scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance of Staphylococci from Bulk-Tank Milk of Sheep Flocks: Prevalence, Patterns, Association with Biofilm Formation, Effects on Milk Quality, and Risk Factors

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1016
Author(s):  
Daphne T. Lianou ◽  
Efthymia Petinaki ◽  
Peter J. Cripps ◽  
Dimitris A. Gougoulis ◽  
Charalambia K. Michael ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bulk Tank Milk ◽  
Bulk Tank ◽  
Quality Of Milk

The objectives of this work were to study prevalence and characteristics of resistance to antibiotics of staphylococcal isolates from the bulk-tank milk of sheep flocks across Greece, to assess possible associations of the presence of antibiotic resistance with the quality of milk in these flocks and to evaluate flock-related factors potentially associated with antibiotic resistance among these isolates. A cross-sectional study was performed in 325 sheep flocks in Greece. Bulk-tank milk samples were collected for bacteriological examination; staphylococcal isolates were evaluated for resistance to 20 antibiotics. Oxacillin-resistant staphylococcal isolates, isolates resistant to any antibiotic, and multi-resistant isolates were recovered from 8.0%, 30.5%, and 12.0% of flocks, respectively. Of 232 isolates, 11.6% were resistant to oxacillin, 46.1% were resistant to at least one antibiotic, and 16.4% were multi-resistant. Resistance was seen more frequently among coagulase-negative (50.6%) than among Staphylococcus aureus (31.5%) isolates. Resistance was more frequent against penicillin and ampicillin (34.1% of isolates), clindamycin (17.7%), and fosfomycin (14.2%). An association was found between biofilm formation by staphylococci and resistance to fosfomycin. For recovery of oxacillin-resistant isolates, the lack of experience by farmers emerged as a significant factor; respective factors for the isolation of staphylococci resistant to any antibiotic or multi-resistant isolates were the early stage of the lactation period (0th–1st month) and the intensive management system applied in the flocks, respectively.

scholarly journals Prevalence, Patterns, Association with Biofilm Formation, Effects on Milk Quality, and Risk Factors for Antibiotic Resistance of Staphylococci from Bulk-Tank Milk of Goat Herds

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1225
Author(s):  
Daphne T. Lianou ◽  
Efthymia Petinaki ◽  
Peter J. Cripps ◽  
Dimitris A. Gougoulis ◽  
Charalambia K. Michael ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bulk Tank Milk ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Bulk Tank ◽  
Quality Of Milk

The objectives of this work were to study the prevalence and the patterns of antibiotic resistance of staphylococcal isolates from bulk-tank milk of goat herds across Greece, to assess possible associations of the presence of antibiotic resistance with the quality of milk in these herds and to evaluate herd-related factors potentially associated with the presence of antibiotic resistance among these staphylococcal isolates. A cross-sectional study was performed on 119 goat herds in Greece. Bulk-tank milk samples were collected for bacteriological examination; staphylococcal isolates were evaluated for resistance to 20 antibiotics. Oxacillin-resistant, resistant to at least one antibiotic, and multi-resistant staphylococcal isolates were recovered from 5.0%, 30.3%, and 16.0% of herds, respectively. Of 80 isolates, 7.5% were resistant to oxacillin, 50.0% were resistant to at least one antibiotic and 27.5% were multi-resistant. Resistance was seen more frequently among coagulase-negative staphylococci (59.3%) than among Staphylococcus aureus (23.8%). Resistance was more frequent against penicillin and ampicillin (41.3% of isolates) and fosfomycin (27.5%). No association was found with biofilm formation by staphylococci. For recovery of oxacillin-resistant isolates, the presence of working staff in the herds emerged as a significant factor; respective factors for the isolation of staphylococci resistant to at least one antibiotic were part-time farming and high (>10) number of systemic disinfections in the farm annually. The same three factors concurrently were also identified to be significant for the recovery of multi-resistant isolates.

scholarly journals Anxiety Among Inpatients With Cancer: Findings From a Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study in Vietnam

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 107327481986464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dung Viet Truong ◽  
Quyen Thi Tu Bui ◽  
Do Tri Nguyen ◽  
Jaleesa Moore
Keyword(s):  
Health Workers ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Anxiety Score ◽  
Medical Mistrust ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Patient Health

