scholarly journals DNA Damage in Human Amniotic Cells: Antigenotoxic Potential of Curcumin and α-Lipoic Acid

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1137
Author(s):  
Filomena Mottola ◽  
Marianna Santonastaso ◽  
Concetta Iovine ◽  
Cristina Rossetti ◽  
Valentina Ronga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipoic Acid ◽  
Genetic Disorders ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Induced Mutations ◽  
Dna Breaks ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Fragmentation Index ◽  
Random Amplification

Oxidative imbalances in the gestational phase are responsible for certain complications during pregnancy and for foetal and neonatal genetic disorders. In this work, using human amniocytes, we aimed to evaluate the protection provided to foetal DNA by two concentrations of antioxidant molecules, α-lipoic acid (LA) and curcumin (Cur), against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced damage. Genotoxicity tests, performed by the random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD-PCR) technique and TUNEL tests, showed that the lowest concentration of LA-protected cells and DNA from H2O2 insults. However, a greater ability to protect the amniocytes’ DNA against H2O2 was observed following co-treatment with the highest concentration of Cur with H2O2. In fact, a genomic template stability (GTS%) similar to that of the negative control and a statistically significant reduction in the DNA fragmentation index (DFI) were revealed. Moreover, following a combined treatment with both antioxidants and H2O2, no statistical difference from controls was observed, in terms of both induced mutations and DNA breaks. Furthermore, no effect on morphology or cell viability was observed. The results demonstrate the ability of LA and Cur to protect the genetic material of amniocytes against genotoxic insults, suggesting their beneficial effects in pathologies related to oxidative stress.

Gene Therapy for Inherited Retinopathies: Update on Development Progress

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 219-226
Author(s):  
Susan Sun ◽  
Sandra R. Montezuma
Keyword(s):  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Genetic Disorders ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Supportive Therapy ◽  
The Us ◽  
Retinal Disorders ◽  
The Status ◽  
Therapy Treatment

Inherited retinopathies are a group of genetic disorders that lead to blindness and/or vision impairment. Until now, treatment options for inherited retinopathies largely remained limited to supportive therapy. Gene therapy is an attractive therapeutic technique that allows repair of diseased genes, and it has shown success in vision improvement for patients affected by retinal disorders caused by genetic mutations. The US Food and Drug Administration approved the first gene therapy treatment for the eye, indicated for biallelic RPE65 mutation associated Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA), in December of 2017. Additionally, results from other ongoing clinical trials could further establish gene therapy as the milestone treatment that plays a role in disease process reversal for inherited retinopathies. This review article provides an update on the status of gene therapy for treatment of a variety of retinopathies, including LCA, choroideremia, achromatopsia, Stargardt disease, X-linked retinitis pigmentosa, and X-linked retinoschisis. Furthermore, this article explores transport methods of the genetic material, as well as therapy-delivery approaches used in the clinical setting.

scholarly journals Gene Therapy: The Molecular Bandage for Treating Genetic Disorders

1970 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-27
Author(s):  
Md Manjurul Karim
Keyword(s):  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Viral Vectors ◽  
Genetic Disorders ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Cell Tissue ◽  
Efficient Gene ◽  
Effective Delivery ◽  
A Cell

The concept of gene therapy involves the transfer of genetic material into a cell, tissue, or whole organ, with a view to curing a disease or at least improving the clinical status of a patient. Much of its success relies heavily on the development of an effective delivery system that is capable of efficient gene transfer in a variety of tissues, without causing any associated pathogenic effects. Viral vectors currently offer the best choice for efficient gene delivery, what has been discussed in this review article. Their performance and pathogenecity has been evaluated in animal models, and encouraging results form the basis for clinical trials to treat genetic disorders and acquired diseases. Despite some initial success in these trials, vector development remains a seminal concern for improved gene therapy technologies. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/akmmcj.v3i1.10110 AKMMCJ 2012; 3(1): 24-27

scholarly journals Effect of Curcuma zedoaria hydro-alcoholic extract on learning, memory deficits and oxidative damage of brain tissue following seizures induced by pentylenetetrazole in rat

