scholarly journals The Two Weapons against Bacterial Biofilms: Detection and Treatment

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1482
Author(s):  
Adriana Cruz ◽  
Manuel Condinho ◽  
Beatriz Carvalho ◽  
Cecília M. Arraiano ◽  
Vânia Pobre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Bacterial Biofilms ◽  
The World ◽  
Microbial Infections ◽  
Biofilm Infection

Bacterial biofilms are defined as complex aggregates of bacteria that grow attached to surfaces or are associated with interfaces. Bacteria within biofilms are embedded in a self-produced extracellular matrix made of polysaccharides, nucleic acids, and proteins. It is recognized that bacterial biofilms are responsible for the majority of microbial infections that occur in the human body, and that biofilm-related infections are extremely difficult to treat. This is related with the fact that microbial cells in biofilms exhibit increased resistance levels to antibiotics in comparison with planktonic (free-floating) cells. In the last years, the introduction into the market of novel compounds that can overcome the resistance to antimicrobial agents associated with biofilm infection has slowed down. If this situation is not altered, millions of lives are at risk, and this will also strongly affect the world economy. As such, research into the identification and eradication of biofilms is important for the future of human health. In this sense, this article provides an overview of techniques developed to detect and imaging biofilms as well as recent strategies that can be applied to treat biofilms during the several biofilm formation steps.

scholarly journals Rapamycin: Drug Repurposing in SARS-CoV-2 Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 217
Author(s):  
Jiri Patocka ◽  
Kamil Kuca ◽  
Patrik Oleksak ◽  
Eugenie Nepovimova ◽  
Martin Valis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Human Health ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Drug Repurposing ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Suitable Candidate ◽  
Promising Strategy ◽  
The World

Since December 2019, SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) has been a worldwide pandemic with enormous consequences for human health and the world economy. Remdesivir is the only drug in the world that has been approved for the treating of COVID-19. This drug, as well as vaccination, still has uncertain effectiveness. Drug repurposing could be a promising strategy how to find an appropriate molecule: rapamycin could be one of them. The authors performed a systematic literature review of available studies on the research describing rapamycin in association with COVID-19 infection. Only peer-reviewed English-written articles from the world’s acknowledged databases Web of Science, PubMed, Springer and Scopus were involved. Five articles were eventually included in the final analysis. The findings indicate that rapamycin seems to be a suitable candidate for drug repurposing. In addition, it may represent a better candidate for COVID-19 therapy than commonly tested antivirals. It is also likely that its efficiency will not be reduced by the high rate of viral RNA mutation.

The mysteries of the human genome uncovered--medicine is changed forever

2001 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
LG Futterman ◽  
L Lemberg
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Human Genome ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
The World ◽  
Challenging Research ◽  
Health And Disease

It is impossible to overemphasize the significance of the recent announcement that 85% of the DNA of the human genome has been decoded. Physicians can now begin teasing out the secrets of human health and disease. Within the next 10 years, it may be possible to determine who may be vulnerable to illnesses like Alzheimer's disease, cancer, and diabetes. The world of medicine will be utterly transformed in a few decades. Even before decoding of the human genome is completed, scientists have begun a new and more challenging research in explaining the molecular basis of life. "Proteonomics," the cataloging and analysis of every protein in the human body looms as the next major scientific medical effort. Proteins are more varied and complex than DNA. Fifty years from now, our understanding of the human organism and its various ills will be transformed beyond recognition through genomics and proteonomics. Stay tuned!

scholarly journals Understanding the Mechanism of Bacterial Biofilms Resistance to Antimicrobial Agents

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shriti Singh ◽  
Santosh Kumar Singh ◽  
Indrajit Chowdhury ◽  
Rajesh Singh
Keyword(s):  
Medical Devices ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Bacterial Biofilms ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
A Current

A biofilm is a group of microorganisms, that causes health problems for the patients with indwelling medical devicesviaattachment of cells to the surface matrix. It increases the resistance of a microorganism for antimicrobial agents and developed the human infection. Current strategies are removed or prevent the microbial colonies from the medical devices, which are attached to the surfaces. This will improve the clinical outcomes in favor of the patients suffering from serious infectious diseases. Moreover, the identification and inhibition of genes, which have the major role in biofilm formation, could be the effective approach for health care systems. In a current review article, we are highlighting the biofilm matrix and molecular mechanism of antimicrobial resistance in bacterial biofilms.

scholarly journals IMMERSIVE BICYCLE GAME FOR HEALTH VIRTUAL TOUR OF UIN MAULANA MALIK IBRAHIM MALANG

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Faisal ◽  
Hani Nurhayati ◽  
Yunifa M. Arif ◽  
Fahrul Kurniawan ◽  
Fressy Nugroho
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Peer Influences ◽  
Mountain Bike ◽  
Virtual Tour ◽  
Behavioral Studies ◽  
The World

Cancer is the leading cause of death in the world. More than 10 million people worldwide The goal of this research is to promote UIN Maliki Malang using immersive tools bicycle for human health. The system developed using combination of bicycle and computer with various sensors on the wheels, steering and brakes. The device consists of a mountain bike in front of the monitor are useful to display virtual Tour. Children’s reactions to the virtual peer indicate that their virtual peer framework is a promising platform for future behavioral studies of peer influences on children’s bicycle riding behavior.  The system results shows immersive bicycle road in UIN Maliki Malang area. This system is useful for refreshing and relaxing human body.

