scholarly journals Production of Polyhydroxyalkanoates and Extracellular Products Using Pseudomonas Corrugata and P. Mediterranea: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grazia Licciardello ◽  
Antonino F. Catara ◽  
Vittoria Catara
Keyword(s):  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Pseudomonas Corrugata ◽  
Metabolic Potential ◽  
Medium Chain Length ◽  
Extracellular Products ◽  
Polylactide Acid

Some strains of Pseudomonas corrugata (Pco) and P. mediterranea (Pme) efficiently synthesize medium-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoates elastomers (mcl-PHA) and extracellular products on related and unrelated carbon sources. Yield and composition are dependent on the strain, carbon source, fermentation process, and any additives. Selected Pco strains produce amorphous and sticky mcl-PHA, whereas strains of Pme produce, on high grade and partially refined biodiesel glycerol, a distinctive filmable PHA, very different from the conventional microbial mcl-PHA, suitable for making blends with polylactide acid. However, the yields still need to be improved and production costs lowered. An integrated process has been developed to recover intracellular mcl-PHA and extracellular bioactive molecules. Transcriptional regulation studies during PHA production contribute to understanding the metabolic potential of Pco and Pme strains. Data available suggest that pha biosynthesis genes and their regulations will be helpful to develop new, integrated strategies for cost-effective production.

scholarly journals Low-quality animal by-product streams for the production of PHA-biopolymers: fats, fat/protein-emulsions and materials with high ash content as low-cost feedstocks

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Saad ◽  
Björn Gutschmann ◽  
Thomas Grimm ◽  
Torsten Widmer ◽  
Peter Neubauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ralstonia Eutropha ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Medium Chain Length ◽  
Current Production ◽  
Copolymer Poly ◽  
By Products

Abstract Objective The rapid accumulation of crude-oil based plastics in the environment is posing a fundamental threat to the future of mankind. The biodegradable and bio-based polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) can replace conventional plastics, however, their current production costs are not competitive and therefore prohibiting PHAs from fulfilling their potential. Results Different low-quality animal by-products, which were separated by thermal hydrolysis into a fat-, fat/protein-emulsion- and mineral-fat-mixture- (material with high ash content) phase, were successfully screened as carbon sources for the production of PHA. Thereby, Ralstonia eutropha Re2058/pCB113 accumulated the short- and medium-chain-length copolymer poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyhexanoate) [P(HB-co-HHx)]. Up to 90 wt% PHA per cell dry weight with HHx-contents of 12–26 mol% were produced in shake flask cultivations. Conclusion In future, the PHA production cost could be lowered by using the described animal by-product streams as feedstock. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Sea-ice bacteria, Halomonas sp. 363 and Paracoccus sp. 392, produce multiple types of poly-3-hydroxyalkaonoic acid (PHA) storage polymers at low temperature

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Eronen-Rasimus ◽  
J. Hultman ◽  
T. Hai ◽  
I.S. Pessi ◽  
E. Collins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Halophilic Bacteria ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Plastic Pollution ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Medium Chain Length ◽  
Lower Production

Poly-3-hydroxyalkanoic acids (PHAs) are bacterial storage polymers commonly used in bioplastic production. Halophilic bacteria are industrially interesting organisms as their salinity tolerance and psychrophilic nature lowers sterility requirements and subsequent production costs. We investigated the PHA synthesis in two bacterial strains, Halomonas sp . 363 and Paracoccus sp . 392, isolated from Southern Ocean sea ice and elucidated the related PHA biopolymer accumulation and composition with various approaches, such as transcriptomics, microscopy and chromatography. We show that both bacterial strains produce PHAs at 4°C when the availability of nitrogen and/or oxygen limited growth. The genome of Halomonas sp. 363 encoded three phaC synthase genes and transcribed genes along three PHA pathways (I–III), whereas Paracoccus sp . 392 carry only one phaC gene and transcribed genes along one pathway (I). Thus Halomonas sp. 363 has versatile repertoire of phaC genes and pathways enabling production of both short- and medium chain length PHA products. IMPORTANCE Plastic pollution is one of the most topical threats to the health of the oceans and seas. One recognized way to alleviate the problem is to use degradable bioplastic materials in high-risk applications. PHA is a promising bioplastic material as it is non-toxic and fully produced and degraded by bacteria. Sea ice is an interesting environment for prospecting novel PHA-producing organisms, since traits advantageous to lower production costs, such as tolerance for high salinities and low temperatures are common. We show that two sea-ice bacteria, Halomonas sp. 363 and Paracoccus sp. 392, are able to produce various types of PHA from inexpensive carbon sources. Halomonas sp. 363 is an especially interesting PHA-producing organism, since it has three different synthesis pathways to produce both short- and medium-chain length PHAs.

