scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Bacterial Isolates from Neonatal Sepsis Patients at University Hospital of Leipzig, Germany

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 323
Author(s):  
Belay Tessema ◽  
Norman Lippmann ◽  
Matthias Knüpfer ◽  
Ulrich Sack ◽  
Brigitte König
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

Neonatal sepsis caused by resistant bacteria is a worldwide concern due to the associated high mortality and increased hospitals costs. Bacterial pathogens causing neonatal sepsis and their antibiotic resistance patterns vary among hospital settings and at different points in time. This study aimed to determine the antibiotic resistance patterns of pathogens causing neonatal sepsis and to assess trends in antibiotic resistance. The study was conducted among neonates with culture proven sepsis at the University Hospital of Leipzig between November 2012 and September 2020. Blood culture was performed by BacT/ALERT 3D system. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done with broth microdilution method based on ISO 20776-1 guideline. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 20 software. From 134 isolates, 99 (74%) were gram positive bacteria. The most common gram positive and gram negative bacteria were S. epidermidis, 51 (38%) and E. coli, 23 (17%), respectively. S. epidermidis showed the highest resistance to penicillin G and roxithromycin (90% each) followed by cefotaxime, cefuroxime, imipenem, oxacillin, and piperacillin-tazobactam (88% each), ampicillin-sulbactam (87%), meropenem (86%), and gentamicin (59%). Moreover, S. epidermidis showed raising levels of resistance to amikacin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and cotrimoxazol. Gram positive bacteria showed less or no resistance to daptomycin, linezolid, teicoplanin, and vancomycin. E. coli showed the highest resistance to ampicillin (74%) followed by ampicillin-sulbactam (52%) and piperacillin (48%). Furthermore, increasing levels in resistance to ampicillin, ampicillin-sulbactam, piperacillin, and cefuroxime were observed over the years. Encouragingly, E. coli showed significantly declining trends of resistance to ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin, and no resistance to amikacin, colistin, fosfomycin, gentamicin, imipenem, piperacillin-tazobactam, and tobramycin. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that gram positive bacteria were the leading causes of neonatal sepsis. Bacterial isolates were highly resistant to first and second-line empiric antibiotics used in this hospital. The high levels of antibiotic resistance patterns highlight the need for modifying empiric treatment regimens considering the most effective antibiotics. Periodic surveillance in hospital settings to monitor changes in pathogens, and antibiotic resistance patterns is crucial in order to implement optimal prevention and treatment strategies.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Diverse Escherichia coli Phylogenetic Groups Isolated from the Al-Hillah River in Babylon Province, Iraq

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mourouge Saadi Alwash ◽  
Hawraa Mohammed Al-Rafyai
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressures ◽  
Phylogenetic Groups ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

Surface water contamination remains a major worldwide public health concern and may contribute to the dissemination of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The Al-Hillah River in the city of Babylon Province, Iraq, diverts flows from the Euphrates River. Because of its importance in irrigation and population density, it faces several forced and unforced changes due to anthropogenic activities. To evaluate water quality, water samples were collected from three sites with different anthropogenic pressures along the Al-Hillah River. These samples were subjected to bacteriological analyses, i.e., total coliforms, Escherichia coli, and faecal enterococci. The phylogenetic groups of the E. coli isolates (n = 61) were typed by rapid PCR-based analyses. Representatives of each isolate were tested phenotypically for resistance to six classes of antibiotics and characterized according to their phylogenetic groups. The results demonstrated the highest resistance levels were to β-lactam antibiotics, followed by fosfomycin and aminoglycosides. Escherichia coli isolates belonging to phylogenetic groups A and B2 were the most common and were characterized by a higher prevalence of antibiotic resistance. This study is important for understanding the current conditions of the Al-Hillah River, as the data reveal a high prevalence of multiresistance among E. coli isolates circulating at the three sampling sites.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance Patterns in a University Hospital in Al-Kharj City

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Nehad J. Ahmed ◽  
Mohd F. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

Introduction: Antibiotics are medications that are used to kill a bacterium which causes different infections. The misuse of these medications has contributed to the development of bacterial resistance. In order to predict the efficacy of the antimicrobial drugs and to guide antimicrobial therapy, antibiogram should be used. Objective: This study aims to explore the Antibiotic resistance patterns in a university hospital in AL-kharj city. Methods: Data from a university hospital in Al-Kharj city were used to assess the in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility rates for different types of bacteria. We included all bacterial and fungal cultures in the last 2 years. Results: The most common bacterium was E. coli and the most common fungus pathogen was Candida albicans. There was a low resistance rate to gentamicin, imipenem, meropenem and amikacin for the studied bacteria pathogens and high resistance rate for some antibiotics such as erythromycin, tetracycline and ampicillin. Conclusion: The physicians should follow the treatment guidelines and they should know the susceptibility rate of different bacteria to prescribe antibiotics appropriately.

