scholarly journals Unexpected Ferromagnetism—A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 6707
Author(s):  
Iulia Ioana Lungu ◽  
Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu ◽  
Claudiu Fleaca
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Carbon Nanostructures ◽  
Structural Defects ◽  
Ferromagnetic Behavior ◽  
Magnetic Oxides ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Potential Applications

The study of magnetism in materials without partially filled d or f bands has gained much attention in the past years. Even though it has challenged the understanding of traditional magnetism, there is a wide range of studies debating the nature of magnetism in such materials. Theories on whether the exhibited ferromagnetic behavior is due to sample impurities or intrinsic structural defects have been published throughout the years. Materials such as hexaborides, non-magnetic oxides, and carbon nanostructures have been of great interest due to their potential applications. For a better understanding, herein, we present a literature review combining past and up-to-date studies on these materials.

Assessment of Deformation using the Focused Ion Beam Technique

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (S2) ◽  
pp. 530-531
Author(s):  
M.G. Burke ◽  
P.T. Duda ◽  
G. Botton ◽  
M. W. Phaneuf
Keyword(s):  
Focused Ion Beam ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Site Specificity ◽  
Alloy 600 ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Beam Technique ◽  
Significant Attention

Focused Ion Beam (FIB) micromachining techniques have gained significant attention over the past few years as a promising method for the preparation of a variety of metallic and nonmetallic materials for subsequent characterization using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) The advantage of the FIB in terms of site specificity and speed for the preparation of uniform electron transparent sections has opened a wide range of potential applications in materials characterization. The ability to image the sample in the FIB can also provide important microstructural data for materials analysis. In this study, both conventionally electropolished and FIB-ed specimens were prepared in order to characterize the microstructure of a commercially-produced tube of Alloy 600 (approximately Ni-15 Cr-10 Fe- 0.05 C). The electropolished samples were prepared using a solution of 20% HClO4 - 80% CH3OH at ∼-40°C. The FIB sections were obtained from a cross-section of the tube that had been mechanically thinned to ∼100 μm. The section was thinned in a Micrion 2500 FIB system with a Ga ion beam at 50 kV accelerating voltage.

Preparation of high-performance PEEK anti-wear blends with melt-processable PTFE

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 645-654
Author(s):  
Xiaotao Qiu ◽  
Congli Fu ◽  
Aiqun Gu ◽  
Yang Gao ◽  
Xiuli Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Surface Analysis ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Tribological Performance ◽  
Mechanical And Tribological Properties ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Potential Applications

High-performance anti-wear polyetheretherketone/polytetrafluoroethylene (PEEK/PTFE) blends have drawn much attention over the past few years, owing to their wide range of potential applications. However, a convenient and effective method to prepare such blends with superior mechanical and tribological properties is still lacking. In this work, we propose a promising approach that uses melt-processable PTFE (MP PTFE), instead of conventional PTFE, to prepare anti-wear blends. MP PTFE, with melt flow abilities under appropriate conditions, can disperse homogeneously in PEEK, enhancing both the mechanical and tribological properties of the PEEK/PTFE blend. To prove this postulation, in this work, both MP PTFE and commercial PTFE were blended with PEEK, separately, and the effects of PTFE type and content on the tensile and tribological properties of the blends were studied. The results showed that, although the addition of commercial PTFE to PEEK could increase the wear resistance, it decreased the tensile strength of PEEK significantly. Compared to the blends with commercial PTFE, the blends with MP PTFE exhibited better tribological performance and higher tensile strength for PTFE content below 10 wt%. It was confirmed that the better dispersion of MP PTFE in PEEK endowed the blends with higher tensile strength. The surface analysis indicated that the MP PTFE could readily migrate to and enrich the surfaces of the blends. The relatively high PTFE content on the surface favored the formation of tribo-films, enhancing the tribological properties of the blends.

scholarly journals Digital Transformation: An Overview of the Current State of the Art of Research

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 215824402110475
Author(s):  
Sascha Kraus ◽  
Paul Jones ◽  
Norbert Kailer ◽  
Alexandra Weinmann ◽  
Nuria Chaparro-Banegas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Main Driver ◽  
Node Network ◽  
The Government ◽  
Negative Impacts

