scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Dry and Wet Milling of Barley Malt and Its Influence on Granulometry and Wort Composition

Beverages ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Pereira de Moura ◽  
Thiago Rocha dos Santos Mathias
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Wet Milling ◽  
Barley Malt ◽  
Market Sector ◽  
Yeast Strains ◽  
The Mean

Beer is a fermented drink produced from a wort comprised of barley malt, hops, and water in combination with activity from the yeast strains of the genus Saccharomyces. The beverage is consumed around the world and has a global market controlled by several multinational companies. However, in recent years, it has been possible to note an increase in the number of microbreweries and homebrewers, necessitating additional research both to develop and increase competitiveness of this market sector as well as to improve product quality and promote the reduction of production costs. The process of milling barley malt is often not considered relevant to these goals; however, this operation is influential with regard to, for example, mashing yield, the concentration of polyphenols in beer, and the quality of wort clarification. Therefore, this work evaluates the wet (10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% moisture content) and dry barley malt milling process as well as analyzes particle size distribution and the mean diameter of particles. The milled grains were submitted to a mashing process to evaluate how particle size contributes to the conversion of starch to sugars and the availability of polyphenols on sweet wort. The results indicate the best milling conditions to obtain a good mashing yield while preserving as much malt husk as possible to facilitate wort clarification.

Carbon Quality of Four-Year-Old Woodchips in a Denitrification Bed Treating Agricultural Drainage Water

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 995-1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehsan Ghane ◽  
Gary W. Feyereisen ◽  
Carl J. Rosen ◽  
Ulrike W. Tschirner
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Agricultural Drainage ◽  
Carbon Quality ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Lignocellulose Index ◽  
Effect Of Age

Abstract. A denitrification bed is a system that can reduce the nitrate concentration in subsurface drainage water. There is a need to investigate the carbon quality of old woodchips to gain a better understanding of the effect of age on woodchip properties. The objectives of this study were to characterize the carbon quality and carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratio of aged woodchips and to examine the suitability of a denitrification bed for a replicated experiment. To achieve these goals, we excavated four-year-old woodchips along the length of a 106.4 m long denitrification bed near Willmar, Minnesota, and analyzed them for particle size, C/N ratio, and carbon quality. Particle size analysis showed similarities from 12.5 to 106.4 m along the bed. We found a mean C/N ratio ranging from 58.4 ±3.17 to 153.4 ±9.57 (smallest at the inlet). The mean lignocellulose index (LCI, a measure of carbon quality) of the four-year-old woodchips ranged from 0.47 to 0.57 (highest at the inlet). The woodchip particle sizes, C/N ratios, and LCI from 25.9 to 106.4 m along the bed length were similar. In conclusion, the C/N ratio and LCI of the four-year-old woodchips showed effects of decomposition and increased woodchip carbon recalcitrance over time, respectively. Keywords: Denitrifying bioreactor, Tile drainage, Water quality, Woodchip bioreactor.

scholarly journals Influence of Grit Size and Wood Species on the Granularity of Dust Particles during Sanding

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (22) ◽  
pp. 8165
Author(s):  
Marta Pędzik ◽  
Kinga Stuper-Szablewska ◽  
Maciej Sydor ◽  
Tomasz Rogoziński
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Grit Size ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Wood Dust ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Respirable Fraction ◽  
Dust Fraction ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Oak Ash

Wood dust poses a threat to the health of employees and the risk of explosion and fire, accelerates the wear of machines, worsens the quality of processing, and requires large financial outlays for its removal. The aim of this study was to investigate the extent to which the grit size of sandpaper influences the size of the wood dust particles and the proportion of the finest particles which, when dispersed in the air, may constitute the respirable fraction. Six species of hardwood (beech, oak, ash, hornbeam, alder, and walnut), and three species of softwood (larch, pine, and spruce) were used in the research. While sanding the samples under the established laboratory conditions, the following were measured for two types of sandpapers (grit sizes P60 and P180): mean arithmetic particle size of dust and finest dust particles content (<10 µm). Based on the obtained results, we found that the largest dust particle sizes were obtained for alder, pine, and spruce; the smallest size of dust particles during sanding with both sandpapers was obtained for beech, hornbeam, oak, ash, larch, and walnut. The mean arithmetic particle sizes ranged from 327.98 µm for pine to 104.23 µm for hornbeam. The mean particle size of the dust obtained with P60 granulation paper was 1.4 times larger than that of the dust obtained with P180 granulation sandpaper. The content of the finest dust particles ranged from 0.21% for pine (P60 sandpaper) to 12.58% for beech (P180 sandpaper).The type of wood (hardwood or softwood) has a significant influence on the particle size and the content of the finest dust fraction.

