scholarly journals Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Bacterial Pathogens in Urinary Tract Infections in University Hospital of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli” between 2017 and 2018

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronica Folliero ◽  
Pina Caputo ◽  
Maria Teresa Della Rocca ◽  
Annalisa Chianese ◽  
Marilena Galdiero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Tract Infections

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common and expensive health problem globally. The treatment of UTIs is difficult owing to the onset of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains. The aim of this study was to define the incidence of infections, identify the bacteria responsible, and identify the antimicrobial resistance profile. Patients of all ages and both sexes were included in the study, all admitted to University Hospital of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, between January 2017 and December 2018. Bacterial identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed using matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and Phoenix BD. Among the 1745 studied patients, 541 (31%) and 1204 (69%) were positive and negative for bacterial growth, respectively. Of 541 positive patients, 325 (60%) were females, while 216 (39.9%) were males. The largest number of positive subjects was recorded in the elderly (>61 years). Among the pathogenic strains, 425 (78.5%) were Gram-negative, 107 (19.7%) were Gram-positive, and 9 (1.7%) were Candida species. The most isolated Gram-negative strain is Escherichia coli (E. coli) (53.5%). The most frequent Gram-positive strain was Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) (12.9%). Gram-negative bacteria were highly resistant to ampicillin, whereas Gram-positive bacteria were highly resistant to erythromycin.

scholarly journals Bacterial uropathogens and burden of antimicrobial resistance pattern in urine specimens referred to Ethiopian Public Health Institute

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0259602
Author(s):  
Tesfa Addis ◽  
Yonas Mekonnen ◽  
Zeleke Ayenew ◽  
Surafel Fentaw ◽  
Habtamu Biazin
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Urine Specimens

Background Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the leading causes of morbidity in the general population, and is the second most common infectious disease after respiratory infections. Appropriate antibiotic therapy is essential to achieving good therapeutic results. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the profile of pathogens cultured from urinary tract infections and to determine their resistance profiles to commonly prescribed antibiotics. Method A cross-sectional study was carried out at the National Referral Laboratory of the Ethiopian Institute of Public Health from January 2017 to December 2018. All positive cultures were characterized by colony morphology, Gram stain, and standard biochemical tests. The antimicrobial susceptibility test of the isolate was performed using the Kirby- Bauer disk diffusion test on Muller-Hinton agar. In addition, bacterial identification, antimicrobial susceptibility testing and phenotypic detection of MDR were performed with VITEK 2 Compact according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Result Out of 1012 cultured urine specimens, 325 (32.1%) was showed significant bacteriuria. The overall prevalence of UTIs was 325(32.1%) and the highest prevalence rate was obtained from 21–30 years age group 73(22.5%). Among UTIs patients, 583(57.6%) were females and 429(42.4%) were males. The UTIs of 179 (55%) women is relatively higher than that of men 146 (45%). Among 325 isolates, Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) appeared more frequently 252 (51.7%) than Gram-positive bacteria 63 (19.4%). In GNB, E. coli 168(66.7%), Klebsiella species 32(12.7%), and Enterobacter species 13 (5.2%) were dominated isolates whereas in GPB accounted for coagulase-negative staphylococcus (CoNS) 33(52.4%), Enterococcus species 16(25.4%), and Staphylococcus aureus 10(15.9%). Major of the isolates showed high levels of antibiotic resistance to commonly prescribed antimicrobials. Imipenem, Amikacin, and Nitrofurantoin were the most sensitive antibiotics for Gram-negative isolates while Nitrofurantoin, clindamycin, and Gentamycin were effective against gram-positive uropathogens. Overall, 156/256(60.9%), 56/256(22.4%), 10/256(4%) of gram-negative isolates were MDR, XDR, and PDR respectively while among the GPB isolates, 34/63(53.1%), 10/63(15.8%), and 1/63(1.6%) were MDR, XDR, and PDR isolates respectively. Among the tested bacterial strains, 190/319 (59.5%) were MDR, 66/319 (20.7%) strains were XDR, and 11/319 (3.45%) were PDR isolated. Conclusion The prevalence of urinary tract infection was high, and Gram-negative organisms were the most common causes of UTIs in this study. It was found that the resistance to commonly used antibiotics is very high. Early detection and close monitoring of MDR, XDR, or even PDR bacterial strains must be started by all clinical microbiology laboratories to reduce the menace of antimicrobial resistance that is now a global problem.

