Effects ◽  
Seasonal Effect ◽  
Maximum Daily Temperature ◽  
Linear Mixed Effects ◽  
Intensive Farming ◽  
Iberian Pig ◽  
Lower Fertility

The Iberian pig is an autochthonous breed from the Iberian Peninsula highly valued for its meat. The sows are often bred as Iberian × Duroc crossings for increased efficiency. Since sow parity and season affect the reproductive performance, we evaluated two-year records from a commercial farrow-to-finish farm (live, stillborn, and mummified piglets after artificial insemination, AI). A total of 1293 Iberian sows were inseminated with semen from 57 boars (3024 AI). The effects of parity (gilts, 1, 2–4, 5–10, and >10 farrowings) and season were analyzed by linear mixed-effects models (LME). The data were fitted to cosinor models to investigate seasonal effects within parity groups. The effects of maximum daily temperature (MDT) and day length change (DLC) during spermatogenesis, pre-AI, and post-AI periods were analyzed with LME. The 2–4 group was the optimal one for parity. A seasonal effect was evident between spring–summer (lower fertility/prolificacy) and autumn–winter (higher). Cosinor showed that the seasonal drop in reproductive performance occurs earlier in Iberian sows than in other breeds, more evident in gilts. MDT negatively affected performance in all periods and DLC in spermatogenesis and pre-AI. These results are relevant for the improvement of Iberian sows’ intensive farming.

scholarly journals The Suinfort® Semen Supplement Counters Seasonal Infertility in Iberian Sows

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3176
Author(s):  
Javier Piñán ◽  
Felipe Martinez-Pastor ◽  
Beatriz Alegre ◽  
Magdalena Maj ◽  
Roy N. Kirkwood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Seasonal Effect ◽  
Lower Fertility ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Seasonal Infertility

Suinfort®, a commercial semen supplement demonstrated to increase fertility and litter size in commercial sows, was tested to improve reproductive performance in Iberian sows. A total of 1430 Iberian sows were artificially inseminated (AI) with semen from Duroc boars and assigned by parity to receive the seminal additive Suinfort® containing 2 IU oxytocin, 5 µg lecirelin, and 2 mM caffeine (SF; n = 1713 AI), or to serve as non-supplemented controls (CON; n = 2625 AI). CON showed a lower fertility comparing to winter for spring (p = 0.001) and summer (p < 0.001); summer was lower than autumn (p = 0.012). SF removed this seasonal effect (p > 0.05). Fertility was significantly higher for SF sows during summer (p = 0.025) and autumn (p = 0.004). Total born, live-born, stillborn, and mummified piglets did not differ between CON and SF but were impacted by the season, with total and live-born decreasing in summer compared with autumn (p < 0.001) and winter (p = 0.005). In conclusion, seminal supplementation with Suinfort® improved the fertility of Iberian sows during periods of seasonal infertility.

Comparison of lactational responses of dairy cows in Georgia and Israel to heat load and photoperiod

2002 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Aharoni ◽  
O. Ravagnolo ◽  
I. Misztal
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Heat Load ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Seasonal Effects ◽  
Good Match ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Daily Change ◽  
Positive Effect

AbstractThe seasonal effects of heat load and photoperiod on yield and composition of milk from primiparous cows in the course of lactation were studied using test day records from 8968 primiparous cows on 76 farms in Georgia, collected from 1990 through 1997. The effect of prepartum photoperiod on milk production in the subsequent lactation of these cows was also evaluated. These estimated seasonal effects were compared with those estimated for 4728 primiparous cows on 13 farms, and for 1538 multiparous cows on three farms during consecutive lactations in Israel from 1994 through 1996. During lactation, the day length had a positive effect on milk yield and negative effects on fat and protein concentrations in the milk, but the daily change in day length had positive effects on milk yield and fat concentration, and a smaller positive effect on protein concentration. The day length during the prepartum period had negative effects on milk yield and fat and protein concentrations. The heat load during lactation had negative effects on milk yield and fat and protein concentrations. Most of the effects were highly (P < 0·001) significant. There was a very good match between the results obtained for primiparous cows in Georgia and Israel, for the combined effects of heat load and photoperiod during lactation on milk yield and protein and fat concentrations. The match between primiparous and multiparous cows in Israel was better for milk yield and protein concentration than for fat concentration. The estimated effects of pre-partum photoperiod were higher for multiparous cows in Israel than for primiparous cows in either country.