Study on Removal Mechanism and Surface Quality of High Volume Fraction SiCp/Al Composites Based on Meso-scale

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Po Jin ◽  
Qi Gao ◽  
Quanzhao Wang ◽  
Wenbo Li
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Surface Quality ◽  
Feed Rate ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Subsurface Damage ◽  
High Volume Fraction ◽  
Removal Mechanism

Abstract The milling process of SiCp/Al composites with high volume fraction and large particle size has been studied in this paper. The stress and strain distribution of SiC reinforced particles and the removal mechanism of the material are analysed. The effects of milling depth and feed per tooth on surface quality were analysed. The effect of feed per tooth on the thickness of subsurface damage layer is revealed. The results show that in the end milling process of high volume fraction SiCp/Al composites, the blade diameter is larger relative to the particle size, which leads to the main removal forms of particle size: extrusion crushing and rolling crushing. The surface defects of the machined workpiece mainly include cavity, crack and delamination caused by extrusion of aluminum matrix. The surface quality of the machined workpiece can be improved by increasing the milling depth appropriately. The increase of the feed rate of each tooth will lead to the increase of the surface defect of the machined workpiece and the deterioration of the surface quality. When the feed rate per tooth increases from 4 to 8 μm, the thickness of subsurface damage increases from 47.7 to 60.5 μm. It is found that the ratio between the minimum cutting thickness of SiCp/Al composites and the radius of the cutting edge should be less than or equal to 4%.

Selective Oxidation of Manganese and Chromium during Annealing of Low Carbon Strip Steels

2006 ◽  
Vol 15-17 ◽  
pp. 762-767
Author(s):  
P.R. Wilson ◽  
Z. Chen ◽  
Chris R. Killmore ◽  
Stuart J. Laird
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Grain Boundary ◽  
Selective Oxidation ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Mean Particle Size ◽  
Surface Graphitization ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
The Mean

Surface graphitization is a well known defect that occurs when low carbon steel strip is batch annealed. A small addition of chromium (about 0.04 wt %) can be used to minimize the surface graphitization. However chromium and some other alloy elements, such as manganese used in this class of steel, have higher affinities for oxygen than iron. Therefore it is possible for them to be oxidized during batch annealing in a reducing environment to iron. Selective oxidation of these two elements gives rise to a risk of forming different surface defects that may affect the quality of the tinned surface. The edge defect is characterized as a region of low reflectivity on the tin plate product caused by grain boundary precipitates. A porous tin coating with a dull appearance is produced in the affected areas. Not only are the aesthetical values of the finished tin plate product affected but the corrosion resistance is also reduced. In this investigation surface oxides formed at grain boundary of low carbon steels annealed at 700°C in 5% hydrogen 95% nitrogen atmosphere were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Two different oxide particles (Fe,Mn)O and MnCr2O4 were observed at the grain boundaries with the former five-fold coarser than the latter. It was found at the annealing temperature of 700°C, that the mean particle size of the (Fe,Mn)O depends on the manganese content, while the mean particle size, and distribution of the MnCr2O4 was dependent on chromium, but independent of manganese. The coarse (Fe,Mn)O precipitates pose no potential risks to electrolytic tinning as they will be removed by the pickling operation prior to tinning. Controlling the chromium content of the steel can minimize the potential risks posed by the MnCr2O4 to the quality of electrolytic tinning.

Enhanced Antioxidant Activity in Wet Mill Nanostructured Zingiber officinale (Ginger) Rosc Rhizome

2013 ◽  
Vol 832 ◽  
pp. 551-556
Author(s):  
A. Norhidayah ◽  
A. Noriham ◽  
Mohamad Rusop
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Submicron Particles ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Wet Milling ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Ginger Rhizome

In this study, the effect of nanonization on antioxidant activity of Zingiber officinale(ginger) Ross rhizome prepared using a wet milling process were investigated. The antioxidant activity was estimated based on the Total Phenolic Content (TPC) and Total Flavonoid Content (TFC) and measured using FRAP, ABTS and DPPH assays. Particle size of the initial ginger rhizome (approximately 20μm) was successfully reduced to 222.3 nm after the wet milling process. Higher degree of granules surface destruction occurred as a result of nanonization process based on FESEM image. Findings revealed that nanostructured ginger (NG) had the highest TPC and TFC which were 946.43 mgGAE/g and 20.16 mgQE/g followed by submicron ginger (SM) (712.68 mgGAE/g; 16.22 mgQE/g) and micron ginger (MG) (700.89 mgGAE/g; 14.45 mgQE/g) of dry matter respectively. Moreover, NG rhizome showed around 30 to 40% (p<0.05) greater radical scavenging activity as well as ferric reducing antioxidant power as compared to the other samples tested. The antioxidant activity was in the following in sequence: NG>SM>MG. Hence it can be concluded that reduction of particle size of ginger rhizome into nanoparticles using a wet milling process enhanced its antioxidant activity as compared to micron and submicron particles.

