scholarly journals Functionalized Nanoparticles Activated by Photodynamic Therapy as an Antimicrobial Strategy in Endodontics: A Scoping Review

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1064
Author(s):  
Pablo Betancourt ◽  
Nadia Brocal ◽  
Eulàlia Sans-Serramitjana ◽  
Carlos Zaror
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Qualitative Synthesis ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Low Cytotoxicity

The eradication of endodontic pathogens continues to be the focus of the search for new root canal system (RCS) disinfection strategies. This scoping review provides a comprehensive synthesis of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) using nanoparticles (NPs) as an alternative to optimize RCS disinfection. A systematic search up to March 2021 was carried out using the MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Lilacs, Central Cochrane Library, and BBO databases. We included studies focused on evaluating the activation of NPs by aPDT in inoculated root canals of human or animal teeth or bacterial cultures in the laboratory. The selection process and data extraction were carried out by two researchers independently. A qualitative synthesis of the results was performed. A total of seventeen studies were included, of which twelve showed a substantial antibacterial efficacy, two assessed the substantivity of the disinfection effect, and three showed low cytotoxicity. No adverse effects were reported. The use of functionalized NPs with photosensitizer molecules in aPDT has been shown to be effective in reducing the bacteria count, making it a promising alternative in endodontic disinfection. Further studies are needed to assess the development of this therapy in in vivo conditions, with detailed information about the laser parameters used to allow the development of safe and standardized protocols.

Artificial Intelligence and Ethics in Dentistry: A Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 002203452110138
Author(s):  
C.M. Mörch ◽  
S. Atsu ◽  
W. Cai ◽  
X. Li ◽  
S.A. Madathil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
Internal Validation ◽  
Neural Learning ◽  
Learning Techniques

Dentistry increasingly integrates artificial intelligence (AI) to help improve the current state of clinical dental practice. However, this revolutionary technological field raises various complex ethical challenges. The objective of this systematic scoping review is to document the current uses of AI in dentistry and the ethical concerns or challenges they imply. Three health care databases (MEDLINE [PubMed], SciVerse Scopus, and Cochrane Library) and 2 computer science databases (ArXiv, IEEE Xplore) were searched. After identifying 1,553 records, the documents were filtered, and a full-text screening was performed. In total, 178 studies were retained and analyzed by 8 researchers specialized in dentistry, AI, and ethics. The team used Covidence for data extraction and Dedoose for the identification of ethics-related information. PRISMA guidelines were followed. Among the included studies, 130 (73.0%) studies were published after 2016, and 93 (52.2%) were published in journals specialized in computer sciences. The technologies used were neural learning techniques for 75 (42.1%), traditional learning techniques for 76 (42.7%), or a combination of several technologies for 20 (11.2%). Overall, 7 countries contributed to 109 (61.2%) studies. A total of 53 different applications of AI in dentistry were identified, involving most dental specialties. The use of initial data sets for internal validation was reported in 152 (85.4%) studies. Forty-five ethical issues (related to the use AI in dentistry) were reported in 22 (12.4%) studies around 6 principles: prudence (10 times), equity (8), privacy (8), responsibility (6), democratic participation (4), and solidarity (4). The ratio of studies mentioning AI-related ethical issues has remained similar in the past years, showing that there is no increasing interest in the field of dentistry on this topic. This study confirms the growing presence of AI in dentistry and highlights a current lack of information on the ethical challenges surrounding its use. In addition, the scarcity of studies sharing their code could prevent future replications. The authors formulate recommendations to contribute to a more responsible use of AI technologies in dentistry.

scholarly journals Addressing barriers to the conduct and application of research in complementary and alternative medicine: a scoping review

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasamin Veziari ◽  
Saravana Kumar ◽  
Matthew Leach
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Medicine ◽  
Complementary And Alternative Medicine ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Educational Strategies ◽  
The Cochrane Library ◽  
Complementary And Alternative