scholarly journals Trend of Bacterial Uropathogens and Their Susceptibility Pattern: Study of Single Academic High-Volume Center in Italy (2015–2019)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Enrica Serretiello ◽  
Veronica Folliero ◽  
Biagio Santella ◽  
Giuseppina Giordano ◽  
Manuela Santoro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Volume ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Epidemiological Trend ◽  
High Level ◽  
Tract Infections

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a very widespread infection that can occur in disparate age range, in both sexes and in pregnancy/menopause state. Treatment of UTIs is difficult due to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains. The present study shows five years of data collected on patients admitted at the University Hospital “San Giovann di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona” in Salerno, Italy. The investigation exhibits the incidence of the infection, of the gender, and of the age group affected, identifying the most representative bacteria involved, drawing their profile of antimicrobial resistance. Bacterial identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed using the VITEK 2 system. Among the 46382 studied patients, 9896 (21.34%) and 36486 (78.66%) were positive and negative for microorganism growth, respectively. Of 9896 positive patients, 6158 (62.23%) females and 3738 (37.77%) males were identified. The highest incidence of positive subjects (56.66%) was recorded in the elderly (>61 years). 8431 (85.20%) uropathogens were Gram-negative, 1367 (13.81%) were Gram-positive, and 98 (0.99%) were Candida species (Candida spp.). Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) were the most representative Gram-negative and Gram-positive strains, respectively. The Gram-negative bacteria most representative were highly resistant to ampicillin, whereas among the Gram-positive bacteria, E. faecalis was highly resistant to gentamicin and streptomycin high level synergy, and Enterococcus faecium (E. faecium) to ampicillin, ampicillin/sulbactam, and imipenem. This retrospective work investigates the local epidemiological trend in our university hospital in order to induce an increasingly targeted empirical therapeutic approach for the treatment of UTIs.

scholarly journals Multiple myeloma complicated with pseudomonas endocartiditis

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 498-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Todaro ◽  
Patrícia Weinschenker Bollmann ◽  
Amit Nussbacher ◽  
Luis Fernando Aranha Camargo ◽  
Bento Fortunato Cardoso dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Tract Infections

Patients diagnosed with multiple myeloma are more susceptible to infections which are the major causes of morbidity and mortality associated to this disease. The main infectious agents involved are Gram-positive bacteria. However, after chemotherapy an increase in the incidence of Gram-negative strains is observed. These bacteria are also responsible for most cases of urinary tract infections. Here is reported a rare case in a 73-year-old man with multiple myeloma who developed endocarditis due to pseudomonas.

Aetiology and antibiotic resistance patterns of urinary tract infections in the elderly: a 6-month study

2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 859-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena De Vecchi ◽  
Simona Sitia ◽  
Carlo Luca Romanò ◽  
Cristian Ricci ◽  
Roberto Mattina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
The Impact