Effects of heat load and photoperiod on milk yield and composition in three dairy herds in Israel

1999 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Aharoni ◽  
A. Brosh ◽  
E. Ezra
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Heat Load ◽  
Peak Effect ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Seasonal Effects ◽  
Lactation Performance ◽  
Annual Fluctuation ◽  
Load Effect ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Heat Load Index

AbstractEffects of heat load and of photoperiod on lactation performance were evaluated using milk test data of three Israeli Holstein herds over a period of 3 years, from 1994 to 1996. All together 2209 cows, with 28029 milk records, were included. Photoperiod effects were examined as associated with day length and daily changes in day length and heat load index was formulated as a function of the seasonal day and night ambient temperatures, to account for the heat load effect. The regression model included effects of cow, herd, year, lactation number and days in milk in addition to the seasonal effects. The dependent variables were milk yield and fat, protein and lactose concentrations. Milk yield was affected by both photoperiod and heat load, with the peak photoperiod effect in May and amplitude of 3·1 (s.d. 0·9) kg/day and negative heat load effect of-1-8 (s.d. 0·4) kg/day at its peak. Protein concentration was affected by photoperiod, with the peak effect in January (amplitude of 1·7 (s.e. 0·5) g/kg) but not by heat load (-0-2 (s.d. 0·6) glkg). Fat concentration was affected primarily by heat load (-3-4 (s.d. 0·7) g/kg), with a photoperiod effect which peaked in October (amplitude of 1·8 (s.d. 0·8) g/kg). Lactose concentration was affected by both environmental factors to a lesser extent (photoperiod amplitude of 0·6 (s.d. 0·2) g/kg and heat load effect of-0-03 (s.d. 0·16) g/kg). Comparison of the predicted seasonal effects on milk yield and composition with the annual fluctuation in the national herd showed a good match of the predicted effects with the national observations. It is concluded that while heat load relief may be beneficial, manipulation of the photoperiod may induce adverse effects on milk yield and composition.

scholarly journals Seasonal variation of femoral fractures in the state of São Paulo, Southeast Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mônica Marin de Souza ◽  
Eniuce Menezes de Souza ◽  
Altacílio Aparecido Nunes ◽  
Edson Zangiacomi Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Femoral Fractures ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
Seasonal Effects ◽  
Seasonal Effect ◽  
Consecutive Series ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Female Population

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of seasonality on femoral fracture incidence among people residing in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: Ecological study based on a consecutive series of 216,348 reports of hospital admissions caused by femoral fractures. A Bayesian statistical model was used for time series analysis, considering the monthly average number of events of femoral fractures per day as a dependent variable. RESULTS: Among the female population, significant seasonal effects were observed only for older women, aged 60 years or more. Among younger men (aged less than 20 years) there is not a clear seasonal effect, but among the other age groups there seems to exist a higher number of cases of femoral fractures during the coldest months of the year. CONCLUSIONS: In general, more cases of fractures occur during the coldest months of the year; however, men and women have different patterns of incidence according to each age group.

THE SEASONAL EFFECTS ON IMF CONTENT OF FAS mRNA EXPRESION IN MUSCLES OF MONGOLIAN SHEEP

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (02) ◽  
pp. 43-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erkigul B ◽  
Gerelt B ◽  
Damdinsuren L
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Seasonal Effects ◽  
Seasonal Effect ◽  
Triceps Brachii ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fas Mrna ◽  
Mongolian Sheep ◽  
Imf Content

This survey’s aim was to investigate the seasonal effect of Fatty acid synthesis (FAS) expression on intramuscular fat (IMF) content in grazing Mongolian, Ujumqin and grain-fed Ujumqin sheep. Different skeletal muscles of sheep (biceps femoris, longissimus dorsi and triceps brachii) were sampled to measure IMF content and total RNA was extracted to determine FAS mRNA expression levels by real-time PCR. The result revealed that: (1) The difference in IMF content in the muscles of Mongolian sheep grazed in summer was observed to be much higher than sheep grazed in winter (p<0.01). Also there was significant difference in IMF content in the muscles of Ujumqin sheep grazed in summer than winter (p<0.05). The mRNA expression level of FAS in muscles of winter grazing Mongolian sheep was significantly higher than summer (p<0.05). The seasonal effects on IMF content in the muscles and it’s FAS mRNA gene expression was all negative correlated between the sheep breeds. Accordingly, grazing Mongolian sheep’s FAS gene expression level was very high negatively correlated (r=-0.964). This study suggested that grazing Mongolian and Ujumqin sheep able to store large amount of IMF under depends on seasonal effects.