scholarly journals Antibiotic resistance patterns of Escherichia coli in migrants vs non-migrants: a study of 14 561 urine samples

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise B Sloth ◽  
Rikke T Nielsen ◽  
Christian Østergaard ◽  
Laura B Nellums ◽  
Sally Hargreaves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Individual Treatment ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Sample Testing ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

Abstract Background To investigate the distribution of urine isolates and antibiotic resistance patterns in the predominant uropathogen Escherichia coli in migrant and non-migrant individuals. Methods We linked a cohort consisting of all migrants obtaining residence as refugees or family-reunited migrants in Denmark between January 1993 and December 2015 to hospital urine samples examined from January 2000 to December 2015 at the Department of Microbiology, University Hospital Hvidovre, Denmark. Samples from non-migrant individuals, Danish-born from Danish parents, were included as comparison. Analysis was carried out using multivariate logistic regression. Results There were 14 561 first-time urine samples included, with E. coli being the most prevalent bacterial pathogen. Of the identified isolates, 4686/11 737 were E. coli among non-migrants and 1032/2824 among migrants. Sulfamethoxazol–Trimethoprim (SXT) resistance was found in 34.3% (350/1020) of E. coli isolates among migrants and 23.2% (1070/4619) among non-migrant patients [odds ratio (OR) 1.73, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.47–2.03]. Ciprofloxacin resistance was found in 5.8% (36/618) of isolates among migrants and 2.2% (67/3092) among non-migrants (OR 2.20, 95% CI: 1.37–3.53). Gentamicin (GEN) resistance was seen in 10.8% (61/565) and 4.7% (110/2328) of isolates (OR 2.33, 95% CI:1.63–3.34), Cefuroxime resistance in 8.5% (87/1019) and 3.4% (158/4618) (OR 2.40, 95% CI:1.77–3.24), Ampicillin (AMP) resistance in 51.4% and 40.8% (OR 1.65, 95% CI: 1.42–1.92) and Piperacillin–Tazobactam resistance in 6.9% (30/432) and 4.2% (65/1532) for migrant and non-migrant patients, respectively. When stratifying according to migrant status, family-reunited had higher odds of resistance than refugees for SXT, GEN and AMP. Conclusions Prevalence of antibiotic resistance was significantly higher in E. coli isolates among migrants, both refugees and family-reunited, than non-migrant patients. Differences could not be explained by comorbidity or income. The results emphasize the importance of urine sample testing in both local-born and migrants before antibiotic start-up and point to the benefit of considering migration to secure individual treatment and equal health outcomes.

scholarly journals Escherichia coli Antibiotic Resistance Patterns from Co-Grazing and Non-Co-Grazing Livestock and Wildlife Species from Two Farms in the Western Cape, South Africa

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 618
Author(s):  
Michaela Sannettha van den Honert ◽  
Pieter Andries Gouws ◽  
Louwrens Christiaan Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Wildlife Species ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns ◽  
Grazing Livestock

Although limited, studies have found conflicting results on whether co-grazing results in significant antibiotic resistance transfer between species. This type of farming system can act as a vector in the geographical spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the environment. The aim of this study was to determine the antibiotic-resistant patterns between co-grazing and non-co-grazing livestock and wildlife species in South Africa. Escherichia coli was isolated from the faeces of various wildlife and livestock species from two farms in South Africa and was tested for antibiotic resistance using the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method against chloramphenicol, nalidixic acid, ampicillin, streptomycin, sulphafurazole, and tetracycline. A selection of some common antibiotic-resistant genes (blaCMY, aadA1, sul1, sul2, tetA, and tetB) were detected using PCR. The E. coli isolates from wildlife and livestock that co-grazed showed no significant differences in antibiotic resistance patterns. However, this was not the case for tetracycline resistance as the livestock isolates were significantly more resistant than the co-grazing wildlife isolates. The E. coli isolates from the non-co-grazing livestock and wildlife had significant differences in their antibiotic susceptibility patterns; the wildlife E. coli isolates were significantly more resistant to sulphafurazole and streptomycin than the livestock isolates, whilst those isolated from the cattle were significantly more resistant to ampicillin than the wildlife and sheep isolates. The results of this study suggest that there could be an exchange of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and genes between livestock and wildlife that co-graze.

