scholarly journals Multifunctional Ingredient from Aqueous Flavonoidic Extract of Yellow Onion Skins with Cytocompatibility and Cell Proliferation Properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 7243
Author(s):  
Ștefania Adelina Milea ◽  
Oana Crăciunescu ◽  
Gabriela Râpeanu ◽  
Anca Oancea ◽  
Elena Enachi ◽  
...  

Significant quantities of onion are cultivated annually, such that industrial processing leads to an appreciable amount of by-products, estimated at around 500,000 tons. Onion skins are considered an important source of naturally occurring antioxidant compounds, particularly flavonoid compounds. Our study follows the development of a sustainable solution in order to manage the by-products of yellow onion skins by designing ingredients with multifunctional activities. A green solvent aqueous extraction of flavonoids was applied to obtain a safe, flavonoid-enriched extract, yielding a total flavonoid content of 50.21 ± 0.09 mg quercetin equivalent (QE)/g dry weight (DW), and an antioxidant activity of 250.81 ± 6.76 mM Trolox/g DW. Complex biopolymeric matrices consisting of whey protein isolates, whey protein hydrolysates, maltodextrin, and pectin were further dissolved in the flavonoid-enriched aqueous extract, followed by freeze-drying. Two powders were obtained, both showing satisfactory phytochemical content and good stability during storage. The application of confocal microscopy revealed that the microscopic structure of the powders have a distribution of the bioactive compounds within the biopolymeric matrices. The in vitro digestion suggested remarkable stability in the gastric tract and a flavonoid-controlled release in the intestinal phase. A significant compatibility range of up to 1 mg/mL for both powders was found, whereas concentrations between 10 and 250 µg/mL stimulated cell proliferation after 24 h of cultivation. The powders showed satisfactory thermal and pH stability, which favors their addition to different food matrices.

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1683
Author(s):  
Ilaria Pappalardo ◽  
Anna Santarsiero ◽  
Maria De Luca ◽  
Maria Assunta Acquavia ◽  
Simona Todisco ◽  
...  

The peppers of the Capsicum species are exploited in many fields, as flavoring agents in food industry, or as decorative and therapeutic plants. Peppers show a diversified phytochemical content responsible for different biological activities. Synergic activity exerted by high levels of antioxidant compounds is responsible for their important anti-inflammatory property. A methanolic extract was obtained from a new pepper genotype and tested for anti-inflammatory activity. The extract was incorporated into phospholipid vesicles to increase the bioavailability of its bioactive components. Two types of phospholipid vesicles were produced, conventional liposomes and Penetration Enhancer containing Vesicles (PEVs). They were tested in human monoblastic leukemia U937 cell line, showing no cytotoxic effect. The intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) levels were measured to value the in vitro efficacy of the vesicles in regulating inflammatory responses. Liposomal incorporation significantly reduced ROS levels in extract-treated LPS-activated cells. Furthermore, LC-MS/MS analyses demonstrated that liposomes facilitated the transport of the extract components across the cell membrane and their accumulation into the cytoplasm.


Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1053
Author(s):  
Ștefania Adelina Milea ◽  
Mihaela Aida Vasile ◽  
Oana Crăciunescu ◽  
Ana-Maria Prelipcean ◽  
Gabriela Elena Bahrim ◽  
...  

In this study, flavonoids extracted from yellow onion skins and Lactobacillus casei were encapsulated in a combination of whey protein isolate, inulin and maltodextrin with an encapsulation efficiency of 84.82 ± 0.72% for flavonoids and 72.49 ± 0.11% for lactic acid bacteria. The obtained powder showed a flavonoid content of 89.49 ± 4.12 mg quercetin equivalents/g dry weight (DW) and an antioxidant activity of 39.27 ± 0.45 mM Trolox/g DW. The powder presented a significant antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory potential, with an inhibitory effect on α-amylase, lipase and lipoxygenase of 76.40 ± 2.30%, 82.58 ± 3.36% and 49.01 ± 0.62%, respectively. The results obtained for in vitro digestion showed that the coating materials have a protective effect on the flavonoids release. Cytotoxicity results indicated that the powder was cytocompatible up to a concentration of 500 μg/mL. The functional potential of the powder was tested by adding in a selected food matrix, highlighting a good stability of the phytochemicals, whereas an increase with 1 log cell forming unit (CFU)/g DW was observed after 21 days of storage. The obtained results are promising in the valorization of natural antioxidants in combination with lactic acid bacteria in order to develop multifunctional ingredients with value-added for food and pharmaceutics applications.


