scholarly journals Factors associated with ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin resistance in gram-negative bacilli isolated from urinary tract infections

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisiane Martins Volcão ◽  
Juliano Pereira Lacava ◽  
Ivy Bastos Ramis ◽  
Daniela Fernandes Ramos ◽  
Gustavo Souto Damati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Hospital Policy ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
The Cost

Background and Objectives: Fluoroquinolones are one of the most frequently prescribed antimicrobial classes for the treatment of urinary tract infections (UTIs) of both hospital and community origin. This study aims to determine the frequency and the factors associated with resistance to ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin in gram-negative bacilli isolated from patients with UTIs treated in a hospital in southern Brazil. Methods: We performed a transversal and analytical study based on cases of urinary tract infection caused by gram-negative bacteria (GNB) in patients at the Hospital Universitário Dr. Miguel Riet Correa Jr. in Rio Grande/RS from August 2012 to July 2013. Independent variables such as the age and sex of patients, source of infection of the UTI and the characteristics of the bacterial strains were analyzed. Results: Of the 562 GNB analyzed, the total frequencies of ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin resistance were, respectively, 25.5% and 23.3% in strains of community origin and 62.6% and 59% in strains of hospital origin. The risk factors associated with ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin resistance were sex (male), infections acquired in the hospital, longer hospitalization times, and the presence of extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) in the bacterial strains. Conclusions: We observed a strong association between GNB resistance, the time spent in the hospital and the presence of ESBLs. To control antibiotic resistance and to reduce the cost of health care, a strong hospital policy of vigilance is required regarding the use of and resistance to antibiotics.

scholarly journals Bacterial uropathogens and burden of antimicrobial resistance pattern in urine specimens referred to Ethiopian Public Health Institute

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0259602
Author(s):  
Tesfa Addis ◽  
Yonas Mekonnen ◽  
Zeleke Ayenew ◽  
Surafel Fentaw ◽  
Habtamu Biazin
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Urine Specimens

Background Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the leading causes of morbidity in the general population, and is the second most common infectious disease after respiratory infections. Appropriate antibiotic therapy is essential to achieving good therapeutic results. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the profile of pathogens cultured from urinary tract infections and to determine their resistance profiles to commonly prescribed antibiotics. Method A cross-sectional study was carried out at the National Referral Laboratory of the Ethiopian Institute of Public Health from January 2017 to December 2018. All positive cultures were characterized by colony morphology, Gram stain, and standard biochemical tests. The antimicrobial susceptibility test of the isolate was performed using the Kirby- Bauer disk diffusion test on Muller-Hinton agar. In addition, bacterial identification, antimicrobial susceptibility testing and phenotypic detection of MDR were performed with VITEK 2 Compact according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Result Out of 1012 cultured urine specimens, 325 (32.1%) was showed significant bacteriuria. The overall prevalence of UTIs was 325(32.1%) and the highest prevalence rate was obtained from 21–30 years age group 73(22.5%). Among UTIs patients, 583(57.6%) were females and 429(42.4%) were males. The UTIs of 179 (55%) women is relatively higher than that of men 146 (45%). Among 325 isolates, Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) appeared more frequently 252 (51.7%) than Gram-positive bacteria 63 (19.4%). In GNB, E. coli 168(66.7%), Klebsiella species 32(12.7%), and Enterobacter species 13 (5.2%) were dominated isolates whereas in GPB accounted for coagulase-negative staphylococcus (CoNS) 33(52.4%), Enterococcus species 16(25.4%), and Staphylococcus aureus 10(15.9%). Major of the isolates showed high levels of antibiotic resistance to commonly prescribed antimicrobials. Imipenem, Amikacin, and Nitrofurantoin were the most sensitive antibiotics for Gram-negative isolates while Nitrofurantoin, clindamycin, and Gentamycin were effective against gram-positive uropathogens. Overall, 156/256(60.9%), 56/256(22.4%), 10/256(4%) of gram-negative isolates were MDR, XDR, and PDR respectively while among the GPB isolates, 34/63(53.1%), 10/63(15.8%), and 1/63(1.6%) were MDR, XDR, and PDR isolates respectively. Among the tested bacterial strains, 190/319 (59.5%) were MDR, 66/319 (20.7%) strains were XDR, and 11/319 (3.45%) were PDR isolated. Conclusion The prevalence of urinary tract infection was high, and Gram-negative organisms were the most common causes of UTIs in this study. It was found that the resistance to commonly used antibiotics is very high. Early detection and close monitoring of MDR, XDR, or even PDR bacterial strains must be started by all clinical microbiology laboratories to reduce the menace of antimicrobial resistance that is now a global problem.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Bacterial Pathogens in Urinary Tract Infections in University Hospital of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli” between 2017 and 2018

