scholarly journals Analysis of Lipophilic Antioxidants in the Leaves of Kaempferia parviflora Wall. Ex Baker Using LC–MRM–MS and GC–FID/MS

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1573
Author(s):  
Kihwan Song ◽  
Ramesh Kumar Saini ◽  
Young-Soo Keum ◽  
Iyyakkannu Sivanesan
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Vitamin K1 ◽  
Ex Vitro ◽  
Kaempferia Parviflora ◽  
Total Carotenoids ◽  
Lipophilic Compounds ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Lipophilic Antioxidant ◽  
Β Carotene

Lipophilic metabolites such as carotenoids, fatty acids, vitamin K1, phytosterols, and tocopherols are important antioxidants that are used in the cosmetics, foods, and nutraceutical industries. Recently, there has been a growing demand for the use of byproducts (wastes) as a potential source of industrially important compounds. The leaves of Kaempferia parviflora (black ginger) (KP-BG) are major byproducts of KP-BG cultivation and have been reported to contain several bioactive metabolites; however, the composition of lipophilic metabolites in KP-BG leaves has not been examined. In this study, the lipophilic antioxidant profile was analyzed in the leaves of KP-BG plants grown in vitro and ex vitro. Lipophilic compounds, namely carotenoids (80.40–93.84 µg/g fresh weight (FW)), tocopherols (42.23–46.22 µg/g FW), phytosterols (37.69–44.40 µg/g FW), and vitamin K1 (7.25–7.31 µg/g FW), were quantified using LC–MRM–MS. The fatty acid profile of the KP-BG leaves was identified using GC–FID/MS. The content of individual lipophilic compounds varied among the KP-BG leaves. Ex vitro KP-BG leaves had high levels of lutein (44.38 µg/g FW), α-carotene (14.79 µg/g FW), neoxanthin (12.30 µg/g FW), β-carotene (11.33 µg/g FW), violaxanthin (11.03 µg/g FW), α-tocopherol (39.70 µg/g FW), α-linolenic acid (43.12%), palmitic acid (23.78%), oleic acid (12.28%), palmitoleic acid (3.64%), total carotenoids (93.84 µg/g FW), and tocopherols (46.22 µg/g FW) compared with in vitro KP-BG leaves. These results indicate that ex-vitro-grown KP-BG leaves could be used as a valuable natural source for extracting important lipophilic antioxidants.

Biochemical study of root extract of Withania somnifera (L.)plant through HPLC analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naveen Gaurav ◽  
Arun Kumar ◽  
Aditi Grover ◽  
Deepak Som ◽  
U. K. Chauhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Withania Somnifera ◽  
Biochemical Study ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Ex Vitro ◽  
Withanolide A ◽  
Shoot Tip Explants ◽  
Quality Production

Secondary metabolite contents of W. somnifera varied remarkably between seasons and genotypes under ex vitro condition. In vitro studies provide an optimum culture condition for steady and quality production of bioactive chemicals throughout the year without involvement of environmental stresses. Mass production of micro-shoots and plantlets by exploring the organogenic totipotency of shoot tip explants (ex vitro and in vitro grown) considering two elite genotypes (Poshita and Jawahar 22) of W. somnifera, and assessment of their capability in production and accumulation of bioactive metabolites (total alkaloid and withanolides amount were quantified; withanolide A and withaferin A contents were estimated by High Performance Liquid Chromatography-HPLC).

scholarly journals Anethum graveolens L. In Vitro Cultures – a Potential Source of Bioactive Metabolites, Phenolic Acids and Furanocoumarins

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Szopa ◽  
Halina Ekiert
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
In Vitro Cultures ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Hydroxybenzoic Acid ◽  
Production Medium ◽  
Anethum Graveolens ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Free Phenolic Acids