Abstract Background Over the past few decades, the popularity of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) has grown considerably and along with it, scrutiny regarding its evidence base. While this is to be expected, and is in line with other health disciplines, research in CAM is confronted by numerous obstacles. This scoping review aims to identify and report the strategies implemented to address barriers to the conduct and application of research in CAM. Methods The scoping review was undertaken using the Arksey and O’Malley framework. The search was conducted using MEDLINE, EMBASE, EMCARE, ERIC, Scopus, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, JBI and the grey literature. Two reviewers independently screened the records, following which data extraction was completed for the included studies. Descriptive synthesis was used to summarise the data. Results Of the 7945 records identified, 15 studies met the inclusion criteria. Using the oBSTACLES instrument as a framework, the included studies reported diverse strategies to address barriers to the conduct and application of research in CAM. All included studies reported the use of educational strategies and collaborative initiatives with CAM stakeholders, including targeted funding, to address a range of barriers. Conclusions While the importance of addressing barriers to the conduct and application of research in CAM has been recognised, to date, much of the focus has been limited to initiatives originating from a handful of jurisdictions, for a small group of CAM disciplines, and addressing few barriers. Myriad barriers continue to persist, which will require concerted effort and collaboration across a range of CAM stakeholders and across multiple sectors. Further research can contribute to the evidence base on how best to address these barriers to promote the conduct and application of research in CAM.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy and Dental Plaque: A Systematic Review of the Literature

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Santin ◽  
D. S. B. Oliveira ◽  
R. Galo ◽  
M. C. Borsatto ◽  
S. A. M. Corona
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Dental Biofilm ◽  
Quality Assessments

Background. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review of the literature on the efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (PDTa) on cariogenic dental biofilm.Types of Studies Reviewed. Studiesin vivo,in vitro, andin situwere included. Articles that did not address PDTa, those that did not involve cariogenic biofilm, those that used microorganisms in the plankton phase, and reviews were excluded. Data extraction and quality assessments were performed independently by two raters using a scale.Results. Two hundred forty articles were retrieved; only seventeen of them met the eligibility criteria and were analyzed in the present review. Considerable variability was found regarding the methodologies and application protocols for antimicrobial PDTa. Two articles reported unfavorable results.Practical Implications. The present systematic review does not allow drawing any concrete conclusions regarding the efficacy of antimicrobial PDTa, although this method seems to be a promising option.

scholarly journals Clinical parameters and biomarkers predicting spontaneous operational tolerance after liver transplantation: a scoping review protocol

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 2059
Author(s):  
Christian Appenzeller-Herzog ◽  
Steffen Hartleif ◽  
Julien Vionnet
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Clinical Parameter ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Narrative Form ◽  
Clinical Parameters ◽  
Clinical Trial Registries ◽  
Operational Tolerance

Objective: This scoping review aims at systematically mapping reported prognostic factors for spontaneous immunosuppression (IS) free allograft tolerance (operational tolerance, OT) in non-viral hepatitis and non-autoimmune disease liver transplant (LT) recipients who are undergoing immunosuppression withdrawal (ISW). The results may inform the subsequent conduct of a systematic review with a more specific review question. Background: LT is currently the most effective treatment for end-stage liver diseases. Whereas the short-term outcomes after LT have dramatically improved over the last decades, the long-term outcomes remain unsatisfactory, mainly because of side effects of lifelong IS, such as infections, cardiovascular diseases, malignancies, and nephrotoxicity. ISW studies have shown that OT can be achieved by a subset of LT recipients and recent research has identified biomarkers of OT in these patients. However, an evidence-based selection algorithm for patients that can predictably benefit from ISW is not available to date. The planned review will, therefore, map existing knowledge on prognostic clinical parameters and biomarkers for OT. Inclusion criteria: We will consider studies that record any clinical parameter or biomarker before the initiation of ISW in paediatric or adult non-viral hepatitis and non-autoimmune disease LT recipients and analyse their possible association with ISW outcomes (OT or non-tolerance). Studies addressing the effectiveness of OT-inducing treatments will be excluded. Methods: Embase, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library will be searched for relevant articles or conference abstracts. Full-texts of selected abstracts will be independently screened for inclusion by two reviewers. References and citing articles of included records will be screened for additional relevant records. Clinical trial registries will be searched for ongoing studies, and their investigators contacted for the sharing of unpublished data. Data from included records will be independently extracted by two reviewers using a prespecified data extraction table and presented in both tabular and narrative form.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy in Combination with Nystatin in the Treatment of Experimental Oral Candidiasis Induced by Candida albicans Resistant to Fluconazole