Anxiety, a condition which is commonly found in patients with cancer, has negative impacts on their quality of life and treatment outcome. This study aimed to determine the level of anxiety in patients with cancer and explore sociodemographic, disease-related, and hospital-related factors associated with anxiety in those patients. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 510 inpatients with cancer at Thanh Hoa Oncology Hospital, Vietnam. Data were collected from self-administered questionnaire forms on hospital depression anxiety-A, interviews with patients, and patient medical records. The univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses were performed using STATA ver. 14.0. Our finding that the patients’ mean anxiety score (standard deviation) was 7.22 (3.8); 27.6% of the patients had an anxiety score between 8 and 10 points, and 15.5% had an anxiety score of ≥11 points. In the multivariate model, in more advanced stages of cancer, and patients with metastasis were more likely to have higher levels of anxiety than those who presented no sign of metastasis. The longer the patients had cancer, the less anxious they became. Lower levels of anxiety were observed in patients who stated that hospital facilities were adequate or had trust in health workers. Patients with cancer need to be provided with psychological support in the early stage of cancer detection and when metastases form. A strong patient–health-care provider relationship after diagnosis may help reduce distress among patients with cancer with higher levels of medical mistrust.

scholarly journals Genetic Determinants of Biofilm Formation and Antibiotic Resistance of Helicobacter Pylori using Whole Genome Sequencing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kartika Afrida Fauzia ◽  
Hafeza Aftab ◽  
Muhammad Miftahussurur ◽  
Langgeng Agung Waskito ◽  
Vo Phuoc Tuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Genetic Determinants ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
H Pylori

Abstract The nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with the biofilm formation phenotype of Helicobacter pylori were investigated. Fifty-six H. pylori isolates from Bangladeshi patients were included in this cross-sectional study. Crystal violet was used to classify the phenotypes into high- and low-biofilm formers. Whole genome sequences were analyzed using the “Antimicrobial Resistance Identification By Assembly” (ARIBA) pipeline. The results indicated 19.6% high- and 81.4% low-biofilm formers. These phenotypes were not related to specific clades in the phylogenetic analysis. Biofilm formation was significantly associated with SNPs of alpA, alpB, cagE, cgt, csd4, csd5, futB, gluP, homD, and murF (P < 0.05). Among the SNPs reported in alpB, strains encoding the N156K, G160S, and A223V mutations were high-biofilm formers. Mutations associated with antibiotic resistance can be detected. This study revealed the potential role of SNPs to biofilm formation, and propose a method to detect mutation in antibiotic resistance and biofilm from whole genome sequences.

scholarly journals BIOFILM FORMATION AND ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY OF STROKE PATIENT’S URINARY CATHETER ISOLATES AT BETHESDA HOSPITAL, YOGYAKARTA

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Christofer Sathya Wijaya Budi Sarwono
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Urinary Catheter ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
E Coli

Background: Antibiotic resistance currently challenges infectious disease management, specifically in combating biofilm formation. Biofilm might be developed on urinary catheter, in which stroke patients with urinary tract problem have higher risk of catheter associated urinary tract infection and problems related to antibiotic resistance. Aim: This study describes the microbe types from catheter isolates, measuring the antibiotic susceptibility and biofilm formation, especially in stroke patients at Bethesda Hospital, Yogyakarta. Method: This is a cross-sectional study, describing findings of specimens from stroke patients at Bethesda Hospital, since December 2018 to January 2019. The isolates were identified with standard method, the antibiotic susceptibility were tested with antibiotic disc on MHA medium, and the biofilm formation were assessed using tissue culture plate method. All procedure were done in Microbiology Laboratorium, FK UKDW. Result: Thirty three microbes were isolated from 30 specimens of urinary catheter (63,3% male, 36,3% female). There is 76% isolates incapable of developing biofilm, while 15% is moderate biofilm producer and 9% is strong biofilm producer. The susceptibility test showed 100% resistancy of ampicillin-sulbactam, tetracyclin, ketoconazole, itraconazole, and terbinafine. Around 50% of E. coli and 57% of K. pneumonias isolates is MDR, and 75% of A. baumanii is XDR. Conclusion: Isolated microbes from urinary catheter of stroke patients at Bethesda Hospital is dominated by E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and A. baumanii. Some of the microbes could form strong biofilm, and some of the antibiotics could not be used in the future due to their 100% resistancy on all specimens.