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a common cause of bacteraemia in the elderly and are associated with a high probability of hospitalization. Despite the impact of UTIs on health status and quality of life, a limited number of studies have evaluated their aetiology in this population. This study aimed to evaluate the microbial aetiology and pattern of susceptibility of bacteria causing UTIs in the elderly. For this purpose, a retrospective cohort study of elderly residents (n = 472, aged >65 years) in 14 nursing homes in Milan (Italy) and its province was performed. Globally, 393 micro-organisms from 328 samples were isolated: Escherichia coli was the most prevalent (44.8 %), followed by Proteus mirabilis (20.4 %), Providencia spp. (8.9 %), Klebsiella spp. (6.4 %) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4.6 %). Enterococci were the most frequently isolated Gram-positive organisms (7.4 %). Almost all Enterobacteriaceae were susceptible to nitrofurantoin, carbapenems and amikacin. Extended-spectrum β-lactamases were detected in 42.1 % of isolates. The most active antibiotics against P. aeruginosa were colistin, amikacin and piperacillin/tazobactam. All Gram-positive organisms were susceptible to glycopeptides and linezolid, and 90 % were susceptible to nitrofurantoin. Fluoroquinolones showed a limited activity against all the tested micro-organisms. Escherichia coli remains the major micro-organism responsible for UTIs in older people, although to a lesser extent than in a younger population. The high rates of resistance observed in this study make careful use of antibiotics advisable to limit further development of resistance.

scholarly journals Prevalence And Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns Of Bacteria Isolated From Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) In Children At Children Hospital In Baghdad

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-107
Author(s):  
Nadheema Hammood Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

Background: First six to twelve months after initial urinary tract infection, most infections are caused by Escherichiacoli, although in the first year of life Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter spp andEnterococcus spp, are more frequent than later in life, and there is a higher risk of urosepsis compared with adulthood Objectives: To determine the prevalence of bacterial isolates from Urinary Tract Infections of children at a children hospital in Baghdad and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. Type of the study: Cross-sectional study. Methods: During six months of study (1 June to 31 December, 2016), 117urine specimens were collected from a children hospital in Baghdad. Results: Out 38 isolates of Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria were obtained from urine specimens in a percentage of 5(13.2%) and 33(86.8%),respectively. The lowest incidence was among the 11-15 years old age group (11.9%) whereas the highest incidence was among the 1-5 years old age group (43.6%)(P≤0.05).Also out of 38positive cultures, the incidence was higher in females 31(81.6%)than that of males 7(18.4%). Out of 38 positive cultures, the isolation rate was 5(13.2%) for Gram positive isolates and 33(86.8%)for Gram negative isolates. The most frequently isolated bacteria was Escherichia coli19(50%)(P-value ≤ 0.05), while the only isolated Gram positive was Staphylococcus aureus5(42.86%) isolates.The most effective antibiotics for Staphylococcus aureus isolates were Vancomycin and Amikacinfor (100%) and for Gram negative isolates wasimipenem (100%). Ampicillin showed the highest resistance rate for both Gram positive and Gram negative isolates(100%) and Pesudomonas aeruginsa isolates showed the highest resistant rates to most antibiotics under study. Conclusions: The most frequently isolated bacteria was E. coli from all urine cultures and the most effective antibiotics for Staphylococcus aureus isolates were Vancomycin and Amikacinfor

scholarly journals Health vigilance concerning female urinary tract infections: Epidemiological profile and antibiotic resistance

2021 ◽  
Vol 319 ◽  
pp. 01009
Author(s):  
Soumaia Farih ◽  
Abderrazak Saddari ◽  
Benhamza Noussaiba ◽  
Adnane Araab ◽  
Loubna Yacoubi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Health Care Team ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Epidemiological Profile ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Female Urinary Tract

