scholarly journals The Impact of Foreign SO2 Emissions on Aerosol Direct Radiative Effects in South Korea

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 887
Author(s):  
Jung-Woo Yoo ◽  
Wonbae Jeon ◽  
Hwa Woon Lee ◽  
Jeonghyeok Mun ◽  
Soon-Hwan Lee ◽  
...  

This study examined the impact of foreign SO2 emission changes on the aerosol direct radiative effects (ADRE) in South Korea. Simulations that applied basic emissions (BASE) and simulations that applied reduced SO2 emissions from foreign sources (R_FSO2) were performed, respectively, using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF)-Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) two-way coupled model. In addition, the difference between the two experimental results was calculated (i.e., R_FSO2 minus BASE) to quantitatively identify the impact of foreign SO2 emission reduction. The reduction in foreign SO2 emissions caused a decrease in the concentration of SO2 flowing in from overseas to South Korea. As a result, a clear decrease in SO42− concentration was shown mainly in the southwest coast of South Korea. The difference in PM2.5 concentration in South Korea according to the foreign SO2 emission reduction did not correspond to the difference in SO42− concentration; it was determined in a complex way by the changes in SO42− concentration caused by SO2 concentration changes, and the subsequent series of changes in NO3− and NH4+ concentrations. The differences in SO42− and PM2.5 concentrations caused by the foreign SO2 reduction also affected the ADRE changes in South Korea. The distribution of ADRE difference between the two experiments was not consistent with the distribution of PM2.5 concentration difference, but it was very similar to the distribution of SO42− concentration difference. These results imply that the ADRE of South Korea is not simply proportional to PM2.5 concentration and may be determined by concentration changes of SO42−.

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Jiandong Chen ◽  
Yu Wei ◽  
Ming Gao ◽  
Shuo Huang

As an important field for human activities, cities play a critical role in PM2.5 reductions. Among the determinants for PM2.5 concentration, technological progress is considered to exhibit significant inhibitory effects. Although most extant research has focused on energy technologies or total factor productivity, due to limitations in data and methods, few scholars have focused on emission reduction technological changes at a city-level scale. Therefore, based on the combination of k-means clustering and the log-mean Divisia index method, this study estimates and explores the impact of PM2.5 emission reduction technology (PME) on the temporal changes and spatial differences of 262 Chinese cities’ PM2.5 concentration during 2003–2017. The findings show the following: (1) although the results based on econometric methods indicate that emission reduction technological changes decreased China’s city-level PM2.5 concentration, there were turning points in the yearly impacts, indicating that the improvements to emission reduction efficiency were not stable; (2) compared with PME, energy intensity played a more stable role in PM2.5 emissions reductions, implying that the improvement of energy efficiency was still very important in controlling PM2.5 concentrations; (3) based on the classified groups after clustering, most cities’ PME contributed to negative differences, but the PME of a small number of cities was very weak to largely lower the average level of their group; and (4) distributions of the spatial decomposition of the three classified groups were stable in the period of 2003–2017, implying that the catch-up and transcendence effects of PME within the group were limited. Thus, policymakers should focus on the impact of different policies on PME differences between cities.