scholarly journals Cross-sectional study on the prevalence of contagious pathogens in bulk tank milk and their effects on somatic cell counts and milk yield

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-74
Author(s):  
Alfonso Zecconi ◽  
Francesca dell’Orco ◽  
Nicoletta Rizzi ◽  
Diego Vairani ◽  
Micaela Cipolla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bulk Tank Milk ◽  
Somatic Cell Counts ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Bulk Tank

scholarly journals Association between non-traumatic vertebral fractures and adjacent discs degeneration: a cross-sectional study and literature review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norihiko Takegami ◽  
Koji Akeda ◽  
Koichiro Murata ◽  
Junichi Yamada ◽  
Akihiro Sudo
Keyword(s):  
Disc Degeneration ◽  
Vertebral Fractures ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adjacent Disc ◽  
Ivd Degeneration

Abstract BackgroundPrevious clinical studies reported that thoracolumbar vertebral fractures (VFs) associated with high energy spine trauma cause adjacent intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration; however, the effect of non-traumatic VFs on the progression of adjacent disc degeneration remains to be determined. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between non-traumatic VFs and degenerative changes of adjacent IVDs.Methods98 consecutive patients undergoing spinal surgery were included in this study. VFs were semi-quantitatively evaluated by lateral lumbar radiography. 588 vertebral bodies (from T12 to L5) and 486 discs (from T12/L1 to L4/L5) were analyzed. The degree of IVD degeneration was evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and classified into two groups according to Pfirrmann’s classification. Grades I, II and III were defined as the early stage of IVD degeneration and Grades IV and V as the advanced stage. Intradiscal vacuum phenomena (VPs) were evaluated by computed tomography. Adjacent IVDs were categorized according to the locations of VFs (superior, inferior, and bilateral). Associations between the presence of VFs and the extent of IVD degeneration or the presence of VPs were statistically analyzed.ResultsIVDs adjacent to VFs were identified in 115 IVDs (31.1% of total; superior: 11.4%, bilateral: 8.6%, inferior: 11.1%). The presence of VFs was significantly associated with MRI grades of adjacent IVD degeneration (P<0.01) and the prevalence of VPs within adjacent IVDs (P<0.01). From logistic regression analysis, age, disc level, and VFs were independent related factors for disc degeneration (P<0.05).ConclusionThis study showed that VFs were an independent related factor for adjacent disc degeneration and occurrence of intradiscal VPs. VFs may affect the micro-environment of adjacent IVDs, leading to disc degeneration and disc rupture.

scholarly journals Association between non-traumatic vertebral fractures and adjacent discs degeneration: a cross-sectional study and literature review

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Norihiko Takegami ◽  
Koji Akeda ◽  
Koichiro Murata ◽  
Junichi Yamada ◽  
Akihiro Sudo
Keyword(s):  
Disc Degeneration ◽  
Vertebral Fractures ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adjacent Disc ◽  
Ivd Degeneration

Abstract Background Previous clinical studies reported that thoracolumbar vertebral fractures (VFs) associated with high energy spine trauma cause adjacent intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration; however, the effect of non-traumatic VFs on the progression of adjacent disc degeneration remains to be determined. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between non-traumatic VFs and degenerative changes of adjacent IVDs. Methods Ninety-eight consecutive patients undergoing spinal surgery were included in this study. VFs were semi-quantitatively evaluated by lateral lumbar radiography. Five hundred eighty-eight vertebral bodies (from T12 to L5) and 486 discs (from T12/L1 to L4/L5) were analyzed. The degree of IVD degeneration was evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and classified into two groups according to Pfirrmann’s classification. Grades I, II and III were defined as the early stage of IVD degeneration and Grades IV and V as the advanced stage. Intradiscal vacuum phenomena (VPs) were evaluated by computed tomography. Adjacent IVDs were categorized according to the locations of VFs (superior, inferior, and bilateral). Associations between the presence of VFs and the extent of IVD degeneration or the presence of VPs were statistically analyzed. Results IVDs adjacent to VFs were identified in 115 IVDs (31.1% of total; superior: 11.4%, bilateral: 8.6%, inferior: 11.1%). The presence of VFs was significantly associated with MRI grades of adjacent IVD degeneration (P < 0.01) and the prevalence of VPs within adjacent IVDs (P < 0.01). From logistic regression analysis, age, disc level, and VFs were independent related factors for disc degeneration (P < 0.05). Conclusion This study showed that VFs were an independent related factor for adjacent disc degeneration and occurrence of intradiscal VPs. VFs may affect the micro-environment of adjacent IVDs, leading to disc degeneration and disc rupture.