scholarly journals Specialized Metabolites from Ribosome Engineered Strains of Streptomyces clavuligerus

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 239
Author(s):  
Arshad Ali Shaikh ◽  
Louis-Felix Nothias ◽  
Santosh K. Srivastava ◽  
Pieter C. Dorrestein ◽  
Kapil Tahlan
Keyword(s):  
In Silico Analysis ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Streptomyces Clavuligerus ◽  
Strain Engineering ◽  
Ribosome Recycling Factor ◽  
Metabolic Potential ◽  
Putative Gene ◽  
Specialized Metabolites ◽  
Streptomyces Spp

Bacterial specialized metabolites are of immense importance because of their medicinal, industrial, and agricultural applications. Streptomyces clavuligerus is a known producer of such compounds; however, much of its metabolic potential remains unknown, as many associated biosynthetic gene clusters are silent or expressed at low levels. The overexpression of ribosome recycling factor (frr) and ribosome engineering (induced rpsL mutations) in other Streptomyces spp. has been reported to increase the production of known specialized metabolites. Therefore, we used an overexpression strategy in combination with untargeted metabolomics, molecular networking, and in silico analysis to annotate 28 metabolites in the current study, which have not been reported previously in S. clavuligerus. Many of the newly described metabolites are commonly found in plants, further alluding to the ability of S. clavuligerus to produce such compounds under specific conditions. In addition, the manipulation of frr and rpsL led to different metabolite production profiles in most cases. Known and putative gene clusters associated with the production of the observed compounds are also discussed. This work suggests that the combination of traditional strain engineering and recently developed metabolomics technologies together can provide rapid and cost-effective strategies to further speed up the discovery of novel natural products.

scholarly journals Sporulation in solventogenic and acetogenic clostridia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamou Diallo ◽  
Servé W. M. Kengen ◽  
Ana M. López-Contreras
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Biotechnological Production ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Sporulation Initiation ◽  
Solventogenic Clostridia

AbstractThe Clostridium genus harbors compelling organisms for biotechnological production processes; while acetogenic clostridia can fix C1-compounds to produce acetate and ethanol, solventogenic clostridia can utilize a wide range of carbon sources to produce commercially valuable carboxylic acids, alcohols, and ketones by fermentation. Despite their potential, the conversion by these bacteria of carbohydrates or C1 compounds to alcohols is not cost-effective enough to result in economically viable processes. Engineering solventogenic clostridia by impairing sporulation is one of the investigated approaches to improve solvent productivity. Sporulation is a cell differentiation process triggered in bacteria in response to exposure to environmental stressors. The generated spores are metabolically inactive but resistant to harsh conditions (UV, chemicals, heat, oxygen). In Firmicutes, sporulation has been mainly studied in bacilli and pathogenic clostridia, and our knowledge of sporulation in solvent-producing or acetogenic clostridia is limited. Still, sporulation is an integral part of the cellular physiology of clostridia; thus, understanding the regulation of sporulation and its connection to solvent production may give clues to improve the performance of solventogenic clostridia. This review aims to provide an overview of the triggers, characteristics, and regulatory mechanism of sporulation in solventogenic clostridia. Those are further compared to the current knowledge on sporulation in the industrially relevant acetogenic clostridia. Finally, the potential applications of spores for process improvement are discussed.Key Points• The regulatory network governing sporulation initiation varies in solventogenic clostridia.• Media composition and cell density are the main triggers of sporulation.• Spores can be used to improve the fermentation process.