Abstract In vitro cultures of Anethum graveolens (dill) were maintained on the Linsmaier and Skoog (LS) medium – three variants, and the Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium – seven variants, which contained different amounts of plant growth regulators, cytokinin (BAP) and auxin (NAA) (from 0.1 mg l−1 to 3.0 mg l−1). Methanolic extracts from in vitro grown biomass were analyzed by HPLC for free phenolic acids and furanocoumarins. The total amounts of free phenolic acids on the LS medium variants were similar (35.23–38.65 mg 100 g−1 DW), but higher on the MS variants, ranging from about 66 mg 100 g−1 DW to 100 mg 100 g−1 DW. The main metabolites were: p-hydroxybenzoic acid (max. 24.41 mg 100 g−1 DW) on the LS−based media, and salicylic acid (max. 57.88 mg 100 g−1 DW) and p-hydroxybenzoic acid (max. 36.27 mg 100 g−1 DW) on the MS−based media. The total amounts of furanocoumarins were lower, as they did not exceed 8.5 mg 100 g−1 DW on the LS media and 25 mg 100 g−1 DW on the MS media. The main compounds in this group were bergapten (max. 15.01 mg 100 g−1 DW) and marmesin (max. 8.12 mg 100 g−1 DW). The MS variant containing 0.5 mg l−1 BAP and 2.0 mg l−1 NAA was proposed as the best production medium for both groups of metabolites. The maximum total amounts of free phenolic acids obtained in the in vitro grown biomass were slightly higher than their amounts in the fruits of the mother plant analyzed for comparison (99.66 mg 100 g−1 DW and 93.34 mg 100 g−1 DW, respectively); the maximum total amounts of furanocoumarins were approximately 1.8 times higher than in the fruits (24.26 mg 100 g−1 DW and 13.67 mg 100 g−1 DW, respectively).

scholarly journals Insights of Sea Buckthorn Extract’s Encapsulation by Coacervation Technique

Inventions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Diana Roman ◽  
Nina Nicoleta Condurache (Lazăr) ◽  
Iuliana Aprodu ◽  
Elena Enachi ◽  
Vasilica Barbu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Sea Buckthorn ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Total Carotenoids ◽  
Total Polyphenol ◽  
Color Structure ◽  
Bioactive Ingredients ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Β Carotene

Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) represents a valuable source of biologically active compounds such as carotenoids and polyphenols. High amounts of these substances are found in its fruits, bark, and leaves. However, their bioavailability is limited and must be increased in order to benefit from the properties they exert. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to increase the stability and bioavailability of sea buckthorn fruit’s bioactives. The sea buckthorn’s bioactive compounds were extracted with a solvent combination between glacial acetic acid, acetone, and water on one side and water only on the other side. Afterward, the phytochemicals from the extracts were encapsulated using the coacervation technique, followed by freeze-drying in order to obtain stable powders. The powders were characterized in terms of antioxidant activity, total carotenoids, β-carotene, lycopene, total polyphenol, and total flavonoid content, color, structure, and morphology. The phytochemical stability of the powders and their antioxidant activity was assessed during 270 days of storage at 4 °C. Moreover, the bioavailability of phytochemicals was measured during in vitro simulated digestibility. Our findings provide insights to promote carotenoids and polyphenols from sea buckthorn as bioactive ingredients with multiple purposes.

scholarly journals Cooking African Pumpkin Leaves (Momordica balsamina L.) by Stir-Frying Improved Bioactivity and Bioaccessibility of Metabolites—Metabolomic and Chemometric Approaches

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2890
Author(s):  
Petunia Mashiane ◽  
Vimbainashe E. Manhivi ◽  
Tinotenda Shoko ◽  
Retha M. Slabbert ◽  
Yasmina Sultanbawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Cooking Methods ◽  
Good Source ◽  
Marker Compounds ◽  
Traditional Vegetable ◽  
Β Carotene

The leaves of African pumpkins (Momordica balsamina L.) are a commonly consumed traditional vegetable. They are a good source of polyphenolic antioxidants and carotenoids, which are, however, affected by cooking or digestion. We investigated the effect of household cooking methods (stir-frying or boiling) on the changes in bioactive metabolites, antioxidant capacity, release and accessibility of β-carotene and also inhibition of inhibitory activity against α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes during in vitro digestion of African pumpkin leaves compared to the raw leaves. Compared to boiled or raw leaves, stir-frying improved the availability of bioactive metabolites at the gastrointestinal phase. Quercetin 3-galactoside and rhamnetin 3-O-glucoside (marker compounds) discriminated the stir-fried leaves from raw leaves and boiled leaves after digestion. Stir-frying improved the release and accessibility of β-carotene and enhanced the antioxidant activities compared to boiling. Dialysable fractions of stir-fried leaves exhibited the greatest inhibitory activity against α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes compared to the raw and boiled leaves, as well as acarbose. Stir-frying, therefore, is recommended for use in household cooking to benefit consumers by increasing the intake of phenolics and β-carotene.