2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
Reem Ghassan Alali ◽  
Mays Rizk Khazem

Germander (Teucrium, Lamiaceae) is a genus commonly used as a medicinal herb in the middle east. The aim of this study was to estimate total polyphenols and antioxidant activity of different extracts from two Syrian Teucrium species (Teucrium polium and Teucrium creticum). Total polyphenols content was measured using Folin-Ciocalteu assay and the antioxidant activity was evaluated in vitro by DPPH assay (free radical scavenging activity against 1, 1 –diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl). The total polyphenols content and antioxidant activity of T. creticum extracts were higher than T. polium ones. Phenols contents ranged from 16.388 to 105.672 mg GA E/ g dry weight extract. The extracts showed significant scavenging activity against DPPH, with IC50 values ranging between 0.195 and 0.710 mg/ml. The methanolic extracts show higher antioxidant activity from the two species. A good correlation between DPPH scavenging activities and contents of polyphenols was found. These results show that Syrian Teucrium species, especially T. creticum least Known among all, is a rich source of phenols and natural antioxidant compounds, that can be used as a natural food preservative.


Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariarosaria Leporini ◽  
Monica Rosa Loizzo ◽  
Vincenzo Sicari ◽  
Teresa Maria Pellicanò ◽  
Antonella Reitano ◽  
...  

This work investigated a model for the reuse of Citrus × clementina Hort. by-products for the development of a functional drink able to exert antioxidant, hypoglycaemic, and hypolipidemic effects. Juice obtained from fruits collected in three different areas of Calabria (Italy) was analysed. C. × clementina juice from Corigliano Calabro (JF), characterized by the highest content of bioactive compounds and bioactivity, was chosen as a matrix to be enrichment with hydroalcoholic ultrasound-assisted maceration of C. × clementina leaf from Corigliano Calabro (CO2) and ethanol ultrasound-assisted maceration of C. × clementina peel from Cetraro (BC3) extracts at different concentrations. The highest phytochemical content and bioactivities were found in juice enriched with leaf and leaf + peel extracts, with particular reference to antioxidant activity. In order to estimate the effects of pasteurization, 20% (mg/100 mL) enriched juice was subjected to this process. Based on obtained data of bioactivity and sensorial analysis, C. × clementina by-products could be proposed as a promising source of bioactive compounds useful for the formulation of a functional drink for preventing diseases associated with oxidative stress such as type 2 diabetes and obesity.


Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1495
Author(s):  
Mirko Mutalipassi ◽  
Roberta Esposito ◽  
Nadia Ruocco ◽  
Thomas Viel ◽  
Maria Costantini ◽  
...  

Seafood by-products, produced by a range of different organisms, such as fishes, shellfishes, squids, and bivalves, are usually discarded as wastes, despite their possible use for innovative formulations of functional foods. Considering that “wastes” of industrial processing represent up to 75% of the whole organisms, the loss of profit may be coupled with the loss of ecological sustainability, due to the scarce recycling of natural resources. Fish head, viscera, skin, bones, scales, as well as exoskeletons, pens, ink, and clam shells can be considered as useful wastes, in various weight percentages, according to the considered species and taxa. Besides several protein sources, still underexploited, the most interesting applications of fisheries and aquaculture by-products are foreseen in the biotechnological field. In fact, by-products obtained from marine sources may supply bioactive molecules, such as collagen, peptides, polyunsaturated fatty acids, antioxidant compounds, and chitin, as well as catalysts in biodiesel synthesis. In addition, those sources can be processed via chemical procedures, enzymatic and fermentation technologies, and chemical modifications, to obtain compounds with antioxidant, anti-microbial, anti-cancer, anti-hypertensive, anti-diabetic, and anti-coagulant effects. Here, we review the main discards from fishery and aquaculture practices and analyse several bioactive compounds isolated from seafood by-products. In particular, we focus on the possible valorisation of seafood and their by-products, which represent a source of biomolecules, useful for the sustainable production of high-value nutraceutical compounds in our circular economy era.


Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1630
Author(s):  
Beatriz Rodríguez-Martínez ◽  
Beatriz Gullón ◽  
Remedios Yáñez

Nowadays, the potato is one of the most cultivated and consumed food crops in the world and, in recent years, its production has experienced a sharp increase. Its industrial processing generates several by-products that are wasted and cause economic and environmental problems. Among them, potato peel stands out, representing up to 10% of the total potato residues obtained in the processing. On the other hand, these wastes, in addition to presenting antioxidant compounds, are rich in interesting chemical compounds of great value in a biorefinery model. This review summarizes the main compounds present in potato skins as well as the most used and innovative extraction methods employed for their isolation, with special emphasis on the fractions with biological activities. In addition, a sustainable biorefinery proposal focused on obtaining high added-value products with potential applications in the pharmaceutical, food, nutraceutical, or cosmetic industries is included.


Author(s):  
Nohemí Espinoza-Gayosso ◽  
Esther Ramírez-Moreno ◽  
Nelly del Socorro Cruz-Cansino ◽  
Alicia Cervantes-Elizarrarás ◽  
Quinatzin Yadira Zafra-Rojas

La zanahoria (Daucus carota) pertenece a la familia de las Umbelíferas, es un vegetal rico en β-carotenos y otros antioxidantes. El objetivo de la revisión fue analizar el efecto del procesamiento térmico de la zanahoria sobre los compuestos antioxidantes y su bioaccesibilidad. Los tratamientos térmicos varían de acuerdo a las condiciones de temperatura y tiempo a los que son sometidos los alimentos. Investigaciones han reportado la aplicación de tratamientos térmicos en zanahoria como hervido, pasteurización, ultrapasteurización, esterilización comercial, escaldado, cocción a presión y freído. Existen cambios significativos en los parámetros de color cuando las zanahorias son escaldadas, los valores de a* y b* disminuyeron respecto a las muestras no tratadas. El contenido de compuestos fenólicos y su bioaccesibilidad se reduce con el escaldado y la pasteurización. La zanahoria Egmont Gold tratada a 80°C incrementó la concentración de ácido ascórbico (318.82±18.40 µg/g ps (peso seco)) en 23.84%, respecto a la muestra a temperatura ambiente (258.12±32.56 µg/g ps), debido a la inactivación de la enzima ácido ascórbico oxidasa. La cocción a presión (5134.5±75.3 µg/100 g pf (peso fresco)), hervido (6740.3±58.6 µg/100 g pf), freído (5926.4±106.6 µg/100 g pf), escaldado (87.70±2.75 µg/g pf) y secado (882-1079 mg/kg masa seca) de la zanahoria, provocó una disminución de carotenoides (2.53-31.58%). Por el contrario, cuando se analizó la bioaccesibilidad in vitro, la cocción a presión, hervido y freído incrementaron la bioaccesibilidad de los carotenoides (29.80%, 25.45% y 38.47%, respectivamente) en comparación con la zanahoria sin tratami The carrot (Daucus carota) belongs to the Umbelliferae family, is vegetable rich in β-carotenes and other antioxidants. The aim of the review was to analyze the effect of thermal processing of carrot on antioxidant compounds and their bioaccessibility. The thermal treatments vary according to the temperature and time conditions to which the food is subjected. Researchers have reported the application of thermal treatments to carrots such as boiling, pasteurization, ultra-pasteurization, commercial sterilization, blanching, pressure cooking and frying. There are significant changes in the colour parameters when the carrots are blanched, the values ​​of a* and b* decreased with respect to the untreated samples. The content of phenolic compounds and their bioaccessibility decreased with the blanching and pasteurization. Egmont Gold carrot treated at 80°C increased the concentration of ascorbic acid (318.82 ± 18.40 µg/g dw (dry weight)) by 23.84%, with respect to the sample at room temperature (258.12 ± 32.56 µg/g dw), due to the inactivation of the enzyme ascorbic acid oxidase. Pressure cooking (5134.5 ± 75.3 µg/100 g fw (fresh weight)), boiled (6740.3 ± 58.6 µg/100 g fw), frying (5926.4 ± 106.6 µg/100 g fw), blanched (87.70 ± 2.75 µg/g fw) and drying (882-1079 mg/kg dry mass) of the carrot, caused a decrease in carotenoids (2.53-31.58%). On the contrary, when was analyzed the in vitro bioaccessibility, pressure cooking, boiling and frying increased the bioaccessibility of carotenoids (29.80%, 25.45% and 38.47%, respectively) compared to carrots without treatment (16.80%), this behaviour also occurs in pasteurized, sterilized, ultra-pasteurized and dehydrated carrot pulp. However, the bioaccessibility of carrot antioxidant compounds depends on the polysaccharides of the cell membrane, proteins and other factors of the food matrix. ento (16.80%), este comportamiento también ocurre en la pulpa de zanahoria pasteurizada, esterilizada, ultrapasteurizada y deshidratada. Sin embargo, la bioaccesibilidad de los compuestos antioxidantes de la zanahoria depende de los polisacáridos de la membrana celular, proteínas y otros factores de la matriz alimentaria.


Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1786
Author(s):  
Iván Gómez-López ◽  
Gloria Lobo-Rodrigo ◽  
María P. Portillo ◽  
M. Pilar Cano

Opuntia stricta var. Dillenii’s prickly pears are an underutilized fruit with a high content of betalains and phenolic compounds that could bring potential health benefits for humans. The aim of this study is the optimization of the “green” extraction of betalains and phenolic compounds from Opuntia stricta var. Dillenii’s whole fruits by ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), using a response surface methodology (RSM) by a central composite design (CCD) in order to obtain extracts rich in betalains and phenolic compounds with proven biological activities. For UAE optimization, the extraction temperature (20–50 °C), the amplitude (20–50%) and the ethanol volume in extraction solvent (15–80%, v/v) were selected as independent variables. All combinations were conducted at 2, 5, 10, 20 and 30 min to determinate the time effect. The betalain and phenolic compound content in Opuntia stricta var. Dillenii’s whole fruits and UAE extracts were identified by HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS and HPLC-DAD-MS/QTOF and the antioxidant (ORAC method) and the anti-inflammatory (hyaluronidase inhibition method) in vitro biological activities also were determined. The most efficient extraction time was 5 min and the best UAE parameter combination was 50% amplitude, 15% ethanol in solvent (ethanol/water, 15/85, v/v) and 20 °C temperature, obtaining 10.06 ± 0.10 mg of total major betalains/g dry weight, 2.32 ± 0.08 mg of piscidic acid/g dry weight and 0.38 ± 0.00 mg of total major flavonoids/g dry weight. All applied UAE combinations significantly improved the in vitro bioactive activities (antioxidant and anti-inflammatory) of the Opuntia stricta var. Dillenii’s extracts compared to the bioactivities of the extracts obtained by standard homogenization processes.


2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.E.A. Bendaha ◽  
H.A. Belaouni

SummaryThis study aims to develop a biocontrol agent against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis-lycopersici (FORL) in tomato. For this, a set of 23 bacterial endophytic isolates has been screened for their ability to inhibit in vitro the growth of FORL using the dual plate assay. Three isolates with the most sound antagonistic activity to FORL have been qualitatively screened for siderophore production, phosphates solubilization and indolic acetic acid (IAA) synthesis as growth promotion traits. Antagonistic values of the three candidates against FORL were respectively: 51.51 % (EB4B), 51.18 % (EB22K) and 41.40 % (EB2A). Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the isolates EB4B and EB22K were closely related to Enterobacter ludwigii EN-119, while the strain EB2A has been assigned to Leclercia adecarboxylata NBRC 102595. The promotion of tomato growth has been assessed in vitro using the strains EB2A, EB4B and EB22K in presence of the phytopathogen FORL. The treatments with the selected isolates increased significantly the root length and dry weight. Best results were observed in isolate EB4B in terms of growth promotion in the absence of FORL, improving 326.60 % of the root length and 142.70 % of plant dry weight if compared with untreated controls. In the presence of FORL, the strain EB4B improved both root length (180.81 %) and plant dry weight (202.15 %). These results encourage further characterization of the observed beneficial effect of Enterobacter sp. EB4B for a possible use as biofertilizer and biocontrol agent against FORL.


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