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karem Janeth Rimachi Hidalgo ◽  
Juliana Cabrini Carmello ◽  
Cláudia Carolina Jordão ◽  
Paula Aboud Barbugli ◽  
Carlos Alberto de Sousa Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Combined Therapy ◽  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy ◽  
Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Confocal Scanning ◽  
Confocal Scanning Laser

Background: It has been demonstrated that azole-resistant strains of Candida albicans have a greater resistance to antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) when compared to their more susceptible counterparts. For this reason, the present study evaluated the efficacy of aPDT, together with nystatin (NYS), in the treatment of oral candidiasis in vivo. Methods: Mice were infected with fluconazole-resistant C. albicans (ATCC 96901). To perform the combined therapy, aPDT, mediated by Photodithazine (PDZ) and LED light, was used together with NYS. The efficacy of the treatments was evaluated by microbiological, macroscopic, histopathological and Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy analyses of the lesions. The expression of p21 and p53, proteins associated with cell death, from the tongues of mice, was also performed. Results: The combined therapy reduced the fungal viability by around 2.6 log10 and decreased the oral lesions and the inflammatory reaction. Additionally, it stimulated the production of p53 and p21. Conclusions: The combined therapy is a promising alternative treatment for oral candidiasis induced by C. albicans resistant to fluconazole.

scholarly journals Clinical significance of premature ventricular contraction among adult patients: protocol for a scoping review

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sukardi Suba ◽  
Michele M. Pelter
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Premature Ventricular Contraction ◽  
Flow Diagram ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Ecg Monitoring ◽  
Research Gaps ◽  
Premature Ventricular Contractions

Abstract Background Premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) are one of the most common arrhythmias detected from electrocardiographic (ECG) monitoring. PVCs were thought to cause lethal arrhythmias and thus were closely monitored and treated. However, in current practice, PVCs generally do not required treatment. There is also concern that PVCs contribute to excessive alarms and lead to alarm fatigue. Practice guidelines for in-hospital monitoring state that monitoring for PVCs may be indicated on some patients but do not recommend continuous ECG monitoring. Despite these recommendations, PVC monitoring practices remain part of routine care, especially in the intensive care unit, for worry of missing potentially significant arrhythmia events. A thorough scoping review of the literature regarding the clinical significance of PVC is imperative, precisely to map out the evidence on the diagnostic and prognostic values of PVCs and to identify research gaps on this issue. Methods The primary question of this review is “what is the clinical significance of PVCs in adults?” Preparation of this scoping review will use the PRISMA-P statement. A scoping review framework by Arksey and O’Malley will be adopted. In identifying relevant studies, the Population-Concept-Context (PCC) framework by the Joanna Briggs Institute will be used. A search strategy will be developed, and four major electronic databases will be searched: CINAHL, Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science Core Collection. Manual searches will also be conducted. The study selection process will adopt the 2009 PRISMA flow diagram. EndNote X8 will be used to manage citations, as well as for duplicates screening in addition to Microsoft Excel 2016. Two independent reviewers will assess potential studies in detail against inclusion criteria. A standardized data extraction form will be developed. Finally, critical appraisal will be conducted using a tool adapted from the Quality Appraisal Checklist by the National Institute for Health Care Excellence (NICE). Discussion We believe this scoping review will provide a general foundation of evidence on the potential significance of PVCs concerning its diagnostic and prognostic value among the adult patient population. The findings will allow us to map out research gaps on this topic that could shape future research and ultimately clinical practice. Scoping review registration This scoping review has been registered in the Open Science Framework (OSF), DOI: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/GAVT2.

scholarly journals Impact of transition programmes for students and new graduate nurses on workplace bullying, violence, stress and resilience: a scoping review protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. e038893
Author(s):  
Khadijah Ali Alshawush ◽  
Nutmeg Hallett ◽  
Caroline Bradbury-Jones
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Workplace Violence ◽  
Workplace Bullying ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Graduate Nurses ◽  
New Graduate Nurses ◽  
New Graduate