The increasing digitalization of economies has highlighted the importance of digital transformation and how it can help businesses stay competitive in the market. However, disruptive changes not only occur at the company level; they also have environmental, societal, and institutional implications. This is the reason why during the past two decades the research on digital transformation has received growing attention, with a wide range of topics investigated in the literature. The following aims to provide insight regarding the current state of the literature on digital transformation (DT) by conducting a systematic literature review. An analysis of co-occurrence using the software VOSviewer was conducted to graphically visualize the literature’s node network. Approached this way, the systematic literature review displays major research avenues of digital transformation that consider technology as the main driver of these changes. This paper qualitatively classifies the literature on digital business transformation into three different clusters based on technological, business, and societal impacts. Several research gaps identified in the literature on DT are proposed as futures lines of research which could provide useful insights to the government and private sectors in order to adapt to the disruptive changes found in business as a result of this phenomenon, as well as to reduce its negative impacts on society and the environment.

scholarly journals Starch Biodegradable Films Produced by Electrospraying

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verónica Cuellar Sánchez ◽  
Marcela González Vázquez ◽  
Alitzel B. García-Hernández ◽  
Fátima S. Serrano-Villa ◽  
Ma. de la Paz Salgado Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Window Of Opportunity ◽  
Biodegradable Films ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Materials Used

The use of particles obtained from biopolymers is of interest in fields such as bioengineering and nanotechnology, with applications in drug encapsulation, tissue engineering, and edible biofilms. A method used to obtain these particles is electrohydrodynamic atomization (EHDA), which can generate different structures depending on the process conditions and raw materials used, opening a wide range of research in the biopolymers field, where starch is considered an excellent material to produce edible and biodegradable films. This chapter is a compilation and analysis of the newest studies of this technique, using starch with or without modifications to prepare films or membranes and their potential applications. A systematic literature review, focused on starch, and EHDA was carried out, finding 158 articles that match these criteria. From these results, a search inside them, using the words edible and biodegradable was conducted, showing 93 articles with these key words. The information was analyzed observing the preference to use corn, potato, rice, and cassava starches, obtaining mainly scaffolds and fibers and, in much less proportion, films or capsules. This review shows a window of opportunity for the study of starchy materials by EHDA to produce films, coatings, and capsules at micro or nano levels.

Optical Properties of HVEM Accelerators

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 180-181
Author(s):  
A. Strojnik ◽  
J.W. Scholl ◽  
V. Bevc
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Electron Accelerator ◽  
Systematic Investigation ◽  
Electron Source ◽  
High Brightness ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Optical Behavior

The electron accelerator, as inserted between the electron source (injector) and the imaging column of the HVEM, is usually a strong lens and should be optimized in order to ensure high brightness over a wide range of accelerating voltages and illuminating conditions. This is especially true in the case of the STEM where the brightness directly determines the highest resolution attainable. In the past, the optical behavior of accelerators was usually determined for a particular configuration. During the development of the accelerator for the Arizona 1 MEV STEM, systematic investigation was made of the major optical properties for a variety of electrode configurations, number of stages N, accelerating voltages, 1 and 10 MEV, and a range of injection voltages ϕ0 = 1, 3, 10, 30, 100, 300 kV).

Pursuit of the Abscopal Effect

2020 ◽  
Vol 04 (04) ◽  
pp. 369-372
Author(s):  
Paul B. Romesser ◽  
Christopher H. Crane
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Immunology ◽  
Antitumor Immunity ◽  
Clinical Success ◽  
Immune Recognition ◽  
Immune Modulators ◽  
Cancer Subtypes ◽  
The Past ◽  
Tumor Irradiation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Tumor Recognition

AbstractEvasion of immune recognition is a hallmark of cancer that facilitates tumorigenesis, maintenance, and progression. Systemic immune activation can incite tumor recognition and stimulate potent antitumor responses. While the concept of antitumor immunity is not new, there is renewed interest in tumor immunology given the clinical success of immune modulators in a wide range of cancer subtypes over the past decade. One particularly interesting, yet exceedingly rare phenomenon, is the abscopal response, characterized by a potent systemic antitumor response following localized tumor irradiation presumably attributed to reactivation of antitumor immunity.

