scholarly journals Biology of Lymphedema

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 261
Author(s):  
Bianca Brix ◽  
Omar Sery ◽  
Alberto Onorato ◽  
Christian Ure ◽  
Andreas Roessler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymphatic System ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Physiological System ◽  
System Function ◽  
Vascular Changes ◽  
Hemodynamic Responses ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
System A ◽  
Fluid Regulation ◽  
Physiological Systems

This narrative review portrays the lymphatic system, a poorly understood but important physiological system. While several reviews have been published that are related to the biology of the lymphatic system and lymphedema, the physiological alternations, which arise due to disturbances of this system, and during lymphedema therapy, are poorly understood and, consequently, not widely reported. We present an inclusive collection of evidence from the scientific literature reflecting important developments in lymphedema research over the last few decades. This review aims at advancing the knowledge on the area of lymphatic system function as well as how system dysfunction, as seen in lymphedema, affects physiological systems and how lymphedema therapy modulates these mechanisms. We propose that future studies should aim at investigating, in-detail, aspects that are related to fluid regulation, hemodynamic responses, and endothelial and/or vascular changes due to lymphedema and lymphedema therapy.

scholarly journals An Updated Technical–Tactical Categorisation in Taekwondo: From General Tactical Objectives to Combat Situations

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 10493
Author(s):  
Merce Barrientos ◽  
Miguel A. Saavedra-García ◽  
Rafael Arriaza-Loureda ◽  
Cristina Menescardi ◽  
Juan J. Fernández-Romero
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Reliable Data ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Category System ◽  
System A ◽  
Rule Changes ◽  
Competitive Model ◽  
Generalisability Theory

Taekwondo competition underwent enormous development with the recent introduction of electronic scoring devices and rule changes. Although the competitive model of taekwondo had been previously studied, most of the literature that analyses this model was previous to the introduction of electronic devices or not based on a prior system of categories. Not only are results of an up-to-date taxonomy essential to guarantee the sustainability of future research about taekwondo based on methodological observation, but they are also completely necessary. This article proposes and validates a new categorisation of taekwondoist technical–tactical actions in the competition after the modifications were introduced between Beijing 2008 and Tokyo 2021 qualification events. The association between environmental conditions, tactical objectives, and technical actions determines the defining parameters of the combat situations. To design the category system, a dual methodology was used: in the first stage, an in-depth review of the technical and scientific literature based on observation of combats was carried out. From that review, a synthesis document was produced, which subsequently was used as a basis for canvassing an up-to-date view of the question from expert advisers. The existing terminology and categories were rearranged and updated, establishing new parameters involved in the technical–tactical resources of contest situations. This updated categorisation was tested by using the generalisability theory, revealing excellent-to-perfect observers’ agreement and reliable data. This new categorisation will allow designing precise and sustainable tools over time for methodological observation of taekwondo in future studies.

Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Therapies for the Lymphatic System: A Pictorial Essay

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Toliyat ◽  
Anish Patel ◽  
Ali Alian ◽  
Patrick Sutphin ◽  
Sanjeeva Kalva
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Imaging ◽  
Lymphatic System ◽  
System A ◽  
Pictorial Essay ◽  
Interventional Therapies

scholarly journals Implications of Autonomous Vehicles for Accessibility and Transport Equity: A Framework Based on Literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4448
Author(s):  
Alberto Dianin ◽  
Elisa Ravazzoli ◽  
Georg Hauger
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Transport System ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Social Accessibility ◽  
The Relationship

Increasing accessibility and balancing its distribution across space and social groups are two fundamental goals to make transport more sustainable and equitable. In the next decades, autonomous vehicles (AVs) could significantly transform the transport system, influencing accessibility and transport equity. In particular, depending on the assumed features of AVs (e.g., private or collective) and the considered spatial, social, and regulative context (e.g., rural or urban areas), impacts may be very different. Nevertheless, research in this field is still limited, and the relationship between AV assumptions and accessibility impacts is still partially unclear. This paper aims to provide a framework of the key and emerging aspects related to the implications of AVs for accessibility and transport equity. To set this framework, we perform an analysis of the scientific literature based on a conceptual model describing the implications of AVs for the distribution of accessibility across space and social groups. We recognize four main expected impacts of AVs on accessibility: (1) accessibility polarization, (2) accessibility sprawl, (3) exacerbation of social accessibility inequities, and (4) alleviation of social accessibility inequities. These impacts are described and analyzed in relation to the main AV assumptions expected to trigger them through different mechanisms. Based on the results, some recommendations for future studies intending to focus on the relation between AVs, accessibility, and transport equity are provided.