IntroductionThe shortage of nurses is projected to grow, and the number of new graduate nurses (NGNs) who are predicted to replace expert nurses has increased. Meanwhile, those NGNs leaving their job within the first year, give various reasons for leaving, including workplace bullying and violence. In response, some hospitals and universities have developed nurse transition programmes such as nurse residency programmes and nurse internship programmes to attract NGNs and to assist in their changing status from education to practice. Although these programmes have been successful in decreasing the turnover rate for new nurses and are cost-effective, their impact on workplace bullying and violence has not been systematically reviewed and is yet to be determined. A scoping review will be conducted to address this gap. The aim is to identify current knowledge regarding the content of transition programmes and their impact in supporting NGNs dealing with workplace violence, bullying and stress.Methods and analysisArksey and O’Malley’s scoping framework and the Joanna Briggs Institute scoping review guidance will guide the methodology process of the review. Published studies, with no date limit, will be identified through the electronic databases (CINAHL, Scopus, MEDLINE, Web of Science, ASSIA, PsycINFO, Embase, PROSPERO and ProQuest Dissertation) and reference lists. Primary key terms will be ‘novice nurse’, ‘new graduate nurses’ and ‘transition programmes’. Two reviewers, guided by standardised procedures, will perform the study selection process independently. Data from the selected studies will be extracted using a data extraction form. Thematic analysis (for qualitative papers) and descriptive summary of the results (for quantitative papers) will be performed.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required for this review. Findings will be used to inform future study designs to evaluate the transition programmes and disseminated via peer-reviewed journals and conferences.

scholarly journals Clinical prediction models to diagnose neonatal sepsis: a scoping review protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. e039712
Author(s):  
Samuel R Neal ◽  
David Musorowegomo ◽  
Hannah Gannon ◽  
Mario Cortina Borja ◽  
Michelle Heys ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Clinical Prediction ◽  
Clinical Prediction Models ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
Review Protocol

IntroductionNeonatal sepsis is responsible for significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Diagnosis is often difficult due to non-specific clinical features and the unavailability of laboratory tests in many low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). Clinical prediction models have the potential to improve diagnostic accuracy and rationalise antibiotic usage in neonatal units, which may result in reduced antimicrobial resistance and improved neonatal outcomes. In this paper, we outline our scoping review protocol to map the literature concerning clinical prediction models to diagnose neonatal sepsis. We aim to provide an overview of existing models and evidence underlying their use and compare prediction models between high-income countries and LMICs.Methods and analysisThe protocol was developed with reference to recommendations by the Joanna Briggs Institute. Searches will include six electronic databases (Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Global Index Medicus and the Cochrane Library) supplemented by hand searching of reference lists and citation analysis on included studies. No time period restrictions will be applied but only studies published in English or Spanish will be included. Screening and data extraction will be performed independently by two reviewers, with a third reviewer used to resolve conflicts. The results will be reported by narrative synthesis in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines.Ethics and disseminationThe nature of the scoping review methodology means that this study does not require ethical approval. Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations, as well as through engagement with peers and relevant stakeholders.

scholarly journals Interventions to improve adherence to reporting guidelines in health research: a scoping review protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. e017551 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Blanco ◽  
Jamie J Kirkham ◽  
Douglas G Altman ◽  
David Moher ◽  
Isabelle Boutron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Health Research ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Reporting Guidelines ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Improve Compliance ◽  
Review Protocol ◽  
Journal Policies ◽  
Research Stage

