Trend of Bacterial Uropathogens and Their Susceptibility Pattern: Study of Single Academic High-Volume Center in Italy (2015–2019)

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a very widespread infection that can occur in disparate age range, in both sexes and in pregnancy/menopause state. Treatment of UTIs is difficult due to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains. The present study shows five years of data collected on patients admitted at the University Hospital “San Giovann di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona” in Salerno, Italy. The investigation exhibits the incidence of the infection, of the gender, and of the age group affected, identifying the most representative bacteria involved, drawing their profile of antimicrobial resistance. Bacterial identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed using the VITEK 2 system. Among the 46382 studied patients, 9896 (21.34%) and 36486 (78.66%) were positive and negative for microorganism growth, respectively. Of 9896 positive patients, 6158 (62.23%) females and 3738 (37.77%) males were identified. The highest incidence of positive subjects (56.66%) was recorded in the elderly (>61 years). 8431 (85.20%) uropathogens were Gram-negative, 1367 (13.81%) were Gram-positive, and 98 (0.99%) were Candida species (Candida spp.). Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) were the most representative Gram-negative and Gram-positive strains, respectively. The Gram-negative bacteria most representative were highly resistant to ampicillin, whereas among the Gram-positive bacteria, E. faecalis was highly resistant to gentamicin and streptomycin high level synergy, and Enterococcus faecium (E. faecium) to ampicillin, ampicillin/sulbactam, and imipenem. This retrospective work investigates the local epidemiological trend in our university hospital in order to induce an increasingly targeted empirical therapeutic approach for the treatment of UTIs.

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Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Bacterial Pathogens in Urinary Tract Infections in University Hospital of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli” between 2017 and 2018

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics9050215 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 215 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Veronica Folliero ◽

Pina Caputo ◽

Maria Teresa Della Rocca ◽

Annalisa Chianese ◽

Marilena Galdiero ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract ◽

Urinary Tract Infections ◽

The Elderly ◽

University Hospital ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Antibiotic Resistant ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽

Tract Infections

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common and expensive health problem globally. The treatment of UTIs is difficult owing to the onset of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains. The aim of this study was to define the incidence of infections, identify the bacteria responsible, and identify the antimicrobial resistance profile. Patients of all ages and both sexes were included in the study, all admitted to University Hospital of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, between January 2017 and December 2018. Bacterial identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed using matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and Phoenix BD. Among the 1745 studied patients, 541 (31%) and 1204 (69%) were positive and negative for bacterial growth, respectively. Of 541 positive patients, 325 (60%) were females, while 216 (39.9%) were males. The largest number of positive subjects was recorded in the elderly (>61 years). Among the pathogenic strains, 425 (78.5%) were Gram-negative, 107 (19.7%) were Gram-positive, and 9 (1.7%) were Candida species. The most isolated Gram-negative strain is Escherichia coli (E. coli) (53.5%). The most frequent Gram-positive strain was Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) (12.9%). Gram-negative bacteria were highly resistant to ampicillin, whereas Gram-positive bacteria were highly resistant to erythromycin.

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Evaluation of Antibiotic Resistance and Biofilm Production among Clinical Strain Isolated from Medical Devices

International Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1155/2021/9033278 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Veronica Folliero ◽

Gianluigi Franci ◽

Federica Dell’Annunziata ◽

Rosa Giugliano ◽

Francesco Foglia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Medical Devices ◽

University Hospital ◽

Clinical Strain ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Becton Dickinson ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Profile ◽

Flight Mass Spectrometry

Microbial biofilms pose a serious threat to patients requiring medical devices (MDs). Prolonged periods of implantation carry a high risk of device-related infections (DRIs). Patients with DRIs often have negative outcomes following the failure of antibiotic treatment. Resistant DRIs are mainly due to the MDs contamination by bacteria producing biofilm. The present study aimed to detect biofilm formation among MD bacterial isolates and to explore their antibiotic resistance profile. The study was conducted on 76 MDs, collected at University Hospital of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli,” between October 2019 and September 2020. Identification of isolates and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed using Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and Phoenix Becton Dickinson, respectively. Biofilm-forming abilities were assessed using the tissue culture plate (TCP) method. Among the 94 MDs isolated strains, 42.7% were Gram-positive, 40.3% Gram-negative, and 17% Candida species. Among 78 bacterial strains, 43.6% were non-biofilm producers while 56.4% produced biofilms. All biofilm producing isolates were sensitive to a limited spectrum of antibiotic classes. All moderate and strong biofilm producers and 81% of weak biofilm producers were Multidrug Resistance (MDR) strains. In contrast, among non-biofilm producers, only 11.8% were classified as MDR strains. Our results highlighted that Sulfamides and Glycopeptides for the major Gram-positive strains and Fluoroquinolones, Carbapenems, and Aminoglycosides for the most represented Gram-negative isolates could be the most suitable therapeutic choice for most biofilm-DRIs.