scholarly journals Initial Study into the Possible Use of Digital Sound Processing for the Development of Automatic Longwall Shearer Operation

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2877
Author(s):  
Piotr Kiljan ◽  
Wojciech Moczulski ◽  
Krzysztof Kalinowski
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Initial Study ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Market Forces ◽  
Sound Processing ◽  
Cutting Head ◽  
Short Time

Competition on the local and global market forces enterprises to implement modern solutions and adapt to technological changes. Applying modern solutions allows an increase in the quality of the product and reduces production costs. The acoustic sensor, as a relatively cheap solution, allows signals to be obtained which, after appropriate processing, can be used to develop an automatic control of the longwall shearer, together with the recognition of the type of shale. This paper presents an introductory research, the goal of which has been to check whether acoustic signals carry useful information on what kind of material–shale or coal–is being cut by the cutting head of a longwall shearer. For this purpose, the fast Fourier transform and short-time Fourier transform functions implemented in MatLab were used. The results of the analysis are presented in the form of three-dimensional graphs and spectrograms. To sum up, the research carried out so far justifies the need for continuation in the form of systematic experiments, the results of which could be incorporated into the control system of an unmanned combine.

The Influence of the Milling Media Environment on the Characteristics of a W-Cu Composite Powder

2008 ◽  
Vol 591-593 ◽  
pp. 154-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franciné Alves Costa ◽  
W.M. de Carvalho ◽  
A.G.P. Silva ◽  
Uilame Umbelino Gomes ◽  
José F. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Composite Powder ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Composite Particles ◽  
Dry Milling ◽  
Wet Milling ◽  
Composite Powders ◽  
Media Environment ◽  
The Mean

W-Cu composite powders were prepared by high energy milling under two milling environments: cyclohexane and air. Composite particles are formed in both cases. The W particles are fragmented and embedded into the Cu particles. Both, W and Cu, are heavily strained, mainly in the first hours of milling. The composite powder has high homogeneity and is much finer than the original Cu powder. The mean particle size of the powders milled in both conditions is very close, but the wet milling was near 25% longer than dry milling and the size distribution is wider. This is consequence of the higher milling intensity of dry milling.

Morphology and Fluidity of Spray-Dried Powder Transported by Compressed Air

2014 ◽  
Vol 798-799 ◽  
pp. 334-339
Author(s):  
André Luiz da Silva ◽  
Jucilene Feltrin ◽  
Adriano Michael Bernardin
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Compressed Air ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Wet Milling ◽  
The Press ◽  
Granule Morphology ◽  
Spray Dried ◽  
Scanning Electron

This work was carried out in a tile ceramic company that works with the wet milling process. The main objective was to evaluate the variations in the characteristics of the spray-dried powder transported vertically using compressed air. The particle size distribution, moisture and fluidity of the spray-dried powder were evaluated. The granule morphology was evaluated by scanning electron microscope. The main concern was the spray-dried powder fluidity, which in turn can impair the loading of the press, causing compaction fluctuations and thereby geometrical and size variations in the pressed samples. The results show that the vertical transportation by compressed air significantly impairs the fluidity of the spray-dried powder, reduces the moisture content and change the sphericity of the granules.

PENINGKATAN KUALITAS HIDUP MELALUI LOGOTERAPI PADA KLIEN YANG MENJALANI HEMODIALISIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
Abdul Wakhid ◽  
Ana Puji Astuti ◽  
Maya Kurnia Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Renal Failure ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
T Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Mean