Evaluation Of Filter Cake Oil As Antifoam In Yeast Production. New Use For This By-Product Of The Sugarcane Derivatives Industry

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indira Pérez Bermúdez ◽  
Arletis Cruz Llerena ◽  
Keyla Tortoló Cabañas ◽  
Manuel Díaz de los Ríos ◽  
Miguel Ángel Peña ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Filter Cake ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Solubility Parameters ◽  
Knock Down ◽  
Knockdown Effect ◽  
Fodder Yeast ◽  
Effective Product

Abstract Purpuse: Fodder yeast is obtained in an aerobic fermentation process where foaming is a major problem to be solved. In this article, the antifoam property of crude and purified filter cake oil is evaluated in order to use this residual as an alternative to replace the import of commercial antifoam agents and to reduce the production costs of fodder yeastMethod: Knock down test and the comparisons with two commercial antifoam agents were done. Blackstrap molasses medium at 20 and 40 g/L of total reducing sugar was used. All products were studied in their pure form and commercial ones also in dilutions 1:2 and 1:5 v/v. Hansen's solubility parameters (HSPs) to analyze the affinity of each defoamer for yeast were determined.Results: It was obtained the crude and purified filter cake oil showed similar behavior to commercial defoamers with an immediate antifoam effect, removing between 40 and 60% of the initial foam at both sugar concentrations in the first 5 minutes. The regression model showed purified filter cake oil has the greatest knockdown effect (Ca = 55.85 and 74.32) and with greater foam suppression stability the commercial defoamer Quimifoam Máster (Cb = -0.69 and -1.38). Ra values obtained in HSPs test, indicated the affinity of defoamers to the medium. Conclusion: Purified filter cake oil is an effective product for its use as an antifoam with the best knock down effect for both concentrations of sugars in the medium. The determination of HSPs corroborates the effectiveness of this product to suppress foam.

scholarly journals Simulated retrievals for the remote sensing of CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub>, CO, and H<sub>2</sub>O from geostationary orbit

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 4817-4830 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Xi ◽  
V. Natraj ◽  
R. L. Shia ◽  
M. Luo ◽  
Q. Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Clear Sky ◽  
Notable Increase ◽  
Measurement Strategies

Abstract. The Geostationary Fourier Transform Spectrometer (GeoFTS) is designed to measure high-resolution spectra of reflected sunlight in three near-infrared bands centered around 0.76, 1.6, and 2.3 μm and to deliver simultaneous retrievals of column-averaged dry air mole fractions of CO2, CH4, CO, and H2O (denoted XCO2, XCH4, XCO, and XH2O, respectively) at different times of day over North America. In this study, we perform radiative transfer simulations over both clear-sky and all-sky scenes expected to be observed by GeoFTS and estimate the prospective performance of retrievals based on results from Bayesian error analysis and characterization. We find that, for simulated clear-sky retrievals, the average retrieval biases and single-measurement precisions are < 0.2 % for XCO2, XCH4, and XH2O, and < 2 % for XCO, when the a priori values have a bias of 3 % and an uncertainty of 3 %. In addition, an increase in the amount of aerosols and ice clouds leads to a notable increase in the retrieval biases and slight worsening of the retrieval precisions. Furthermore, retrieval precision is a strong function of signal-to-noise ratio and spectral resolution. This simulation study can help guide decisions on the design of the GeoFTS observing system, which can result in cost-effective measurement strategies while achieving satisfactory levels of retrieval precisions and biases. The simultaneous retrievals at different times of day will be important for more accurate estimation of carbon sources and sinks on fine spatiotemporal scales and for studies related to the atmospheric component of the water cycle.

scholarly journals Convective Drying at Fish Chips Technology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav Pokholchenko ◽  
Aleksandra Smirnova ◽  
Yana Glukhikh
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Convective Drying ◽  
Fish Processing ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Technological Processes ◽  
Modes Of Processing ◽  
Minced Fish