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Microbial infection and antibiotic resistance patterns among Jordanian intensive care patients

Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal ◽

10.26719/1996.2.3.515 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 515-520

Author(s):

A. A. Shehabi ◽

L. Baadran

Keyword(s):

Intensive Care ◽

University Hospital ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Microbial Infection ◽

Candida Spp ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Adult Intensive Care Unit ◽

Microbial Infections ◽

Almost All

Microbial infections were observed in 30% [155/519] of all patients consecutively admitted in 1993 to the adult intensive care unit in the Jordan University Hospital in Amman. Gram-negative bacteria were involved in 110 [49%], Gram-positive bacteria in 69 [31%], mixed bacteria species in 25 [11%] and Candida spp. in 19 [9%] of all 223 infection episodes. Five species were isolated most frequently:Staphylococcus aureus [40], Acinetobacter spp. [28] Pseudomonas spp. [22], Enterobacter spp. [20] and Klebsiella spp. [17]. Resistance to most commonly available antibiotics was moderate to very high among Gram-positive and Gram-negative isolates. Almost all Gram-negative bacteria were sensitive to imipenem and ciprofloxacin

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Bacterial uropathogens and burden of antimicrobial resistance pattern in urine specimens referred to Ethiopian Public Health Institute

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0259602 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (11) ◽

pp. e0259602

Author(s):

Tesfa Addis ◽

Yonas Mekonnen ◽

Zeleke Ayenew ◽

Surafel Fentaw ◽

Habtamu Biazin

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Urinary Tract Infections ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Tract Infections ◽

Urine Specimens

Background Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the leading causes of morbidity in the general population, and is the second most common infectious disease after respiratory infections. Appropriate antibiotic therapy is essential to achieving good therapeutic results. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the profile of pathogens cultured from urinary tract infections and to determine their resistance profiles to commonly prescribed antibiotics. Method A cross-sectional study was carried out at the National Referral Laboratory of the Ethiopian Institute of Public Health from January 2017 to December 2018. All positive cultures were characterized by colony morphology, Gram stain, and standard biochemical tests. The antimicrobial susceptibility test of the isolate was performed using the Kirby- Bauer disk diffusion test on Muller-Hinton agar. In addition, bacterial identification, antimicrobial susceptibility testing and phenotypic detection of MDR were performed with VITEK 2 Compact according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Result Out of 1012 cultured urine specimens, 325 (32.1%) was showed significant bacteriuria. The overall prevalence of UTIs was 325(32.1%) and the highest prevalence rate was obtained from 21–30 years age group 73(22.5%). Among UTIs patients, 583(57.6%) were females and 429(42.4%) were males. The UTIs of 179 (55%) women is relatively higher than that of men 146 (45%). Among 325 isolates, Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) appeared more frequently 252 (51.7%) than Gram-positive bacteria 63 (19.4%). In GNB, E. coli 168(66.7%), Klebsiella species 32(12.7%), and Enterobacter species 13 (5.2%) were dominated isolates whereas in GPB accounted for coagulase-negative staphylococcus (CoNS) 33(52.4%), Enterococcus species 16(25.4%), and Staphylococcus aureus 10(15.9%). Major of the isolates showed high levels of antibiotic resistance to commonly prescribed antimicrobials. Imipenem, Amikacin, and Nitrofurantoin were the most sensitive antibiotics for Gram-negative isolates while Nitrofurantoin, clindamycin, and Gentamycin were effective against gram-positive uropathogens. Overall, 156/256(60.9%), 56/256(22.4%), 10/256(4%) of gram-negative isolates were MDR, XDR, and PDR respectively while among the GPB isolates, 34/63(53.1%), 10/63(15.8%), and 1/63(1.6%) were MDR, XDR, and PDR isolates respectively. Among the tested bacterial strains, 190/319 (59.5%) were MDR, 66/319 (20.7%) strains were XDR, and 11/319 (3.45%) were PDR isolated. Conclusion The prevalence of urinary tract infection was high, and Gram-negative organisms were the most common causes of UTIs in this study. It was found that the resistance to commonly used antibiotics is very high. Early detection and close monitoring of MDR, XDR, or even PDR bacterial strains must be started by all clinical microbiology laboratories to reduce the menace of antimicrobial resistance that is now a global problem.

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Antimicrobial Activity of Iron-Halide Complexes Against Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria

10.26434/chemrxiv.11864934.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Nusrat Abedin ◽

Abdullah Hamed A Alshehri ◽

Ali M A Almughrbi ◽

Olivia Moore ◽

Sheikh Alyza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Extracellular Dna ◽

Antibiofilm Activity ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Antimicrobial Substances ◽

Mammalian Cell Lines

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become one of the more serious threats to the global health. The emergence of bacteria resistant to antimicrobial substances decreases the potencies of current antibiotics. Consequently, there is an urgent and growing need for the developing of new classes of antibiotics. Three prepared novel iron complexes have a broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity with minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values ranging from 3.5 to 10 mM and 3.5 to 40 mM against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria with antimicrobial resistance phenotype, respectively. Time-kill studies and quantification of the extracellular DNA confirmed the bacteriolytic mode of action of the iron-halide compounds. Additionally, the novel complexes showed significant antibiofilm activity against the tested pathogenic bacterial strains at concentrations lower than the MBC. The cytotoxic effect of the complexes on different mammalian cell lines show sub-cytotoxic values at concentrations lower than the minimum bactericidal concentrations.