Efficacy of Usnea sp. Extracts in Preventing Biofilm Formation by Bacillus Species Isolated from Soaking Liquor Samples

2020 ◽  
Vol 115 (6) ◽  
pp. 222-229
Author(s):  
Didem Berber ◽  
İpek Türkmenoğlu ◽  
Meral Birbir ◽  
Nüzhet Cenk Sesal
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Antibacterial Agents ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Bacillus Species ◽  
Bacterial Biofilms ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Leather Industry ◽  
Acetone Extracts

Bacteria forms biofilm to be resistant to antibacterial agents and other unfavorable environment as compared to planktonic bacterial cells. Due to resistance of bacterial biofilms to commonly used antimicrobial agents and adverse effects of these biofilms in different industries, potential natural compounds which can inhibit bacterial biofilms have attracted more attention in recent years. Lichens are known to have unique secondary metabolites with various biological activities including anti-biofilm properties. Therefore, Bacillus toyonensis, Bacillus mojavensis, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus velezensis, Bacillus cereus, and Bacillus licheniformis, isolated from soak liquor samples in the previous study, were tested for their ability to form biofilm in this study. Biofilm-forming Bacillus species were detected as B. subtilis, B. amyloliquefaciens, and B. velezensis. The anti-biofilm effect of the acetone extracts of Usnea sp. was evaluated at various concentrations against these biofilm-forming isolates. The anti-biofilm effect of acetone extracts of Usnea sp. against B. subtilis and B. amyloliquefaciens was observed at the concentration of 5 µg/mL by inhibition ratios of 62.75% and 72.72%, respectively. In addition, biofilm formation of B. velezensis was inhibited by the treatment with 1.25 µg/mL extracts at a 62.69% inhibition rate. Biofilm formations of B. amyloliquefaciens and B. velezensis were also suppressed by the extracts at varying percentages of inhibition ranging between 10.11-43.69% and 21.25-46.35%, respectively. This study may provide an alternative approach to overcome the biofilm formation and bacterial resistance to the antibacterial agents in the leather industry.

Antimicrobial resistance in swine production

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank M. Aarestrup ◽  
C. Oliver Duran ◽  
David G. S. Burch
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Swine Production ◽  
Susceptibility Data ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Parts

AbstractLarge amounts of antimicrobial agents are still being used in modern swine production in many countries around the world. This facilitates the emergence and development of antimicrobial resistance. Bacteria causing infections in swine have in several cases acquired resistance to a number of the agents most commonly used for treatment, making it difficult to predict the efficacy of different antimicrobial agents without prior susceptibility testing. This review gives an overview of recent susceptibility data from different parts of the world and discusses the importance of the development of resistance not only in the treatment of infections in swine but also taking into account the human health implications of antimicrobial resistance.

scholarly journals Microbiome and Infection: A Case for “Selective Depletion”

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Colin Hill
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Therapeutic Approach ◽  
Infected Patient ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Narrow Spectrum ◽  
Selective Depletion ◽  
Invaluable Tool

In most instances where a pathogen has initiated an infection, the primary goal of the treating physician or pharmacist is to eliminate the pathogen. In the absence of knowledge of the precise identity of the problem-causing microbe, a broad-spectrum antimicrobial gives the best chance of success. This approach has saved many lives and is an invaluable tool in fighting infections. However, perhaps our current appreciation of the importance of the microbiome in human health should give us pause. We can regard the microbiome as a virtual organ within the human body, and we would surely hesitate to advance any therapeutic approach that would cause substantial damage to one of our organs. This is one consequence of many broad-spectrum antimicrobial therapies. There may be instances where a more precise approach would be useful. I have termed this “selective depletion”; a concept where pathogen numbers are curtailed by a narrow-spectrum inhibitor but the microbiome is protected and can play a role in restoring health and suppressing the outgrowth of the pathogen in the infected patient. It may well be that the best reservoir of microbiome-friendly antimicrobial agents is the microbiome itself, and I provide examples of where the microbiome has been mined for novel precision antimicrobials.

scholarly journals Selenium behavior in the soil environment and its implication for human health

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 605-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme Lopes ◽  
Fabrício William Ávila ◽  
Luiz Roberto Guimarães Guilherme
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Functional Disorders ◽  
Soil Environment ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
The World ◽  
Relevant Role ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Harmful Effects