IntroductionThere is evidence that the use of some reporting guidelines, such as the Consolidated Standards for Reporting Trials, is associated with improved completeness of reporting in health research. However, the current levels of adherence to reporting guidelines are suboptimal. Over the last few years, several actions aiming to improve compliance with reporting guidelines have been taken and proposed. We will conduct a scoping review of interventions to improve adherence to reporting guidelines in health research that have been evaluated or suggested, in order to inform future interventions.Methods and analysisOur review will follow the Joanna Briggs Institute scoping review methods manual. We will search for relevant studies in MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases. Moreover, we will carry out lateral searches from the reference lists of the included studies, as well as from the lists of articles citing the included ones. One reviewer will screen the full list, which will be randomly split into two halves and independently screened by the other two reviewers. Two reviewers will perform data extraction independently. Discrepancies will be solved through discussion. In addition, this search strategy will be supplemented by a grey literature search. The interventions found will be classified as assessed or suggested, as well as according to different criteria, in relation to their target (journal policies, journal editors, authors, reviewers, funders, ethical boards or others) or the research stage at which they are performed (design, conducting, reporting or peer review). Descriptive statistical analysis will be performed.Ethics and disseminationA paper summarising the findings from this review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. This scoping review will contribute to a better understanding and a broader perspective on how the problem of adhering better to reporting guidelines has been tackled so far. This could be a major first step towards developing future strategies to improve compliance with reporting guidelines in health research.

scholarly journals Treatment of Dental Caries with Diamine Silver Fluoride: Literature Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 152
Author(s):  
Marília Franco Punhagui ◽  
Jaqueline Costa Favaro ◽  
Beatriz Brandão Sacarpelli ◽  
Ricardo Danil Guiraldo ◽  
Murilo Baena Lopes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Caries Prevention ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Silver Diamine Fluoride ◽  
Non Invasive

AbstractBrazilian health care programs recommend the use of cariostatic solutions of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) or sodium fluoride varnishes for children 0 to 3 years old with high or moderate caries activity for the control of caries lesions. SDF is a safe, economical, efficient and non-invasive coadjuvant agent, exerting an antibacterial action capable of reducing superficial mineral loss of the enamel and can be used in the treatment of deciduous and permanent teeth. The objective of this literature review was to gather current information on describing the mechanism of SDF action’ and its clinical application in young children in caries prevention and paralysis. The PubMed / Medline and Cochrane Library databases were accessed by identifying the relevant studies published in English from 1960 to May 2017. The search strategy employed the keywords: “Silver diamine fluoride” and “Children “or “Infant” and “Caries prevention”. Data extraction was performed in: 19 in vitro studies; 10 review articles and 8 in vivo studies. It was possible to conclude that SDF is almost twice as effective compared to fluoride varnish in caries paralysis. However, the contact time of the solution and the optimal frequency of application of the SDF are still undefined, inducing new projects and clinical studies in the search for an adequate clinical protocol of this cariostatic.Keywords: Preventive Dentistry. Children. Dental Caries.Resumo Os programas de assistência à saúde brasileiros recomendam para o controle das lesões de cárie a utilização de soluções cariostáticas de diamino fluoreto de prata - DFP ou vernizes de fluoreto de sódio para crianças de 0 a 3 anos com atividade de cárie alta ou moderada. O DFP é agente coadjuvante seguro, econômico, eficiente e não invasivo, exercendo ação antibacteriana capaz de reduzir a perda mineral superficial do esmalte e, pode ser utilizado no tratamento de dentes decíduos e permanentes. O objetivo desta revisão de literatura foi reunir informações atuais sobre descrever o mecanismo de ação do DFP e sua aplicação clínica em crianças de pouca idade na prevenção e paralisação da cárie. As bases de dados PubMed/Medline e Cochane Library foram acessadas identificando os estudos relevantes publicados em inglês, no período de 1960 a maio de 2017. A estratégia de busca empregou as palavras-chave: “Silver diamine fluoride” and “Children” or “Infant” and “Caries prevention”. A extração dos dados foi realizada em: 19 estudos in vitro; 10 artigos de revisão e 8 estudos in vivo. Foi possível concluir que o DFP apresenta-se quase duas vezes tão eficaz comparado ao verniz fluoretado na paralização de cárie. Porém, o tempo de contato da solução e a frequência ótima de aplicação do DFP ainda estão indefinidos, suscitando novos projetos e estudos clínicos na busca de adequado protocolo clínico deste cariostático.Palavra-chave: Odontologia Preventiva. Criança. Carie Dentária. 

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