Latitudinal and seasonal effects on growth of the Australian eastern king prawn (Melicertus plebejus)

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (9) ◽  
pp. 1525-1538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke R. Lloyd-Jones ◽  
You-Gan Wang ◽  
Anthony J. Courtney ◽  
Andrew J. Prosser ◽  
Steven S. Montgomery
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Shape Parameter ◽  
New South ◽  
Seasonal Effects ◽  
Seasonal Effect ◽  
Model Framework ◽  
Mark Recapture ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Latitudinal Effect

The growth of the Australian eastern king prawn ( Melicertus plebejus ) is understood in greater detail by quantifying the latitudinal effect. The latitudinal effect is the change in the species’ growth rate during migration. Mark–recapture data (N = 1635, latitude 22.21°S–34.00°S) presents northerly movement of the eastern king prawn, with New South Wales prawns showing substantial average movement of 140 km (standard deviation: 176 km) north. A generalized von Bertalanffy growth model framework is used to incorporate the latitudinal effect together with the canonical seasonal effect. Applying this method to eastern king prawn mark–recapture data guarantees consistent estimates for the latitudinal and seasonal effects. For M. plebejus, it was found that growth rate peaks on 25 and 29 January for males and females, respectively; is at a minimum on 27 and 31 July, respectively; and that the shape parameter, k (per year), changes by –0.0236 and –0.0556 every 1 degree of latitude south increase for males and females, respectively.

Breed and environmental factors affecting the reconception of indigenous beef cows in Botswana

1982 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-420
Author(s):  
N. G. Buck ◽  
D. Light
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
The Other ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Management Interventions ◽  
Lower Fertility ◽  
Main Effects

ABSTRACTThe breeding records of 2710 lactating cows, of the Africander (1208), Tswana (542) and Tuli (960) breeds, were analysed to examine the effects of breed and environment on reconception. The reconception rate of Africander cows (0·56) was significantly lower than that of Tswana and Tuli cows (0·80 and 0·81 respectively) (P<0·01). The environmental effects of ranch, calving year, calving period and age/parity all had significant effects on reconception (P<0·01). Interactions between breed and the other main effects were all significant.The Africander is considered to be a breed of lower fertility than the other two Sanga breeds, the Tswana and Tuli, in Botswana. The results are discussed with respect to determining management interventions to improve cow reproductive performance.

Inhibition of hibernation by exercise is not affected by intergeniculate leaflets lesion in hamsters

2003 ◽  
Vol 285 (3) ◽  
pp. R690-R700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jérôme S. Menet ◽  
Patrick Vuillez ◽  
Michel Saboureau ◽  
Paul Pévet
Keyword(s):  
Wheel Running ◽  
Length Change ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Suprachiasmatic Nuclei ◽  
Running Activity ◽  
Dependent Behavior ◽  
Testicular Regression ◽  
Wheel Running Activity

The circadian clock of mammals, located in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the hypothalamus, has been demonstrated to integrate day length change from long (LP) to short photoperiod (SP). This photoperiodic change induces in Syrian hamsters a testicular regression through melatonin action, a phenomenon that is inhibited when hamsters have free access to a wheel. The intergeniculate leaflets (IGL), which modulate the integration of photoperiod by the SCN, are a key structure in the circadian system, conveying nonphotic information such as those induced by novelty-induced wheel running activity. We tested in hamsters transferred from LP to a cold SP the effects of wheel running activity on a photoperiod-dependent behavior, hibernation. Lesions of the IGL were done to test the role of this structure in the inhibition induced by exercise of photoperiod integration by the clock. We show that wheel running activity actually inhibits hibernation not only in sham-operated animals, but also in hamsters with a bilateral IGL lesion (IGLX). In contrast, IGL-X hamsters without a wheel integrate slower to the SP but hibernate earlier compared with sham-operated animals. Moreover, some hibernation characteristics are affected by IGL lesion. Throughout the experiment at 7°C, IGL-X hamsters were in hypothermia during 18% of the experiment vs. 32% for sham-operated hamsters. Taken together, these data show that the IGL play a modulatory role in the integration of photoperiodic cues and modulate hibernation, but they are not implicated in the inhibition of hibernation induced by wheel running activity.

