scholarly journals Paraben Compounds—Part I: An Overview of Their Characteristics, Detection, and Impacts

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 2307
Author(s):  
João Lincho ◽  
Rui C. Martins ◽  
João Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Community ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Human Tissues ◽  
Antimicrobial Compounds ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Different Water Sources

Parabens are widely used in different industries as preservatives and antimicrobial compounds. The evolution of analytical techniques allowed the detection of these compounds in different sources at µg/L and ng/L. Until today, parabens were already found in water sources, air, soil and even in human tissues. The impact of parabens in humans, animals and in ecosystems are a matter of discussion within the scientific community, but it is proven that parabens can act as endocrine disruptors, and some reports suggest that they are carcinogenic compounds. The presence of parabens in ecosystems is mainly related to wastewater discharges. This work gives an overview about the paraben problem, starting with their characteristics and applications. Moreover, the dangers related to their usage were addressed through the evaluation of toxicological studies over different species as well as of humans. Considering this, paraben detection in different water sources, wastewater treatment plants, humans and animals was analyzed based on literature results. A review of European legislation regarding parabens was also performed, presenting some considerations for the use of parabens.

scholarly journals Exploring metabolic adaptation of Streptococcus pneumoniae to antibiotics

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (7) ◽  
pp. 441-454
Author(s):  
Anne Leonard ◽  
Kevin Möhlis ◽  
Rabea Schlüter ◽  
Edward Taylor ◽  
Michael Lalk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Metabolic Adaptation ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Antimicrobial Compounds ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
New Antibiotics ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The Gram-positive bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae is one of the common causes of community acquired pneumonia, meningitis, and otitis media. Analyzing the metabolic adaptation toward environmental stress conditions improves our understanding of its pathophysiology and its dependency on host-derived nutrients. In this study, extra- and intracellular metabolic profiles were evaluated to investigate the impact of antimicrobial compounds targeting different pathways of the metabolome of S. pneumoniae TIGR4Δcps. For the metabolomics approach, we analyzed the complex variety of metabolites by using 1H NMR, HPLC-MS, and GC–MS as different analytical techniques. Through this combination, we detected nearly 120 metabolites. For each antimicrobial compound, individual metabolic effects were detected that often comprised global biosynthetic pathways. Cefotaxime altered amino acids metabolism and carbon metabolism. The purine and pyrimidine metabolic pathways were mostly affected by moxifloxacin treatment. The combination of cefotaxime and azithromycin intensified the stress response compared with the use of the single antibiotic. However, we observed that three cell wall metabolites were altered only by treatment with the combination of the two antibiotics. Only moxifloxacin stress-induced alternation in CDP-ribitol concentration. Teixobactin-Arg10 resulted in global changes of pneumococcal metabolism. To meet the growing requirements for new antibiotics, our metabolomics approach has shown to be a promising complement to other OMICs investigations allowing insights into the mode of action of novel antimicrobial compounds.

scholarly journals Occurrence and Fate of Emerging Pollutants in Water Environment and Options for Their Removal

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 181
Author(s):  
Ionela Cătălina Vasilachi ◽  
Dana Mihaela Asiminicesei ◽  
Daniela Ionela Fertu ◽  
Maria Gavrilescu
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Emerging Pollutants ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
The Impact

Emerging pollutants (EPs) are chemicals known to cause major impacts on the terrestrial, aquatic life and human health as a result of their chronic and acute toxicity. Although lots of studies on EPs behavior in the aquatic environment are currently available in literature, an urgent requirement exists to complete toxicological studies and develop and implement efficient and ecological methods for their removal. This paper raises some relevant problems related to water environment pollution with EPs, the risks they can generate for aquatic life and humans and opportunities to reduce the effects of pollution by EPs removal. Categories of emerging chemicals of concern in the environment, their sources, fate and impacts, with some examples are discussed. Organic UV filters are shortly presented as a relative new EPs category, with a focus on the need to develop extensive experimental studies on their environmental occurrence, fate and removal. Furthermore, sources for the aquatic environment resulting from discharging EPs directly into rivers from wastewater treatment plants are examined. The incidence of environmental and human health risks related to EPs is also considered. The removal of EPs from the environment as a solution to risk mitigation is addressed, with emphasis on several non-conventional processes involving biological removal of EPs. The paper provides a critical look at the current challenges posed by the presence of emerging pollutants in the aquatic environment, with critical comments and recommendations for further research to reduce the impact of EPs on water and human health and improve the performance of developed methods for their removal.