Author(s):  
Vaida Valuntaitė ◽  
Vaida Šerevičienė ◽  
Raselė Girgždienė

Changes and distribution of ozone concentration in the area of high‐voltage transmission lines were investigated. The investigation on ozone concentration changes was performed with application of two methods: by using an ozone analyser and by passive samplers. The role of an accumulating element was performed by a glass‐fiber filter installed in a passive sampler. It was impregnated with a 1.2‐di(4‐pyridyl)ethylene and acetate acid solution. The impact of meteorological parameters on the passive sampler efficiency and ozone concentration variation is discussed. These parameters can increase or decrease the real concentration value in comparison with the concentration obtained by co‐located continuously running ozone analyser. Ozone concentration near high‐voltage lines varied from 10 to 51 ppb, and “background” ozone concentration changed from 3 to 50 ppb during the investigation period. The average concentrations were 28.1 and 27.5 ppb near the lines and “background” during the whole experiment period. The wind direction from “background” location to the high‐voltage lines prevailed during the experiment. The obtained results by different methods demonstrated good agreement; the difference between ozone concentrations was from 1 to 24% for individual cases. Santrauka Tirta ozono koncentracijos kitimas ir pasiskirstymas ties aukštosios įtampos perdavimo linijomis. Ozono koncentracija matuota dviem metodais – ozono analizatoriumi ir pasyviaisiais kaupikliais. Pasyviajame kaupiklyje kaip kaupiantysis elementas buvo naudojamas stiklo pluošto filtras, impregnuotas 1,2-di(4-pyridyl)etileno ir acetatinės rūgšties tirpalu. Vėjo greitis, vėjo kryptis, UV spinduliuotė, temperatūra ir santykinė oro drėgmė gali turėti įtakos pasyviųjų kaupiklių efektyvumui bei ozono koncentracijos pasiskirstymui, todėl kartu tirti ir meteorologiniai parametrai (temperatūra, santykinė oro drėgmė, vėjo greitis ir kryptis). Tyrimo laikotarpiu ozono koncentracija ties aukštosios įtampos tiekimo linijomis kito nuo 10 iki 51 ppb, o nutolusioje per 222 m vietovėje, kuri buvo traktuojama kaip foninė, – nuo 3 iki 50 ppb. Išmatuota vidutinė ozono koncentracija foninėje vietoje buvo 27,5 ppb, o ties linijomis – 28,1 ppb. Eksperimento metu vyravo pietryčių krypties vėjas, t. y. nuo foninės vietos – aukštosios įtampos tiekimo linijų link. Nustatant ozono koncentraciją skirtingais metodais duomenys pakankamai sutapo, pavieniais atvejais nesutapimas svyravo nuo 1 iki 24 %. Резюме Исследовалось изменение и распределение концентрации озона в районе высоковольтных линий электропередач. Концентрация озона измерялась двумя методами: анализаторами озона УФ-поглощения непрерывного действия и с использованием пассивных сорбентов. В качестве сорбента использовался фильтр из стекловолокна, пропитанный 1,2-ди(4-пиридил)этиленом и уксусной кислотой. Параллельно непрерывно измерялась температура и относительная влажность воздуха, скорость и направление ветра. Исследования показали, что концентрация озона в течение эксперимента изменялась в интервале от 10 до 51 ррb у линии и от 3 до 50 ррb на «фоновой» точке, удаленной от линий электропередач на расстояние 222 м. В течение эксперимента почти половину времени преобладал боковой ветер по отношению к высоковольтным линиям со стороны фоновой точки. Средние измеренные концентрации озона составляли 27,5 ррb на «фоновой» точке и 28,1 ррb – у линий. Результаты измерения концентрации озона как анализаторами непрерывного действия, так и по методике с использованием пассивных сорбентов показали хорошее совпадение: разница составляла 2–15% и лишь в отдельных случаях 24%.


2020 ◽  
Vol 218 ◽  
pp. 01034
Author(s):  
Yan Li ◽  
Zhi-wei Liu ◽  
Nan-nan Li ◽  
Jia-li Zhang ◽  
Ya-chen Wang ◽  
...  

As an internal driving force to promote economic growth, residents’ consumption also has an important impact on energy consumption. Based on the difference of consumption structure between urban and rural residents, this paper introduces the income gap variable of urban and rural residents, analyzes the impact of urban and rural residents’ consumption on energy consumption, and provides reference for the implementation of energy conservation and emission reduction policies. On this basis, the author believes that the government should take flexible measures to control energy consumption according to the differences between urban and rural areas, make accurate efforts, and steadily promote the implementation of energy conservation and emission reduction.


2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-387
Author(s):  
Soontae Kim ◽  
Minah Bae ◽  
Eunhye Kim ◽  
Kyuwon Son ◽  
Yoon-Hee Kang ◽  
...  

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 61-67
Author(s):  
Jurgen Fink

BAYER A.G. in Germany developed the “HUMID OXIDATION PROCESS” to reduce SO2 emissions which was first implanted industrially in their factory at Uerdingen in 1981. From that time the plant has operated successfully complying to German environmental law requirements. The unit to be installed in TIBRÁS consists of six reactors supplied with activated carbon beds which will remove the SO2 (0.11 volume percent) contained in the residual gases (150,000 cubic meters per hour) produced in three rotary calciner kilns. The SO2 reacts with water in the carbon pores forming diluted sulfuric acid. The activated carbon is fabricated from coke from peat. The “Weak Acid” of approximately 10 to 15 per-cent H2SO4 concentration is reused in the titanium dioxide pigment process. The project will be concluded by December 1993 and will start up in January 1994. The realization of this investment of approximately US$8,500,000 (eight and one half million dollars) will reduce TIBRÁS SO2 emissions by 50 (fifty) to 85 (eighty-five) per-cent in addition to eliminating two stacks.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5664
Author(s):  
Qiong Wu ◽  
Kanittha Tambunlertchai ◽  
Pongsa Pornchaiwiseskul

As China has an important role in global climate change, the Chinese government has set goals to improve its environmental efficiency and performance and launched carbon emission trading pilot markets in 2013, aiming to reduce CO2 emissions. Based on panel data of 30 provinces from 2005 to 2017, this paper uses the difference-in-difference method to study the impact of China’s carbon emission trading pilot markets on carbon emissions and regional green development. The paper also explores possible influencing channels. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) China’s carbon emission trading policy has promoted a reduction in CO2 emissions and carbon emission intensity and has increased green development in the pilot areas. (2) The main path for China’s carbon emission trading policy to achieve carbon emission reduction and regional green development is to promote technology adoption. (3) China’s carbon emission trading policy achieves green development through synergistic SO2 emission reduction. The pilot carbon markets have reduced both the amount of SO2 emissions and SO2 emission intensity.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Shuxing Chen ◽  
Jiangshui Ma ◽  
Denglong Ding ◽  
Shengqi Yu ◽  
Yuee Tang