A literature review on firms' internationalisation through e-commerce

2019 ◽  
pp. 121-143
Author(s):  
Riccardo Resciniti ◽  
Federica De Vanna
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
International Business ◽  
Decision Process ◽  
Foreign Markets ◽  
New Markets ◽  
Integrative Framework ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Relationship

The rise of e-commerce has brought considerable changes to the relationship between firms and consumers, especially within international business. Hence, understanding the use of such means for entering foreign markets has become critical for companies. However, the research on this issue is new and so it is important to evaluate what has been studied in the past. In this study, we conduct a systematic review of e-commerce and internationalisation studies to explicate how firms use e-commerce to enter new markets and to export. The studies are classified by theories and methods used in the literature. Moreover, we draw upon the internationalisation decision process (antecedents-modalities-consequences) to propose an integrative framework for understanding the role of e-commerce in internationalisation

The Many Pasts of Detective Fiction

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-172
Author(s):  
Thomas Leitch
Keyword(s):  
Detective Fiction ◽  
Golden Age ◽  
Public History ◽  
Detective Novel ◽  
Sherlock Holmes ◽  
Detective Story ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Detective Novels ◽  
The Many

Building on Tzvetan Todorov's observation that the detective novel ‘contains not one but two stories: the story of the crime and the story of the investigation’, this essay argues that detective novels display a remarkably wide range of attitudes toward the several pasts they represent: the pasts of the crime, the community, the criminal, the detective, and public history. It traces a series of defining shifts in these attitudes through the evolution of five distinct subgenres of detective fiction: exploits of a Great Detective like Sherlock Holmes, Golden Age whodunits that pose as intellectual puzzles to be solved, hardboiled stories that invoke a distant past that the present both breaks with and echoes, police procedurals that unfold in an indefinitely extended present, and historical mysteries that nostalgically fetishize the past. It concludes with a brief consideration of genre readers’ own ambivalent phenomenological investment in the past, present, and future each detective story projects.

Nine Centuries of Man

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Gender Expectations ◽  
Court Records ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Police Reports ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Scottish History ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

What did it mean to be a man in Scotland over the past nine centuries? Scotland, with its stereotypes of the kilted warrior and the industrial ‘hard man’, has long been characterised in masculine terms, but there has been little historical exploration of masculinity in a wider context. This interdisciplinary collection examines a diverse range of the multiple and changing forms of masculinities from the late eleventh to the late twentieth century, exploring the ways in which Scottish society through the ages defined expectations for men and their behaviour. How men reacted to those expectations is examined through sources such as documentary materials, medieval seals, romances, poetry, begging letters, police reports and court records, charity records, oral histories and personal correspondence. Focusing upon the wide range of activities and roles undertaken by men – work, fatherhood and play, violence and war, sex and commerce – the book also illustrates the range of masculinities that affected or were internalised by men. Together, the chapters illustrate some of the ways Scotland’s gender expectations have changed over the centuries and how, more generally, masculinities have informed the path of Scottish history

Free but fragile: Human relations amidst poverty and HIV in democratic South Africa

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-94
Author(s):  
Christina Landman
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Predominantly White ◽  
Black People ◽  
Hiv Treatment ◽  
Human Relations ◽  
White People ◽  
Black And White ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Black Township

Dullstroom-Emnotweni is the highest town in South Africa. Cold and misty, it is situated in the eastern Highveld, halfway between the capital Pretoria/Tswane and the Mozambique border. Alongside the main road of the white town, 27 restaurants provide entertainment to tourists on their way to Mozambique or the Kruger National Park. The inhabitants of the black township, Sakhelwe, are remnants of the Southern Ndebele who have lost their land a century ago in wars against the whites. They are mainly dependent on employment as cleaners and waitresses in the still predominantly white town. Three white people from the white town and three black people from the township have been interviewed on their views whether democracy has brought changes to this society during the past 20 years. Answers cover a wide range of views. Gratitude is expressed that women are now safer and HIV treatment available. However, unemployment and poverty persist in a community that nevertheless shows resilience and feeds on hope. While the first part of this article relates the interviews, the final part identifies from them the discourses that keep the black and white communities from forming a group identity that is based on equality and human dignity as the values of democracy.

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