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High Level of Colistin Resistant Gram-negative Bacteria in a University Hospital in Bulgaria

10.7546/crabs.2021.06.12 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yulia Marteva-Proevska ◽

Tsvetan Velinov ◽

Rumyana Markovska ◽

Dilana Dobrikova ◽

Liudmila Boyanova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

University Hospital ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Gram Negative ◽

High Level

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Ultrasonic Irradiation: Synthesis, Characterization, and Preliminary Antimicrobial Activity of Novel Series of 4,6-Disubstituted-1,3,5-triazine Containing Hydrazone Derivatives

Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2016/3464758 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Hessa H. Al-Rasheed ◽

Monirah Al Alshaikh ◽

Jamal M. Khaled ◽

Naiyf S. Alharbi ◽

Ayman El-Faham

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Ultrasonic Irradiation ◽

New Products ◽

Conventional Heating ◽

Pyridine Derivative ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Antimicrobial And Antifungal Activities

Novel series of 4,6-disubstituted-1,3,5-triazines containing hydrazone derivatives were synthesized employing ultrasonic irradiation and conventional heating. The ultrasonication gave the target products in higher yields and purity in shorter reaction time compared with the conventional method. IR, NMR (H 1 and C 13), elemental analysis, and LC-MS confirmed the structures of the new products. The antimicrobial and antifungal activities were evaluated for all the prepared compounds against some selected Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains. The results showed that only two compounds 7i (pyridine derivative) and 7k (4-chlorobenzaldehyde derivative) displayed biological activity against some Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, while the rest of the tested compounds did not display any antifungal activity.

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Microwave Assisted Synthesis and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Schiff Bases of Indole-3-aldehyde

E-Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2011/265329 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 305-311 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Priyanka Kamaria ◽

N. Kawathekar ◽

Prerna Chaturvedi

Keyword(s):

Schiff Bases ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Microwave Assisted Synthesis ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Mass Spectral Analysis ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Mass Spectral ◽

Microwave Assisted ◽

Antimicrobial Evaluation

In order to develop new antimicrobial agents, a series of Schiff bases of indole-3-aldehyde were synthesized by microwave assisted synthesis by takingDMFas solvent and evaluated for their antimicrobial activity. All the synthesized compounds were characterized byIR,1HNMRand mass spectral analysis. All compounds were tested against five gram positive and five gram negative bacterial strains and one fungal strain. All compounds exhibited better activity against gram positive strains than against gram negative strains and the compounds were found more active againstS.aureusandB.subtilis.

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Anticancer and Antimicrobial Activity Evaluation of Cowpea-Porous-Starch-Formulated Silver Nanoparticles

Journal of Nanotechnology ◽

10.1155/2021/5525690 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Shiara Ramdath ◽

John Mellem ◽

Londiwe Simphiwe Mbatha

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Cell Viability ◽

High Dose ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Anticancer Drug Delivery ◽

Ic50 Values ◽

Biosynthesized Agnps

Health issues involving inadequate treatment of diseases such as cancer and microbial infections continue to be the subject of much ongoing recent research. Biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were characterized using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Zeta Sizer, Ultraviolet (UV), and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Their antimicrobial activity was evaluated on selected Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains, using the disc diffusion and broth dilution assays. Cell viability profiles were evaluated using MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) and apoptosis studies on selected human noncancer and cancer cells. The biosynthesized AgNPs were evaluated to be spherical clusters, with sizes between 40 and 70 nm. The absorption peak at 423 nm and the presence of polyphenols confirmed the synthesis and stabilization of these tested AgNPs. The AgNPs showed a good stability of −23.9 ± 1.02 mV. Good antimicrobial activity (6.0–18.0 mm) was seen on all tested bacteria at a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging from 5 to 16 μg/ml, with the highest activity seen against Gram-negative Escherichia coli (18 ± 0.5 mm), and the lowest activity was seen against Gram-positive Listeria monocytogenes (6.0 ± 0.4 mm) after treatment with the AgNPs. These NPs showed a concentration-dependent and cell-specific cytotoxicity with low IC50 values (41.7, 56.3, and 63.8 μg/ml). The NPs were well tolerated by tested cells as indicated by a more than 50% cell viability at the high dose tested and low apoptotic indices (<0.2). These findings indicated that these biosynthesized AgNPs showed great potential as effective antibacterial agents and anticancer drug delivery modalities.

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