scholarly journals Blockchain Applications in Agribusiness: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Geneci da Silva Ribeiro Rocha ◽  
Letícia de Oliveira ◽  
Edson Talamini
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Near Future

Blockchain is a technology that can be applied in different sectors to solve various problems. As a complex system, agribusiness presents many possibilities to take advantage of blockchain technology. The main goal of this paper is to identify the purposes for which blockchain has been applied in the agribusiness sector, for which a PRISMA-based systematic review was carried out. The scientific literature corpus was accessed and selected from Elsevier’s Scopus and ISI of Knowledge’s Web of Science (WoS) platforms, using the PRISMA protocol procedures. Seventy-one articles were selected for analysis. Blockchain application in agribusiness is a novel topic, with the first publication dating from 2016. The technological development prevails more than blockchain applications since it has been addressed mainly in the Computer Sciences and Engineering. Blockchain applications for agribusiness management of financial, energy, logistical, environmental, agricultural, livestock, and industrial purposes have been reported in the literature. The findings suggest that blockchain brings many benefits when used in agribusiness supply chains. We concluded that the research on blockchain applications in agribusiness is only at an early stage, as many prototypes are being developed and tested in the laboratory. In the near future, blockchain will be increasingly applied across all economic sectors, including agribusiness, promoting greater reliability and agility in information with a reduced cost. Several gaps for future studies were observed, with significant value for science, industry, and society.

scholarly journals Detecting and Quantifying Polyhaloaromatic Environmental Pollutants by Chemiluminescence-Based Analytical Method

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 3365
Author(s):  
Ben-Zhan Zhu ◽  
Miao Tang ◽  
Chun-Hua Huang ◽  
Li Mao
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Method ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
System A ◽  
Quinoid Structure ◽  
Fenton System ◽  
Generating System ◽  
H2o2 System

Polyhaloaromatic compounds (XAr) are ubiquitous and recalcitrant in the environment. They are potentially carcinogenic to organisms and may induce serious risks to the ecosystem, raising increasing public concern. Therefore, it is important to detect and quantify these ubiquitous XAr in the environment, and to monitor their degradation kinetics during the treatment of these recalcitrant pollutants. We have previously found that unprecedented intrinsic chemiluminescence (CL) can be produced by a haloquinones/H2O2 system, a newly-found ●OH-generating system different from the classic Fenton system. Recently, we found that the degradation of priority pollutant pentachlorophenol by the classic Fe(II)-Fenton system could produce intrinsic CL, which was mainly dependent on the generation of chloroquinone intermediates. Analogous effects were observed for all nineteen chlorophenols, other halophenols and several classes of XAr, and a novel, rapid and sensitive CL-based analytical method was developed to detect these XAr and monitor their degradation kinetics. Interestingly, for those XAr with halohydroxyl quinoid structure, a Co(II)-mediated Fenton-like system could induce a stronger CL emission and higher degradation, probably due to site-specific generation of highly-effective ●OH. These findings may have broad chemical and environmental implications for future studies, which would be helpful for developing new analytical methods and technologies to investigate those ubiquitous XAr.

scholarly journals Hemodynamic Responses in Lower Limb Lymphedema Patients Undergoing Physical Therapy

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 642
Author(s):  
Bianca Brix ◽  
Olivier White ◽  
Christian Ure ◽  
Gert Apich ◽  
Paul Simon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Therapy ◽  
Lymphatic System ◽  
Orthostatic Intolerance ◽  
Hemodynamic Responses ◽  
Stand Test ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Sit To Stand ◽  
Complete Decongestive Therapy ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Baseline Values

Background: Lymphedema arises due to a malfunction of the lymphatic system, leading to extensive tissue swelling. Complete decongestive therapy (CDT), which is a physical therapy lasting for 3 weeks and includes manual lymphatic drainages (MLD), leads to fluid mobilization and increases in plasma volume. Here, we investigated hemodynamic responses induced by these fluid shifts due to CDT and MLD. Methods: Hemodynamic parameters were assessed continuously during a sit-to-stand test (5 min baseline, 5 min of standing, and 5 min of recovery). This intervention was repeated on days 1, 2, 7, 14, and 21 of CDT, before and after MLD. Volume regulatory hormones were assessed in plasma samples. Results: A total number of 13 patients took part in this investigation. Resting diastolic blood pressure significantly decreased over three weeks of CDT (p = 0.048). No changes in baseline values were shown due to MLD. However, MLD led to a significant decrease in heart rate during orthostatic loading over all epochs on therapy day 14, as well as day 21. Volume regulatory hormones did not show changes over lymphedema therapy. Conclusion: We did not observe any signs of orthostatic hypotension at rest, as well as during to CDT, indicating that lymphedema patients do not display an elevated risk of orthostatic intolerance. Although baseline hemodynamics were not affected, MLD has shown to have potential beneficial effects on hemodynamic responses to a sit-to-stand test in patients undergoing lymphedema therapy.