scholarly journals Microbial Load and Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis Isolates from the Meat of Wild and Domestic Pigeons

Foods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Cordero ◽  
Carlos Alonso-Calleja ◽  
Camino García-Fernández ◽  
Rosa Capita
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Microbial Load ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns ◽  
Domestic Pigeons

An expansion in the consumption of pigeon meat has occurred in recent years. However, little is known about microbial load and antibiotic resistance of this foodstuff. The hygiene status and the antibiotic resistance patterns (disc diffusion; Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, CLSI) of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis isolates from wild and domestic pigeon carcasses were investigated. Average microbial loads (log10 cfu/cm2) ranged from 1.40 ± 1.17 (fecal coliforms) to 3.68 ± 1.40 (psychrotrophs). The highest (p < 0.05) microbial loads were observed in domestic pigeons. No substantial differences were found between isolates from domestic and wild pigeons with regard to the prevalence of antibiotic resistance. Of the E. coli strains, 20.00% were susceptible, 25.00% showed resistance or reduced susceptibility to one antimicrobial and 55.00% were multi-resistant. Among the E. faecalis isolates, 2.22% were susceptible and 97.78% were multi-resistant. The greatest prevalence of resistance or reduced susceptibility among E. coli was observed for amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (20.00% strains), ampicillin (26.67%), streptomycin (55.00%) and tobramycin (20.00%). The prevalence of resistance or reduced susceptibility among E. faecalis ranged from 31.11% (trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole) to 97.78% (erythromycin). Meat from pigeons is a major reservoir of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The need for the correct handling of this foodstuff in order to reduce risks to consumers is underlined.

scholarly journals Prevalence, co-infection and antibiotic resistance of Escherichia Coli from blood and urine samples at a hospital in Jamaica

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (02) ◽  
pp. 146-152
Author(s):  
Donna A Cheung ◽  
Alison Nicholson ◽  
Tiffany R Butterfield ◽  
Marsha DaCosta
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Empiric Therapy ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

Introduction: Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a very common uro-pathogen and pathogen of bloodstream infections (BSI) in Jamaica. The aim of this study was to examine this organism’s prevalence, determine co-infection rates and assess antibiotic resistance patterns. Methodology: In the absence of automated systems, data on all E. coli isolates identified at the University Hospital of the West Indies in Kingston, Jamaica during the first six months of 2008 and 2012 was collected and sorted. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 20 for Windows. Results: A total of 1188 isolates (1072 from urine and 116 from blood) was analyzed. Patients with E. coli BSI were older than those with E. coli urinary tract infections (UTI) (55.3 years vs 42.4 years, p < 0.05) and both had a female predominance. Sensitivity profiles in 2012 for E. coli in blood and urine were highest for the carbapenems, Amikacin and Nitrofurantoin and lowest for the fluoroquinolones and Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Based on antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, Nitrofurantoin was identified as an appropriate choice for empiric therapy for UTI. Ten antibiotics were noted in this study to have developed statistically significant antibiotic resistance. Patients with E. coli BSI had a co-infection E. coli UTI rate of 39%. Conclusions: Resistance patterns change drastically in a few years making frequent antimicrobial susceptibility profiling necessary. Further studies would be beneficial in guiding management of these patients.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Mastitis and Antibiotic Resistance of Bacterial Isolates from CMT Positive Milk Samples Obtained from Dairy Cows, Camels, and Goats in Two Pastoral Districts in Southern Ethiopia

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1530
Author(s):  
Amanuel Balemi ◽  
Balako Gumi ◽  
Kebede Amenu ◽  
Sisay Girma ◽  
Muuz Gebru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Milk Samples

A study was carried out from August 2017 to February 2018 on lactating dairy cows, one-humped dromedary camels, and goats to determine mastitis in the Bule Hora and Dugda Dawa districts of in Southern Ethiopia. Milk samples from 564 udder quarters and udder halves from 171 animals consisting of 60 dairy cows, 51 camels, and 60 goats were tested for mastitis. Sixty-four positive udder milk samples were cultured, and bacterial mastitis pathogens were isolated and identified. The antibiotic resistance of bacterial isolates from milk with mastitis was tested against nine antimicrobials commonly used in the study area. Cow- and quarter-level prevalence of mastitis in dairy cows, camels, and goats was 33.3%, 26.3%, and 25% and 17.6%, 14.5%, and 20%, respectively. In cattle, the prevalence was significantly higher in Dugda Dawa than in Bule Hora. Major bacterial isolates were coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species (39.1%), S. aureus (17.2%), S. hyicus (14.1%), and S. intermedius and Escherichia coli (9.4% each). In camels, udder abnormality and mastitis were significantly higher in late lactation than in early lactation. Mastitis tends to increase with parity in camels. E. coli isolates were highly resistant to spectinomycin, vancomycin, and doxycycline, whereas most S. aureus isolates were multidrug-resistant. Most of the rural and periurban communities in this area consume raw milk, which indicates a high risk of infection with multidrug-resistant bacteria. We recommend a community-focused training program to improve community awareness of the need to boil milk and the risk of raw milk consumption.