scholarly journals Improving the In Vitro Bioaccessibility of β-Carotene Using Pectin Added Nanoemulsions

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Júlia Teixé-Roig ◽  
Gemma Oms-Oliu ◽  
Sara Ballesté-Muñoz ◽  
Isabel Odriozola-Serrano ◽  
Olga Martín-Belloso
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Lipophilic Compounds ◽  
Gastrointestinal Conditions ◽  
Physicochemical Stability ◽  
Oil In Water ◽  
In Vitro Bioaccessibility ◽  
Β Carotene ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Carotene Degradation

The intestinal absorption of lipophilic compounds such as β-carotene has been reported to increase when they are incorporated in emulsion-based delivery systems. Moreover, the reduction of emulsions particle size and the addition of biopolymers in the systems seems to play an important role in the emulsion properties but also in their behavior under gastrointestinal conditions and the absorption of the encapsulated compound in the intestine. Hence, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of pectin addition (0%, 1%, and 2%) on the physicochemical stability of oil-in-water nanoemulsions containing β-carotene during 35 days at 4 °C, the oil digestibility and the compound bioaccessibility. The results showed that nanoemulsions presented greater stability and lower β-carotene degradation over time in comparison with coarse emulsion, which was further reduced with the addition of pectin. Moreover, nanoemulsions presented a faster digestibility irrespective of the pectin concentration used and a higher β-carotene bioaccessibility as the pectin concentration increased, being the maximum of ≈36% in nanoemulsion with 2% of pectin. These results highlight the potential of adding pectin to β-carotene nanoemulsions to enhance their functionality by efficiently preventing the compound degradation and increasing the in vitro bioaccessibility.

scholarly journals Establishment of a Rapid Micropropagation System for Kaempferia parviflora Wall. Ex Baker: Phytochemical Analysis of Leaf Extracts and Evaluation of Biological Activities

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 698
Author(s):  
Han Yong Park ◽  
Kyung-Su Kim ◽  
Gunes Ak ◽  
Gokhan Zengin ◽  
Zoltán Cziáky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
In Vitro Cultures ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Ex Vitro ◽  
Kaempferia Parviflora ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Rhizome Buds

This study aimed to establish a rapid in vitro plant regeneration method from rhizome buds of Kaempferia parviflora to obtain the valuable secondary metabolites with antioxidant and enzyme inhibition properties. The disinfection effect of silver oxide nanoparticles (AgO NPs) on rhizome and effects of plant growth regulators on shoot multiplication and subsequent rooting were investigated. Surface sterilization of rhizome buds with sodium hypochlorite was insufficient to control contamination. However, immersing rhizome buds in 100 mg L−1 AgO NPs for 60 min eliminated contamination without affecting the survival of explants. The number of shoots (12.2) produced per rhizome bud was higher in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 8 µM of 6-Benzyladenine (6-BA) and 0.5 µM of Thidiazuron (TDZ) than other treatments. The highest number of roots (24), with a mean root length of 7.8 cm and the maximum shoot length (9.8 cm), were obtained on medium MS with 2 µM of Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). A survival rate of 98% was attained when plantlets of K. parviflora were acclimatized in a growth room. Liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to determine the chemical profile of K. parviflora leaf extracts. Results showed that several biologically active flavonoids reported in rhizomes were also present in leaf tissues of both in vitro cultured and ex vitro (greenhouse-grown) plantlets of K. parviflora. We found 40 and 36 compounds in in vitro cultured and ex vitro grown leaf samples, respectively. Greenhouse leaves exhibited more potent antioxidant activities than leaves from in vitro cultures. A higher acetylcholinesterase inhibitory ability was obtained for greenhouse leaves (1.07 mg/mL). However, leaves from in vitro cultures exhibited stronger butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory abilities. These results suggest that leaves of K. parviflora, as major byproducts of black ginger cultivation, could be used as valuable alternative sources for extracting bioactive compounds.