Role of chromium (III) in the nutrition of pigs and cattle

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-62
Author(s):  
R. Iskra ◽  
V. Vlizlo ◽  
R. Fedoruk
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Metabolic Effect ◽  
Considerable Part ◽  
Cultural Medium ◽  
Milk Performance ◽  
Chromium Compounds ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Sources

The results of our studies and the data of modern literature regarding the biological role of Cr(III) compounds in conditions of their application in the nutrition for pigs and cattle are discussed. The metabolic impact of Cr(III), coming from different sources – mineral and organic compounds, obtained by chemical synthesis or a nanotechnological method (chromium citrate), as well as in the form of biocomplexes from the cultural medium of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeasts was analyzed. The metabolic connection between the impact of Cr(III) and the biosynthesis of some hormones – insulin, cortisol – as well as the sensitivity of some tissues and organs to the effect of chromium compounds was studied. A considerable part of the review material was dedicated to the metabolic effect of Cr(III) compounds on the reproductive function of pigs and cattle and their impact on the viability of the offspring and gametes of animals. The data about the stimulating effect of Cr(III) on the growth and development of the organism of piglets and calves, meat and milk performance of these species of animals are discussed. The relevance of dosing Cr(III) in the nutrition of pigs and cattle is highlighted.

ON THE CLASSIFICATION OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IN CIVIL PROCESS

2019 ◽  
pp. 27-35
Author(s):  
Alexandr Neznamov
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Significant Feature ◽  
Legal Proceedings ◽  
Civil Process ◽  
Civil Proceedings ◽  
Processing Information ◽  
The Impact

Digital technologies are no longer the future but are the present of civil proceedings. That is why any research in this direction seems to be relevant. At the same time, some of the fundamental problems remain unattended by the scientific community. One of these problems is the problem of classification of digital technologies in civil proceedings. On the basis of instrumental and genetic approaches to the understanding of digital technologies, it is concluded that their most significant feature is the ability to mediate the interaction of participants in legal proceedings with information; their differentiating feature is the function performed by a particular technology in the interaction with information. On this basis, it is proposed to distinguish the following groups of digital technologies in civil proceedings: a) technologies of recording, storing and displaying (reproducing) information, b) technologies of transferring information, c) technologies of processing information. A brief description is given to each of the groups. Presented classification could serve as a basis for a more systematic discussion of the impact of digital technologies on the essence of civil proceedings. Particularly, it is pointed out that issues of recording, storing, reproducing and transferring information are traditionally more «technological» for civil process, while issues of information processing are more conceptual.

BIOCHEMICAL EVALUATION FOR THREE FISH TYPES COLLECTED FROM DIFFERENT WATER SOURCES IN EGYPT

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 43-52
Author(s):  
M.M. Abozid ◽  
S.N. Draz ◽  
S.A. El- Kadousy ◽  
Samia M. Khaleil ◽  
A.A. El- Debas
Keyword(s):  
Water Sources ◽  
Biochemical Evaluation ◽  
Different Water Sources

A New Narrative?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Nowakowska
Keyword(s):  
Master Narratives ◽  
European Context ◽  
Early Signs ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
New Research ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Sources

Our three existing master narratives of the early Reformation in Poland are all over a century old and mutually contradictory, drawing on different sources to serve differing confessional and national/ist agendas. This chapter offers a fresh narrative of the impact of Lutheranism on the Polish composite monarchy to c.1540, synthesizing these older accounts and updating them with new research findings. This is a narrative in three parts: early signs (1517–24), the great Reformation year (1525), and aftershocks (1526–40). The chapter discusses the challenges of measuring ‘Lutheran’ sentiment, sets these Polish-Prussian events clearly in their comparative European context, and considers what implications they might have for that bigger, familiar tale. It stresses the precocity of Sigismund I’s monarchy, which saw the most far-reaching urban and violent Reformation in 1520s Europe (Danzig), a peasant Reformation rising, and Christendom’s first territorial-princely Reformation, in Ducal Prussia.

scholarly journals Extracellular Vesicles Analysis in the COVID-19 Era: Insights on Serum Inactivation Protocols towards Downstream Isolation and Analysis

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 544
Author(s):  
Roberto Frigerio ◽  
Angelo Musicò ◽  
Marco Brucale ◽  
Andrea Ridolfi ◽  
Silvia Galbiati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Heat Inactivation ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Droplet Pcr ◽  
Detergent Treatment ◽  
Routine Procedures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mirna Content

Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 crisis, the handling of biological samples from confirmed or suspected SARS-CoV-2-positive individuals demanded the use of inactivation protocols to ensure laboratory operators’ safety. While not standardized, these practices can be roughly divided into two categories, namely heat inactivation and solvent-detergent treatments. These routine procedures should also apply to samples intended for Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) analysis. Assessing the impact of virus-inactivating pre-treatments is therefore of pivotal importance, given the well-known variability introduced by different pre-analytical steps on downstream EVs isolation and analysis. Arguably, shared guidelines on inactivation protocols tailored to best address EVs-specific requirements will be needed among the analytical community, yet deep investigations in this direction have not yet been reported. We here provide insights into SARS-CoV-2 inactivation practices to be adopted prior to serum EVs analysis by comparing solvent/detergent treatment vs. heat inactivation. Our analysis entails the evaluation of EVs recovery and purity along with biochemical, biophysical and biomolecular profiling by means of a set of complementary analytical techniques: Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis, Western Blotting, Atomic Force Microscopy, miRNA content (digital droplet PCR) and tetraspanin assessment by microarrays. Our data suggest an increase in ultracentrifugation (UC) recovery following heat treatment; however, it is accompanied by a marked enrichment in EVs-associated contaminants. On the other hand, solvent/detergent treatment is promising for small EVs (<150 nm range), yet a depletion of larger vesicular entities was detected. This work represents a first step towards the identification of optimal serum inactivation protocols targeted to EVs analysis.