scholarly journals The Meningeal Lymphatic System: A New Player in Neurophysiology

Neuron ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandro Da Mesquita ◽  
Zhongxiao Fu ◽  
Jonathan Kipnis
Keyword(s):  
Lymphatic System ◽  
System A

scholarly journals The Effects of Anthropogenic Sound and Artificial Light Exposure on Microbiomes: Ecological and Public Health Implications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jake M Robinson ◽  
Ross Cameron ◽  
Brenda Parker
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Microbial Interactions ◽  
Light Pollution ◽  
Artificial Light ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Health Implications

Globally, anthropogenic sound and artificial light pollution have increased to alarming levels. Evidence suggests that these can disrupt critical processes that impact ecosystems and human health. However, limited focus has been given to the potential effects of sound and artificial light pollution on microbiomes. Microbial communities are the foundations of our ecosystems. They are essential for human health and provide myriad ecosystem services. Therefore, disruption to microbiomes by anthropogenic sound and artificial light could have important ecological and human health implications. In this mini-review, we provide a critical appraisal of available scientific literature on the effects of anthropogenic sound and light exposure on microorganisms and discuss the potential ecological and human health implications. Our mini-review shows that a limited number of studies have been carried out to investigate the effects of anthropogenic sound and light pollution on microbiomes. However, based on these studies, it is evident that anthropogenic sound and light pollution have the potential to significantly influence ecosystems and human health via microbial interactions. Many of the studies suffered from modest sample sizes, suboptimal experiments designs, and some of the bioinformatics approaches used are now outdated. These factors should be improved in future studies. This is an emerging and severely underexplored area of research that could have important implications for global ecosystems and public health. Finally, we also propose the photo-sonic restoration hypothesis: does restoring natural levels of light and sound help to restore microbiomes and ecosystem stability?

scholarly journals Review: The Effects of Supersonic Aviation on Ozone and Climate

Aerospace ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Sigrun Matthes ◽  
David S. Lee ◽  
Ruben Rodriguez De De Leon ◽  
Ling Lim ◽  
Bethan Owen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emission Scenario ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Climate Effect ◽  
Regulatory Issues ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Climate Effects ◽  
Supersonic Transport ◽  
Quantitative Estimates

When working towards regulation of supersonic aviation, a comprehensive understanding of the global climate effect of supersonic aviation is required in order to develop future regulatory issues. Such research requires a comprehensive overview of existing scientific literature having explored the climate effect of aviation. This review article provides an overview on earlier studies assessing the climate effects of supersonic aviation, comprising non-CO2 effects. An overview on the historical evaluation of research focussing on supersonic aviation and its environmental impacts is provided, followed by an overview on concepts explored and construction of emission inventories. Quantitative estimates provided for individual effects are presented and compared. Subsequently, regulatory issues related to supersonic transport are summarised. Finally, requirements for future studies, e.g., in emission scenario construction or numerical modelling of climate effects, are summarised and main conclusions discussed.

Factors affecting changes in rheological properties of blood – literature review

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 247-250
Author(s):  
Magdalena Kępińska ◽  
Zbigniew Szyguła ◽  
Zbigniew Dąbrowski ◽  
Marta Szarek
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
System A ◽  
High Elasticity ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Biochemical Indices

Erythrocytes have high elasticity and the ability to build blood aggregates, they can pass through the smallest capillaries, thus ensuring the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide in all areas of the vascular system. A decrease in the deformability of erythrocytes may result in reduced blood flow and thereby the cause of many diseases. The increase in blood viscosity is observed, among others, in diabetes, hypertension, obesity and the elderly. Rheological studies of blood in conjunction with morphological and biochemical indices of blood provide valuable information about health of the patient. Any change in the viscosity of blood or plasma should be monitored, as this may indicate a health problem. The aim of the study was to present, based on the available scientific literature, physiological factors influencing changes in rheological properties of blood, for example: exercise, temperature and body weight

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