Prior research on the effectiveness of improving environmental performance has acknowledged the importance of domestic research and development (R&D) activities. However, these studies remain general and ambiguous because they assume that all R&D operations are associated with environmental performance. The corresponding empirical evidence is inexact and ambiguous. In this study, we focus on the effect of green R&D activities on SO2 emission. Considering that heterogeneity exists in green R&D activities, we divide them into two groups for two purposes. The empirical results, explored based on China’s interprovincial data between 2000 and 2016, suggest that green R&D activities critically influence the reduction of SO2 emissions. However, the R&D activities of different purposes show statistically differentiated effects on SO2 emissions. Primarily, utility-type R&D activities show the most significant positive impact on SO2 emissions reduction. Subsequent research based on the panel threshold also indicates that the impact of green R&D activities on SO2 emissions shows nonlinear characteristics, depending on the technology’s absorptive ability.


2018 ◽  
Vol I (I) ◽  
pp. 28-50
Author(s):  
Muhammad Imran Ashraf ◽  
Syed Umair Jalal

Education is the only opportunity for a nation to attain sustainable development among rapidly changing nations across the globe in the 21st century. For that reason education has been recognized a fundamental right to the citizens of modern states of the contemporary world. Every state has secured this fundamental right of citizens through constitutional provisions. Constitutional provisions provide a guiding framework for the action taken by the responsible authorities of the state. The current study investigated the constitutional provisions of Pakistan and South Korea for the education of general people. Both the countries have made provisions for education and both have made different attempts to realize these provisions in the true sense. The constitution of Pakistan 1973 mentioned education as a subject in Article 25A, 37, and 38 (d) which states the government will eradicate illiteracy in minimum possible time, and education at secondary level will be free and compulsory for all the citizens of the state. On the other hand article 31 of the Korean constitution explains the educational commitments of the state. The efforts made by both the states in implementing the constitutional provisions have made the difference in the educational achievement of both the states. Pakistan having 58% literacy rate as compared to 99% literacy rate of South Korea illustrate the variations. All the governmental policies have three elements; Sustainability, Outreach, and Impact. Despite of sustainability and outreach sometimes desired results do not come from the policy due to ineptness of impact factor. Therefore this study will assess the impact factor of the constitutional provisions of Pakistan and South Korea prerequisite to free and compulsory quality education.


Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeomin Jeong ◽  
Hwa Woon Lee ◽  
Wonbae Jeon

Surface ozone (O3) is a harmful pollutant and effective strategies must be developed for its reduction. In this study, the impact of meteorological factors on the annual O3 variability for South Korea were analyzed. In addition, the regional differences of meteorological factors in six air quality regions in South Korea (Seoul Metropolitan Area, SMA; Central region, CN; Honam, HN; Yeongnam, YN; Gangwon, GW; Jeju, JJ) were compared. The analysis of ground observation data from 2001 to 2017 revealed that the long-term variability of O3 concentration in South Korea continuously increased since 2001, and the upward trend in 2010 to 2017 (Period 2, PRD2) was 29.8% higher than that in 2001 to 2009 (Period 1, PRD1). This was because the meteorological conditions during PRD2 became relatively favorable for high O3 concentrations compared to conditions during PRD1. In particular, the increase in the solar radiation (SR) and maximum temperature (TMAX) and the decrease in the precipitation (PRCP) and wind speed (WS) of South Korea in PRD2 were identified as the main causes for the rise in O3 concentrations. When meteorological factors and O3 variability were compared among the six air quality regions in South Korea during PRD1 and PRD2, significant differences were observed. This indicated that different meteorological changes occurred in South Korea after 2010 due to the different topographical characteristics of each region; thus, O3 variability also changed differently in each region. Interestingly, for the regions with almost similar meteorological changes after 2010, the O3 concentration changed differently depending on the difference in the distribution of emissions. These results indicate that the O3–meteorology relationship shows spatiotemporal differences depending on the topographical and emission distribution characteristics of each area and implies that it is necessary to fully consider such differences for efficient O3 reduction.


2019 ◽  
pp. 109-123
Author(s):  
I. E. Limonov ◽  
M. V. Nesena

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of public investment programs on the socio-economic development of territories. As a case, the federal target programs for the development of regions and investment programs of the financial development institution — Vnesheconombank, designed to solve the problems of regional development are considered. The impact of the public interventions were evaluated by the “difference in differences” method using Bayesian modeling. The results of the evaluation suggest the positive impact of federal target programs on the total factor productivity of regions and on innovation; and that regional investment programs of Vnesheconombank are improving the export activity. All of the investments considered are likely to have contributed to the reduction of unemployment, but their implementation has been accompanied by an increase in social inequality.


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