The article presents the overview of the main technological processes in fish structured products dehydration. The rational modes of the technological process of minced fish raw materials with various initial moisture and fat content heat treatment are determined. One of the main tasks of the fish processing industry development which allows increasing the profitability of products and their quality is improving technological processes. The scientifically substantiated choice of resource and energy-saving modes of processing food materials is highly important in this case. It will reduce not only production costs but also emissions of harmful substances into the environment and increase the efficiency of using equipment. It must be taken into consideration that the optimization of dehydration technological processes without identifying their patterns is extremely difficult. Increasing efficiency and controlling technological processes makes sense only on the basis of patterns. The effectiveness of the hydrobionts processing determines the quality and cost of finished products manufacturing while fish processing enterprises working. The development and implementation of highly efficient technologies with the use of resource-saving technical systems, for example, using heat pumps, makes it possible to produce cost-effective high-quality products.

scholarly journals Genomics Reveals the Metabolic Potential and Functions in the Redistribution of Dissolved Organic Matter in Marine Environments of the Genus Thalassotalea

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1412
Author(s):  
Minji Kim ◽  
In-Tae Cha ◽  
Ki-Eun Lee ◽  
Eun-Young Lee ◽  
Soo-Je Park
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
Extracellular Enzymes ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Marine Environments ◽  
Metabolic Potential ◽  
Carbohydrate Utilization ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Metagenomic Study

Members of the bacterial genus Thalassotalea have been isolated recently from various marine environments, including marine invertebrates. A metagenomic study of the Deepwater Horizon oil plume has identified genes involved in aromatic hydrocarbon degradation in the Thalassotalea genome, shedding light on its potential role in the degradation of crude oils. However, the genomic traits of the genus are not well-characterized, despite the ability of the species to degrade complex natural compounds, such as agar, gelatin, chitin, or starch. Here, we obtained a complete genome of a new member of the genus, designated PS06, isolated from marine sediments containing dead marine benthic macroalgae. Unexpectedly, strain PS06 was unable to grow using most carbohydrates as sole carbon sources, which is consistent with the finding of few ABC transporters in the PS06 genome. A comparative analysis of 12 Thalassotalea genomes provided insights into their metabolic potential (e.g., microaerobic respiration and carbohydrate utilization) and evolutionary stability [including a low abundance of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) loci and prophages]. The diversity and frequency of genes encoding extracellular enzymes for carbohydrate metabolism in the 12 genomes suggest that members of Thalassotalea contribute to nutrient cycling by the redistribution of dissolved organic matter in marine environments. Our study improves our understanding of the ecological and genomic properties of the genus Thalassotalea.

scholarly journals A Case of Adaptive Laboratory Evolution (ALE): Biodegradation of Furfural by Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes CECT 5344

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 499 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Isabel Igeño ◽  
Daniel Macias ◽  
Rafael Blasco
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Yeast Fermentation ◽  
Adaptive Laboratory Evolution ◽  
Pseudomonas Pseudoalcaligenes ◽  
Hydroxymethyl Furfural ◽  
Double Recombination ◽  
Lag Period

Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes CECT 5344 is a bacterium able to assimilate cyanide as a nitrogen source at alkaline pH. Genome sequencing of this strain allowed the detection of genes related to the utilization of furfurals as a carbon and energy source. Furfural and 5-(hydroxymethyl) furfural (HMF) are byproducts of sugars production during the hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass. Since they inhibit the yeast fermentation to obtain bioethanol from sugars, the biodegradation of these compounds has attracted certain scientific interest. P. pseudoalcaligenes was able to use furfuryl alcohol, furfural and furoic acid as carbon sources, but after a lag period of several days. Once adapted, the evolved strain (R1D) did not show any more prolonged lag phases. The transcriptomic analysis (RNA-seq) of R1D revealed a non-conservative punctual mutation (L261R) in BN5_2307, a member of the AraC family of activators, modifying the charge of the HTH region of the protein. The inactivation of the mutated gene in the evolved strain by double recombination reverted to the original phenotype. Although the bacterium did not assimilate HMF, it transformed it into value-added building blocks for the chemical industry. These results could be used to improve the production of cost-effective second-generation biofuels from agricultural wastes.

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