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronica Folliero ◽  
Pina Caputo ◽  
Maria Teresa Della Rocca ◽  
Annalisa Chianese ◽  
Marilena Galdiero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Tract Infections

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common and expensive health problem globally. The treatment of UTIs is difficult owing to the onset of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains. The aim of this study was to define the incidence of infections, identify the bacteria responsible, and identify the antimicrobial resistance profile. Patients of all ages and both sexes were included in the study, all admitted to University Hospital of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, between January 2017 and December 2018. Bacterial identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed using matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and Phoenix BD. Among the 1745 studied patients, 541 (31%) and 1204 (69%) were positive and negative for bacterial growth, respectively. Of 541 positive patients, 325 (60%) were females, while 216 (39.9%) were males. The largest number of positive subjects was recorded in the elderly (>61 years). Among the pathogenic strains, 425 (78.5%) were Gram-negative, 107 (19.7%) were Gram-positive, and 9 (1.7%) were Candida species. The most isolated Gram-negative strain is Escherichia coli (E. coli) (53.5%). The most frequent Gram-positive strain was Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) (12.9%). Gram-negative bacteria were highly resistant to ampicillin, whereas Gram-positive bacteria were highly resistant to erythromycin.

scholarly journals In Vitro Coliform Resistance to Bioactive Compounds in Urinary Infection, Assessed in a Lab Catheterization Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 4315
Author(s):  
Emanuel Vamanu ◽  
Laura Dorina Dinu ◽  
Cristina Mihaela Luntraru ◽  
Alexandru Suciu
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Functional Product ◽  
Tract Infections

Bioactive compounds and phenolic compounds are viable alternatives to antibiotics in recurrent urinary tract infections. This study aimed to use a natural functional product, based on the bioactive compounds’ composition, to inhibit the uropathogenic strains of Escherichia coli. E. coli ATCC 25922 was used to characterize the IVCM (new in vitro catheterization model). As support for reducing bacterial proliferation, the cytotoxicity against a strain of Candida albicans was also determined (over 75% at 1 mg/mL). The results were correlated with the analysis of the distribution of biologically active compounds (trans-ferulic acid-268.44 ± 0.001 mg/100 g extract and an equal quantity of Trans-p-coumaric acid and rosmarinic acid). A pronounced inhibitory effect against the uropathogenic strain E. coli 317 (4 log copy no./mL after 72 h) was determined. The results showed a targeted response to the product for tested bacterial strains. The importance of research resulted from the easy and fast characterization of the functional product with antimicrobial effect against uropathogenic strains of E. coli. This study demonstrated that the proposed in vitro model was a valuable tool for assessing urinary tract infections with E. coli.

scholarly journals Effect of Hydrolysable Tannins and Anthocyanins on Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections in Nephropathic Patients: Preliminary Data

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annalisa Noce ◽  
Francesca Di Daniele ◽  
Margherita Campo ◽  
Manuela Di Lauro ◽  
Anna Pietroboni Zaitseva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Bioactive Compound ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Quercetin Derivatives ◽  
Hydrolysable Tannins ◽  
Tract Infections

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are caused by uropathogenic microorganism colonization. UTIs often require an antibiotic therapy that can cause the selection of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains. A natural bioactive compound may represent a valid therapeutic adjuvant approach, in combination with drug therapy. In this paper, we present a pilot study, based on the administration of an oral food supplement (OFS), containing chestnut tannins and anthocyanins, to nephropathic patients suffering from recurrent UTIs (16 treated patients with 1 cp/day and 10 untreated patients). We performed laboratory tests and quality of life and body composition assessments, at T0 (baseline) and T1 (after 6 weeks OFS assumption). The analysis of OFS was performed by HPLC-DAD-MS for its content in polyphenols and by in vitro tests for its antioxidative and anti-free radical activities. In each capsule, polyphenol content was 6.21 mg (4.57 mg hydrolysable tannins, 0.94 mg anthocyanosides, 0.51 mg proanthocyanidins, 0.18 mg quercetin derivatives). A significant reduction of erythrocyte sedimentation rate was observed only in male patients. Urinalysis showed a significant reduction of leukocytes in both genders, whereas urinary bacterial flora at T1 significantly decreased only in male subjects. Tannins seem to exert an antimicrobial action according to gender, useful to counteract the recurrence of UTIs.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document