Revisiting rating scale development for rater-mediated language performance assessments: Modelling construct and contextual choices made by scale developers

2021 ◽  
pp. 026553222199405
Author(s):  
Ute Knoch ◽  
Bart Deygers ◽  
Apichat Khamboonruang
Keyword(s):  
Scale Development ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Language Assessment ◽  
Performance Assessments ◽  
Language Performance ◽  
Scale Development And Validation ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Sources

Rating scale development in the field of language assessment is often considered in dichotomous ways: It is assumed to be guided either by expert intuition or by drawing on performance data. Even though quite a few authors have argued that rating scale development is rarely so easily classifiable, this dyadic view has dominated language testing research for over a decade. In this paper we refine the dominant model of rating scale development by drawing on a corpus of 36 studies identified in a systematic review. We present a model showing the different sources of scale construct in the corpus. In the discussion, we argue that rating scale designers, just like test developers more broadly, need to start by determining the purpose of the test, the relevant policies that guide test development and score use, and the intended score use when considering the design choices available to them. These include considering the impact of such sources on the generalizability of the scores, the precision of the post-test predictions that can be made about test takers’ future performances and scoring reliability. The most important contributions of the model are that it gives rating scale developers a framework to consider prior to starting scale development and validation activities.

scholarly journals Glass-Forming Ability and Corrosion Resistance of Al88Y8−xFe4+x (x = 0, 1, 2 at.%) Alloys

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1581
Author(s):  
Rafał Babilas ◽  
Monika Spilka ◽  
Katarzyna Młynarek ◽  
Wojciech Łoński ◽  
Dariusz Łukowiec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Corrosion Current ◽  
Glass Forming Ability ◽  
Electrochemical Tests ◽  
Glass Forming ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Amorphous Structures ◽  
The Impact

The effect of iron and yttrium additions on glass forming ability and corrosion resistance of Al88Y8-xFe4+x (x = 0, 1, 2 at.%) alloys in the form of ingots and melt-spun ribbons was investigated. The crystalline multiphase structure of ingots and amorphous-crystalline structure of ribbons were examined by a number of analytical techniques including X-ray diffraction, Mössbauer spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. It was confirmed that the higher Fe additions contributed to formation of amorphous structures. The impact of chemical composition and structure of alloys on their corrosion resistance was characterized by electrochemical tests in 3.5% NaCl solution at 25 °C. The identification of the mechanism of chemical reactions taking place during polarization test along with the morphology and internal structure of the surface oxide films generated was performed. It was revealed that the best corrosion resistance was achieved for the Al88Y7Fe5 alloy in the form of ribbon, which exhibited the lowest corrosion current density (jcorr = 0.09 μA/cm2) and the highest polarization resistance (Rp = 96.7 kΩ∙cm2).

scholarly journals Effects of Technological Progress from Different Sources on Haze Pollution in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2730
Author(s):  
Yuan Zhao ◽  
Tian Zhang ◽  
Ting Wu ◽  
Shujing Xu ◽  
Shuwang Yang
Keyword(s):  
Technological Progress ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
National Level ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Dynamic Panel Model ◽  
Independent Innovation ◽  
Haze Pollution ◽  
Technology Introduction ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Sources

Technological progress has always been regarded as an important factor affecting haze pollution. A large number of academic studies have focused on the effect of technological progress on haze pollution, but there are few discussions on the effects of technological progress from different sources. In view of this, a dynamic panel model is constructed, and a systematic generalized method of moments (GMM) method is applied to empirically test the overall impact of technological progress from different sources on haze pollution and the regional heterogeneity of the impact. The results show that the overall and regional impact of technological progress from different sources on haze pollution is entirely different. Among them, for the whole country, independent innovation has a significant inhibitory effect on haze pollution, and technology introduction has aggravated haze pollution to a certain extent. At the regional level, all types of technological progress in the east can effectively reduce haze, the central region having haze reduction results consistent with the overall national level, and in the west, independent innovation and direct introduction can effectively reduce haze, while reverse technology spillover is ineffective. Therefore, policy recommendations such as improving the ability of independent innovation, improving the quality of technology introduction, and coordinating regional technology against haze are put forward.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document