The objectives of our work were to establish the epidemiological and bacteriological profile of female urinary tract infection at the Mohammed VI University Hospital of Oujda (Morocco), and then to study the drug resistance of the bacterial strains isolated. This is a retrospective study over 36 months including urine samples from patients hospitalized or consulting at the CHU Mohamed VI of Oujda (Morocco). Urines were processed according to the recommendations of the Medical Microbiology Reference (REMIC) and the EUCAST (European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing). We collected 12556 requests for CBEU from different departments. At the top of the list was the emergency department with a rate of 37% (n= 4666) followed by outpatient clinics (33.1%; n=4226). 5% (n=630) of the CBEU were positive. Escherichia coli (E. coli ) dominated the epidemiological profile with a rate of 72.50% (n=482). E. coli was resistant to penicillins in 69.50% (n=299) of cases, protected penicillins in 34.80% (n=149), third generation cephalosporins (C3G) in 9% (n=38), fluoroquinolones in 17.5% (n=73), Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole in 46% (n=196) of cases and gentamicin in 12% (n=51) of cases. None of the strains were resistant to carbapenems. Awareness-raising on the proper use of antibiotics, issuing national recommendations for the treatment of urinary tract infections in order to standardize therapeutic regimens. Effective control of these infections requires a global prevention strategy that implies close collaboration between epidemiologists, clinicians, bacteriologists, hygienists and the health care team.

scholarly journals Targeting Biofilm of MDR Providencia stuartii by Phages Using a Catheter Model

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 375
Author(s):  
Chani Rakov ◽  
Shira Ben Porat ◽  
Sivan Alkalay-Oren ◽  
Ortal Yerushalmy ◽  
Mohanad Abdalrhman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Phage Therapy ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Providencia Stuartii ◽  
Tract Infections

Providencia spp. are emerging pathogens mainly in nosocomial infections. Providencia stuartii in particular is involved in urinary tract infections and contributes significantly to the high incidence of biofilm-formation in catheterized patients. Furthermore, recent reports suggested a role for multiple drug resistant (MDR) P. stuartii in hospital-associated outbreaks which leads to excessive complications resulting in challenging treatments. Phage therapy is currently one of the most promising solutions to combat antibiotic-resistant infections. However, the number of available phages targeting Providencia spp. is extremely limited, restricting the use of phage therapy in such cases. In the present study, we describe the isolation and characterization of 17 lytic and temperate bacteriophages targeting clinical isolates of Providencia spp. as part of the Israeli Phage Bank (IPB). These phages, isolated from sewage samples, were evaluated for host range activity and effectively eradicated 95% of the tested bacterial strains isolated from different geographic locations and displaying a wide range of antibiotic resistance. Their lytic activity is demonstrated on agar plates, planktonic cultures, and biofilm formed in a catheter model. The results suggest that these bacteriophages can potentially be used for treatment of antibiotic-resistant Providencia spp. infections in general and of urinary tract infections in particular.

scholarly journals Factors associated with ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin resistance in gram-negative bacilli isolated from urinary tract infections

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisiane Martins Volcão ◽  
Juliano Pereira Lacava ◽  
Ivy Bastos Ramis ◽  
Daniela Fernandes Ramos ◽  
Gustavo Souto Damati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Hospital Policy ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
The Cost

Background and Objectives: Fluoroquinolones are one of the most frequently prescribed antimicrobial classes for the treatment of urinary tract infections (UTIs) of both hospital and community origin. This study aims to determine the frequency and the factors associated with resistance to ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin in gram-negative bacilli isolated from patients with UTIs treated in a hospital in southern Brazil. Methods: We performed a transversal and analytical study based on cases of urinary tract infection caused by gram-negative bacteria (GNB) in patients at the Hospital Universitário Dr. Miguel Riet Correa Jr. in Rio Grande/RS from August 2012 to July 2013. Independent variables such as the age and sex of patients, source of infection of the UTI and the characteristics of the bacterial strains were analyzed. Results: Of the 562 GNB analyzed, the total frequencies of ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin resistance were, respectively, 25.5% and 23.3% in strains of community origin and 62.6% and 59% in strains of hospital origin. The risk factors associated with ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin resistance were sex (male), infections acquired in the hospital, longer hospitalization times, and the presence of extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) in the bacterial strains. Conclusions: We observed a strong association between GNB resistance, the time spent in the hospital and the presence of ESBLs. To control antibiotic resistance and to reduce the cost of health care, a strong hospital policy of vigilance is required regarding the use of and resistance to antibiotics.

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