Studies in ovine fertility in agricultural regions of Western Australia : ovulation rate, fertility and lambing performance

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 189 ◽  
Author(s):  
DR Lindsay ◽  
TW Knight ◽  
JF Smith ◽  
CM Oldham
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Multiple Ovulation ◽  
Agricultural Regions

A total of 29,500 ewes, of which 2049 were laparotomized, in 53 flocks were used to determine the extent by which variations in body weight and age of the ewes and the temperature and day length about the time of mating were associated with the number of ovulations per 100 ewes (ovulation rate) and reproductive performance of sheep in south Western Australia. Overall there were only 113.7?2.2 ovulations per 100 ewes in the flocks studied. Less than 3% of the ewes failed to ovulate, so that in general differences between flocks were due to differences in the rate of multiple ovulation. Flocks with high ovulation rates produced more lambs per 100 ewes. There were about six extra lambs per 100 ewes for every 10% increase in the ovulation rate. About 40% of these extra lambs were due to extra twins; the remainder were due to more ewes lambing. Both age and body weight of the ewes were significantly correlated with ovulation rate (r = 0.41, P < 0.01 and r = 0.42, P < 0.01, respectively) and all the parameters of reproduction studied. Each 5 kg difference in body weight was associated with 5.9 extra ovulations per 100 ewes (P < 0.01).

11 SEASONAL EFFECT ON PREGNANCY RATES AND EARLY EMBRYONIC MORTALITY IN PLURIPAROUS MEDITERRANEAN BUFFALOES (BUBALUS BUBALIS) FOLLOWING ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION WITH SEXED SEMEN

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
D. Vecchio ◽  
G. Neglia ◽  
A. Bella ◽  
P. Rossi ◽  
E. M. Senatore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Concentration ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Embryonic Mortality ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Seasonal Effect ◽  
Significant Variable ◽  
Individual Values ◽  
Combining Data ◽  
Sexed Semen ◽  
In Pregnancy

Recently, the inclusion of sexed semen technology under field conditions in Mediterranean buffalo heifers has already proved feasible, resulting in pregnancy rates similar to what is ordinarily achieved with conventional nonsexed semen. A seasonal species within the latitudes currently reared in Italy, buffaloes tend to perform better reproductively during the period of the year of decreasing day length. In this study, sexed and nonsexed semen from four bulls has been used in two farms in the south of Italy. Following Ovsynch synchronization, 152 pluriparous buffaloes selected after screening for good general and reproductive health were subjected to AI in two periods of the year: (1) September to October and (2) January to February. Sexed and nonsexed semen was randomly used via AI with a total concentration of 2 × 106 and 20 × 106 spermatozoa per single straw, respectively. Pearson's chi-square test and Fisher's exact test were used for evaluation of data. Neither a bull nor farm effect on pregnancy rates was detected and therefore data for these two variables were pooled. Overall, combining the data from the two periods investigated, the use of sexed semen resulted in pregnancy rates at 28 days following AI similar to the use of nonsexed semen: 50/79; 63.2% vs 44/73; 60.2% (P = 0.70), respectively. Confirmation of pregnancy at 45 days post-AI also resulted in similar rates for both sexed and nonsexed semen: 49.3% vs 45.2% (P = 0.60), respectively. When individually considering each of the two periods investigated, the use of sexed semen in the months of September to October gave pregnancy rates at 28 days post-AI similar to nonsexed semen: 54.5% vs 56% (P = 0.88) and similarly at 45 days post-AI: 45.4% vs 48.7% (P = 0.75). A similar trend was observed in the months of January to February at 28 days post-AI for sexed and nonsexed semen: 74.2% vs 65.6% (P = 0.43) and similarly at 45 days post-AI: 54.2% vs 40.6% (P = 0.26). The use of sexed semen did not influence the pattern of late embryonic mortality (LEM) checked at 45 days post AI, whereas the season was a significant variable affecting LEM. In fact, when combining data for both sexed and nonsexed semen, LEM rate was found to be higher (P = 0.05) during the months of January to February (15/47; 31.9%), with the following individual values for sexed semen 7/26 (26.9%) and nonsexed semen 8/21 (38.1%), when compared with LEM rate during the months of September to October (7/47; 14.8%), with the following individual values for sexed semen 4/24 (16.6%) and nonsexed semen 3/23 (13.0%). In conclusion, although pregnancy rates were reported to be higher in the months of January to February when compared with the months of September to October, the former months seemed to affect more profoundly LEM for both sexed and nonsexed semen.

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