scholarly journals In vitro antioxidant activity and protective effect of Hertia cheirifolia L. n-butanol extract against liver and heart mitochondrial oxidative stress in rat

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-45
Author(s):  
Mouna Menakh ◽  
Djahida Mahdi ◽  
Saber Boutellaa ◽  
Amar Zellagui ◽  
Mesbah Lahouel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress ◽  
Butanol Extract ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Β Carotene ◽  
In Vitro Antioxidant Activity

AbstractThe current study investigated the protective effect of Hertia cheirifolia L. n-butanol extract on oxidative stress in vitro by measuring lipid peroxidation (MDA) level and superoxide anion (O2•-) production in liver and heart mitochondria of rat. In addition, the antioxidant potential of H. cheirifolia n-butanol extract was evaluated by using five methods: ABTS•+, O2•-, Bleaching of β-carotene in linoleic acid, CUPRAC and Ferric reducing power. The results indicated that n-butanol extract contained large amounts of total phenolics (203.52±1.81 mg GAE/g) and flavonoids (104.86±0.57 mg QE/g), and had an interesting antioxidant activity and protective effect on mitochondrial oxidative stress. Therefore, H. cheirifolia n-butanol extract may serve as potential source of natural antioxidant for pharmaceutical applications.

scholarly journals Dietary supplementation with carotenoids: effects on α-tocopherol levels and susceptibility of tissues to oxidative stress

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan A. Woodall ◽  
George Britton ◽  
Malcolm J. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Oxidant Stress ◽  
Cumene Hydroperoxide ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Total Carotenoids ◽  
Β Carotene

The ability of dietary supplementation with carotenoids to protect chick tissues against oxidative stress in vitro was examined. Male Leghorn chicks were fed on diets supplemented (100 mg supplement/kg diet) with either β-carotene, zeaxanthin (β,β-carotene-3,3'-diol), canthaxanthin (β,β-carotene-4,4'-dione) or α-tocopherol, or on a control diet, from 1 d old until 37 d of age. Tissues (liver, heart, skeletal muscle and plasma) were removed and assayed for total carotenoids and α-tocopherol content and portions subjected to oxidative stress by incubation of homogenates with cumene hydroperoxide and FeSO4. Animals receiving zeaxanthin and canthaxanthin had significantly greater carotenoid concentrations in liver, heart, muscle and plasma compared with untreated controls (P < 0·05); animals fed on diets supplemented with β-carotene or α-tocopherol did not have significantly different tissue carotenoid contents compared with untreated controls. α-Tocopherol supplementation elevated α-tocopherol levels in all tissues examined (P < 0·05). Supplementation with caroteuoids did not affect tissue α-tocopherol levels, but β-carotene lowered plasma α-tocopherol levels by 50% (P < 0·05). Incubation of plasma or tissue homogenates with oxidant stressors induced lipid peroxidation (production of thiobarbituric-acid reactive substances) in all tissues. Animals given α-tocopherol, β-carotene or zeaxanthin had a reduced susceptibility to oxidant stress in liver compared with unsupplemented controls (P < 0·05), and α-tocopherol-supplemented animals had reduced susceptibility in skeletal muscle compared with unsupplemented controls (P < 0·05). Canthaxanthin supplementation did not influence the susceptibility to oxidant stress in any tissue examined. These results suggest that zeaxanthin, a carotenoid present in animal and human diets, may have significant activity as an antioxidant against oxidative stress in tissues.

Anti-Alzheimer Chemical Constituents of Morus macroura Miq.: Chemical Profiling, In silico, and In vitro Investigations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seham S. Elhawary ◽  
Ahmed Mohamed Sayed ◽  
Marwa Yousry Issa ◽  
Hanaa S. Ebrahim ◽  
Rania Alaaeldin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Chemical Profiling ◽  
Potential Source

Herein, we investigated both fruits and leaves of M. macroura Miq. as a potential source of bioactive metabolites against Alzheimer's disease (AD). Chemical profiling of its extracts showed that they...

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