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Touran Mahmoudi ◽  
Zahra Lorigooini ◽  
Mahmoud Rafieian-kopaei ◽  
Mehran Arabi ◽  
Zahra Rabiei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Maze ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Seizure Threshold ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Curcuma Zedoaria ◽  
Memory And Learning ◽  
Tonic Seizure ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Background Previous studies have shown that seizures can cause cognitive disorders. On the other hand, the Curcuma zedoaria (CZ) has beneficial effects on the nervous system. However, there is little information on the possible effects of the CZ extract on seizures. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible effects of CZ extract on cognitive impairment and oxidative stress induced by epilepsy in rats. Methods Rats were randomly divided into different groups. In all rats (except the sham group), kindling was performed by intraperitoneal injection of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) at a dose of 35 mg/kg every 48 h for 14 days. Positive group received 2 mg/kg diazepam + PTZ; treatment groups received 100, 200 or 400 mg/kg CZ extract + PTZ; and one group received 0.5 mg/kg flumazenil and CZ extract + PTZ. Shuttle box and Morris Water Maze tests were used to measure memory and learning. On the last day of treatments PTZ injection was at dose of 60 mg/kg, tonic seizure threshold and mortality rate were recorded in each group. After deep anesthesia, blood was drawn from the rats’ hearts and the hippocampus of all rats was removed. Results Statistical analysis of the data showed that the CZ extract significantly increased the tonic seizure threshold and reduced the pentylenetetrazol-induced mortality and the extract dose of 400 mg/kg was selected as the most effective dose compared to the other doses. It was also found that flumazenil (a GABAA receptor antagonist) reduced the tonic seizure threshold compared to the effective dose of the extract. The results of shuttle box and Morris water maze behavioral tests showed that memory and learning decreased in the negative control group and the CZ extract treatment improved memory and learning in rats. The CZ extract also increased antioxidant capacity, decreased MDA and NO in the brain and serum of pre-treated groups in compared to the negative control group. Conclusion: It is concluded that the CZ extract has beneficial effects on learning and memory impairment in PTZ-induced epilepsy model, which has been associated with antioxidant effects in the brain or possibly exerts its effects through the GABAergic system.

scholarly journals The Immunomodulatory Effect of Alpha-Lipoic Acid in Autoimmune Diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Liu ◽  
Lian-jie Shi ◽  
Sheng-guang Li
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Lipoic Acid ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Immunomodulatory Effect ◽  
Alpha Lipoic Acid ◽  
Immunomodulatory Effects ◽  
Immune Systems ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Naturally Occurring

Αlpha-lipoic acid is a naturally occurring antioxidant in human body and has been widely used as an antioxidant clinically. Accumulating evidences suggested that α-lipoic acid might have immunomodulatory effects on both adaptive and innate immune systems. This review focuses on the evidences and potential targets involved in the immunomodulatory effects of α-lipoic acid. It highlights the fact that α-lipoic acid may have beneficial effects in autoimmune diseases once the immunomodulatory effects can be confirmed by further investigation.

Beneficial effects of dl-α-lipoic acid on cyclophosphamide-induced oxidative stress in mitochondrial fractions of rat testis

2005 ◽  
Vol 152 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elangovan Selvakumar ◽  
Chidambaram Prahalathan ◽  
Yenjerla Mythili ◽  
Palaninathan Varalakshmi
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipoic Acid ◽  
Rat Testis ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Mitochondrial Fractions

scholarly journals IS6110-Mediated Deletions of Wild-Type Chromosomes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

1999 ◽  
Vol 181 (3) ◽  
pp. 1014-1020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Fang ◽  
C. Doig ◽  
D. T. Kenna ◽  
N. Smittipat ◽  
P. Palittapongarnpim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Homologous Recombination ◽  
Insertion Sequence ◽  
Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Induced Mutations ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
A Site ◽  
Obvious Feature

ABSTRACT The ipl locus is a site for the preferential insertion of IS6110 and has been identified as an insertion sequence, IS1547, in its own right. Various deletions around theipl locus of clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were identified, and these deletions ranged in length from several hundred base pairs up to several kilobase pairs. The most obvious feature shared by these deletions was the presence of an IS6110 copy at the deletion sites, which suggested two possible mechanisms for their occurrence, IS6110transposition and homologous recombination. To clarify the mechanism, an investigation was conducted; the results suggest that although deletion transpositionally mediated by IS6110 was a possibility, homologous recombination was a more likely one. The implications of such chromosomal rearrangements for the evolution ofM. tuberculosis, for IS6110-mediated mutagenesis, and for the development of genetic tools are discussed. The deletion of genomic DNA in isolates of M. tuberculosishas previously been noted at only a few sites. This study examined the deletional loss of genetic material at a new site and suggests that such losses may occur elsewhere too and may be more prevalent than was previously thought. Distinct from the study of laboratory-induced mutations, the detailed analysis of clinical isolates, in combination with knowledge of their evolutionary relationships to each other, gives us the opportunity to study mutational diversity in isolates that have survived in the human host and therefore offers a different perspective on the importance of particular genetic markers in pathogenesis.

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