ABSTRACT Selenium (Se) is an important element that was discovered in 1817, and since the 1960s, it has been regarded as an essential micronutrient for both animals and humans, playing among other functions a relevant role in the antioxidant system of mammals. Inadequate blood Se levels in the human body is a well-known concern in many parts of the world. This malnutrition problem is often due to Se-poor diet, probably as a result of the low Se availability in soils where crops are growing. Nowadays, it is known that not only the total content, but also the inorganic and organic forms of Se contained in foods are important for human nutrition. However, paradoxically some regions of the world present high Se levels in soils causing several functional disorders and diseases in people who live in seleniferous areas. As essential micronutrient, Se should be supplied in controlled amounts to avoid harmful effects. Therefore, taking into account the importance of the soils as a way to ensure the adequate Se supply for the population, this review has dealt with Se behavior in soil environment (e.g., Se forms and adsorption and desorption reactions) and its relevance for the human health. As a final message, the further understanding of Se behavior in soils to predict its availability for crops in different systems will be a significant approach in future studies to establish forms and safe doses of Se to be added in fertilizers. Agronomic and genetic biofortification of staple crops with Se has been suggested as an important tool to improve Se intake by population in Se-poor sites.

scholarly journals Epidemiology and Ethics of Antimicrobial Resistance in Animals

2020 ◽  
pp. 109-121
Author(s):  
Lisa Boden ◽  
Dominic Mellor
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Ecological Problem ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
The World ◽  
Microbial Infections

Abstract Despite a large and rapidly growing volume of research activity and output, primarily on the biological bases of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), epidemiological understanding of the causal mechanisms at play behind the apparent recent global rise in prevalence of AMR has, arguably, progressed very little. Despite this inconvenient fact, political imperative and expedience, among other drivers, have given substantial impetus to an interventionist approach against what are considered to be the culprits for the apparent growing prevalence of AMR and its impacts. Concern about the rise in prevalence of microbial infections that are resistant to therapeutic agents designed to kill them has arisen almost exclusively in relation to human health. (Public awareness and concern about antihelmintic resistance, for which the impacts are much more substantial for animal health, at least in developed temperate countries, are trivial by comparison). Nevertheless, antimicrobial drugs have been, and are, widely used in animal health and production throughout the world, and the contribution of this diverse usage to the ‘global AMR problem’ has historically been controversial. There is growing acceptance, notwithstanding the limitations in causal understanding noted previously, of AMR as an ecological problem of competing populations of microorganisms experiencing both natural and anthropogenic selection pressures in compartments that transcend species and other boundaries. Typifying what is described as a ‘One Health’ problem, AMR is therefore considered to be most amenable to conjoint mitigation efforts in all compartments: i.e. interventions in human health, animal health, food and the environment in a coherent manner. In animals, this calls into question the motivations and practices for antimicrobial drug usage, the majority of which are justified on the basis of promoting animal health and welfare and securing a food supply for a growing human population. Not surprisingly, there are great differences in animal husbandry and food demand, and in availability, access and regulation of antimicrobial usage in animals, and in surveillance of AMR, which are likely to be starkest between developed and developing countries. Thus, it is unlikely that the impacts of AMR, and the impacts of efforts to mitigate AMR that are directed to the ‘animal compartment’ of the ecosystem, will be felt equally across the world.

scholarly journals Types and devices for smoking and their harmful effects on the human body

2021 ◽  
pp. 81-90
Author(s):  
I.S. Lisetska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Young People ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chewing Tobacco ◽  
The World

The literature review focuses on the prevalence of smoking among the population, the types of smoking devices and their negative impact on public health. The article presents the composition of traditional cigarettes and alternative types of smoking, analyzes the data of smoking statistics in the world. The smoking habit has been known since 2000 BC, when American Indians inhaled the smoke from burning the leaves of the plant Nicotiana tabacum, in the 20th century became an epidemic and killed more than 100 million people, and according to forecasts in the XXI century, this figure may grow in order. It is alarming that in recent decades, in addition to traditional cigarettes, alternative types of smoking have become popular, especially among adolescents and young people, namely electronic cigarettes (E-cigarettes, vapes), tobacco heating devices (IQOS), and sometimes products. With low tobacco content (snuff, chewing tobacco, etc.). In addition, hookah remains fashionable and sometimes prestigious among young people, which also has a detrimental effect on the human body. Smoking both traditional cigarettes and alternative types is one of the important medical and social problems both in Ukraine and around the world, as it is widespread and available. Smoking is a risk factor for human health and, as a result, an increase in nicotine-related mortality. At the same time, smoking is the only cause of illness and death that can be eliminated. Today, smoking is considered not as a bad habit, but as a chronic disease, prone to recurrence, even long after smoking cessation. There are no safe types of smoking, active and passive smoking are equally harmful to the body, which undermines human health and threatens his life. Smoking is especially dangerous for adolescents and young adults. The fight against smoking remains a key factor in the recovery of the nation. Smoking cessation is not only a matter of prevention, it should be considered as one of the appointments for the patient in the treatment of any disease and rehabilitation, because without it there will be no success in treatment and health. No conflict of interest was declared by the author. Key words: smoking, cigarettes, nicotine, electronic cigarettes, IQOS, hookah, snus.

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