Logoterapi merupakan terapi untuk menemukan makna positif dibalik sebuah kejadian yang tidak diharapkan. Logoterapi dilaksanakan secara individu maupun berkelompok dalam bentuk konseling dan berorientasi pada pencarian makna hidup individu. Tujuan logoterapi meningkatkan makna pengalaman hidup individu yang diarahkan kepada pengambilan keputusan yang bertanggung jawab. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan rancangan pre-experiment dengan metode pre and post test group, artinya pengumpulan data dilakukan terhadap responden untuk membandingkan kualitas hidup sebelum dan sesudah dilakukan intervensi. Teknik pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode total sampling yaitu pengambilan seluruh sampel dengan tetap memperhatikan kriteria yang telah ditetapkan. Jumlah pasien yang menjalani hemodialisis di RSUD Ungaran sebanyak 21 orang dan di RSUD Ambarawa sebanyak 25 pasien. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji t test dependent. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa dari 46 responden didapatkan rata-rata skor kualitas hidup pasien yang mejalani hemodialisis sebesar 60.22 dengan skor terrendah 55 dan skor tertinggi 69. Bahwa dari 46 responden didapatkan rata-rata skor kualitas hidup pasien yang mejalani hemodialisis sebesar 88.72 dengan skor terrendah 79 dan skor tertinggi 103. Hasil uji statistik dengan uji t test dependent diketahui ada pengaruh logoterapi terhadap kemampuan memaknai hidup pada klien yang menjalani hemodialisis di RSUD Kabupaten Semarang (p value: 0,0001). Saran perlunya peningkatan kemampuan perawat dalam memberikan layanan kesehatan termasuk pemberian atau pemanduan penemuan makna hidup bagi pasien hemodialysis, agar selain dengan hemodialysis, ada faktor internal dari pasien yang dapat dijadikan sebagai motivasi untuk sembuh dari penyakit.   Kata Kunci: Logoterapi, kualitas hidup   IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF PATIENTS WITH RENAL FAILURE WHO UNDERWENT HEMODIALYSIS   ABSTRACT Logotherapy is a therapy to discover the positive meaning behind an unexpected event. Logotherapy is carried out individually or in groups in the form of counseling and oriented to the search for the meaning of individual life. This study aims to improve the quality of life of patients with renal failure who underwent hemodialysis. This research was conducted by using pre-experiment with pre-post test study. The sampling technique was done by the convenience sampling. The number of patients undergoing hemodialysis as many as 46 respondents. Data analysis was done by using test t test dependent. The result showed that from 46 respondents got the mean of quality of life of patients who had hemodialysis 60.22 with lowest score 55 and highest score 69. Whereas from 46 respondents got the mean score of life quality of patients who had hemodialysis 88.72 with score the lowest score 79 and the highest score 103. The result of statistical test with t test dependent is known there is influence of logoterapi to the ability of meaningful life on client who undergo hemodialysis at Semarang Regency hospitals (p value: 0.0001). Advice on the need to improve the nurse's ability to provide health services, including the provision or guidance of the discovery of the meaning of life for hemodialysis patients, in addition to hemodialysis, there are internal factors of the patient that can be used as a motivation to recover from illness.   Keywords: Logotherapy, quality of life, kidney failure.  

Quality of ram spermatozoa separated with modified swim up method

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Hossain ◽  
MM Islam ◽  
F Naznin ◽  
RN Ferdousi ◽  
FY Bari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Semen Quality ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Fluid Medium ◽  
Normal Morphology ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mass Activity ◽  
Fresh Semen ◽  
Artificial Vagina

Semen was collected from four rams, using artificial vagina and viability%, motility% and plasma membrane integrity% were measured. Fresh ejaculates (n = 32) were separated by modified swim-up separation using modified human tubal fluid medium. Four fractions of supernatant were collected at 15-minute intervals. The mean volume, mass activity, concentration, motility%, viability%, normal morphology and membrane integrity% (HOST +ve) of fresh semen were 1.0 ± 0.14, 4.1 ± 0.1 × 109 spermatozoa/ml, 85.0 ± 1.3, 89.4 ± 1.0, 85.5 ± 0.7, 84.7 ± 0.5 respectively. There was no significant (P>0.05) difference in fresh semen quality parameters between rams. The motility%, viability% and HOST +ve % of first, second, third and fourth fractions were 53.4 ± 0.5, 68.2 ± 0.3, 74.8 ± 0.3 and 65.5 ± 0.4; 55.5 ± 0.4, 66.2 ± 0.4, 74.5 ± 0.3 and 73.6 ± 0.3 and 66.7 ± 0.5, 66.8 ± 0.5, 65.2 ± 0.4 and 74.7 ± 0.5 respectively. The motility%, viability% and membrane integrity% of separated semen samples differed significantly (P<0.05) between four fractions. The mean motility% and viability% were significantly higher (P<0.05) in third fraction (74.8 ± 0.3%), whereas the mean HOST +ve% was significantly higher (P<0.05) in fourth fraction (74.7 ± 0.5). All quality parameters of separated spermatozoa were significantly (P<0.05) lower than that of fresh semen. The pregnancy rates were higher with fresh semen (71%) in comparison to that of separated sample (57%).Bangl. vet. 2016. Vol. 33, No. 2, 62-70

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