scholarly journals Report of Antibiotic Resistance in Urban and Rural Wastewaters from West Bengal, India

2021 ◽  
pp. 274-285
Author(s):  
Meesha Singh ◽  
Rupsha Karmakar ◽  
Sayak Ganguli ◽  
Mahashweta Mitra Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Medical Facility ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

Aims: This study aims at comparative identification of antibiotic resistance patterns in bacteria isolated from samples collected from rural environment (LS) and urban environments (SS). Metagenomic profiling gave us insights into the microbial abundance of the two samples. This study focused on culture-based methods for complete identification of antibiotic resistant isolates and estimation of comparative antibiotic resistance among the two samples. Study Design: Untreated medical waste and anthropogenic waste disposal can lead to the propagation of different antibiotic resistant strains in wastewater environments both in urban and rural set ups which provide an insight towards this study approach mentioned in the methodology segment. Place and Duration of Study: Sewer system of a medical facility located in Purulia, India was the collection site for liquid sludge. Solid sludge and associated wastewater were collected in vicinity of a large urban medical facility from central Kolkata, India. Methodology: Physico-chemical properties were analyzed followed by microbiological and biochemical characterization. The antibiotic resistance patterns were determined by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion assay. Potent multidrug resistant isolates were identified using 16srRNA gene amplification followed by Phylogenetic profiling, using CLC Genomics workbench. Results: We observed maximum resistance in an E. coli isolate which was resistant up to 22 antibiotics. Combined data for resistance from urban and rural samples were found to exhibit 83.9% resistance to beta lactams, 85.7% to macrolides, 44.2% to fluoroquinolones, 50% to glycopeptides and cephalosporins, 35.7 % to carbapenems and sulfonamides, 28.5 % to tetracycline, and 23.8 % to aminoglycosides. Conclusion: The high prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria harbouring diverse resistance traits across samples indicated towards probable horizontal gene transfer across environmental niches. This study can prove to be useful to understand and map the patterns of resistance and stringently apply the counter measures related to public health practices.

scholarly journals Bacteriological profile and sensitivity pattern of neonatal sepsis

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 174-177
Author(s):  
Rowshan Jahan Akhter ◽  
Md Mahbubul Hoque ◽  
BH Nazma Yasmeen ◽  
MAK Azad Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Neonatal Morbidity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacteriological Profile ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Haematological Profile ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

Introduction : Neonatal sepsis remains an important cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality in NICU setup and a major challenge for the neonatologists. The prevalent organisms and their antibiotic resistance patterns evolve with time and with the usage of antimicrobials.Aims and Objectives : To analyze the bacteriological profile and antibiotic resistance patterns of proven neonatal sepsis cases in Dhaka Shishu Hospital.Materials and Methods : The study was Prospective observational study. All the clinically suspected cases of Neonatal Sepsis admitted to the Neonatal word from January 2015 to December 2015 were included in the study. Clinically suspected cases of neonatal sepsis further evaluated with blood cultures and antibiotic susceptibility testing using the Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Data was collected for the following variables: Demographic profile, haematological profile, blood culture result and antibiotic sensitivity patterns.Results : Total 96 cases clinically suspected neonatal sepsis were included in the study. Among them 29 cases (30.21%) was culture positive septicemia. Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most common isolate accounting for 31.03% cases followed by Escherichia coli 27.59%. In Klebsiella infection most common sensitivity were Imipenum and Ciprofloxacin which were 77.78 and 33.33% respectively. In E.coli common sensitive drugs were Imipenum and Amikacin. In serratia common sensitive drugs were Imipenum, Netlmicin and Ciprofloxacin.Conclusion : K. pneumoniae was the most common pathogen. Most common sensitivity was Imipenum, Amikacin, Ciprofloxacin, Gentamicin, Netlmicin, and Ceftazidime,.Northern International Medical College Journal Vol.8(1) July 2016: 174-177

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