scholarly journals Isolation, Identification and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Salmonella from Dairy Farms in Adama and Modjo Towns, Central Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bulk Tank Milk ◽  
Bulk Tank ◽  
Cattle Farms ◽  
Foodborne Infections

A cross-sectional study was carried out from February 2019 to May 2019 in Adama and Modjo aiming at isolating Salmonella from dairy cattle farms and determining the antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the isolates. A total of 117 samples from dairy farms: faces, bulk tank milk, personnel hand swab, and contaminated floor samples were collected and screened for the presence of Salmonella. Ten (8.5%) of the samples tested were found to be positive for Salmonella. Of 89 faces, 10 bulk tank milk, 9 personnel hand swab, and 9 contaminated floor samples, no positive was found in the milker’s hand swab samples from both Adama and Modjo areas and the isolation frequencies of Salmonella were 8.98%, 10%, and 11.1% in faces, bulk tank milk, and floor sample, respectively. The antibiogram testing revealed differential multi-drug resistance among Salmonella isolates in lactating cow and cows environment samples. Most of the isolates were resistant to methicillin, streptomycin, and nalidixic acid whereas sensitivity was recorded for gentamicin. In conclusion, the relatively high resistance among the bacteria present in dairy farms could pose public health and therapeutic problems to consumers as potential vehicles of resistant Salmonella foodborne infections.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Breastfeeding in 6-24 Month Children in South of Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 182-187
Author(s):  
Alireza Mirahmadizadeh ◽  
Soraya Zahmatkesh ◽  
Mohammad Sadegh Kashfinezhad ◽  
Fariba Moradi ◽  
Hadiseh Rabiei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cesarean Delivery ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Normal Vaginal Delivery ◽  
Fars Province ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Duration Of Breastfeeding

Background and aims: The World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations International Children’s Fund have recommended that breastfeeding be continued until two years of age or over. This study aimed to investigate the duration of breastfeeding and weaning in children aged 6-24 months in south of Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2017 on 1653 children aged 6-24 months in Fars province of Iran. A multi-stage sampling was used and the data were obtained using a questionnaire including questions about breastfeeding and some related factors, as well as demographic questions about the children and their parents. The required information was collected by visiting and interviewing those mothers who had children aged 6-24 months in their homes. Data were evaluated using SPSS software (version 20.0) and performing descriptive and analytical statistics such as independent samples t test and one-way ANOVA. Results: On average, the children were breastfed up to 18.64±7.40 months of age and the mean age of initiation of complementary feeding was 5.86±1.04 months. Breastfeeding was stopped for 35.6% of children at the age of 24 months and higher. Mothers having had a normal vaginal delivery had a longer lactation period than mothers who had had cesarean delivery (19.27 and 18.05 months, respectively) (P=0.021). Conclusion: A decrease was observed in the mean duration of breastfeeding in this study compared to that obtained in the previous studies, and this decrease was found to be associated with the increase in the occurrence of cesarean delivery in mothers. Therefore, it was recommended that further comprehensive investigations be carried out in this regard.

scholarly journals Association between non-traumatic vertebral fractures and adjacent discs degeneration: a cross-sectional study and literature review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norihiko Takegami ◽  
Koji Akeda ◽  
Koichiro Murata ◽  
Junichi Yamada ◽  
Akihiro Sudo
Keyword(s):  
Disc Degeneration ◽  
Vertebral Fractures ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adjacent Disc ◽  
Ivd Degeneration

Abstract BackgroundPrevious clinical studies reported that thoracolumbar vertebral fractures (VFs) associated with high energy spine trauma cause adjacent intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration; however, the effect of non-traumatic VFs on the progression of adjacent disc degeneration remains to be determined. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between non-traumatic VFs and degenerative changes of adjacent IVDs.Methods98 consecutive patients undergoing spinal surgery were included in this study. VFs were semi-quantitatively evaluated by lateral lumbar radiography. 588 vertebral bodies (from T12 to L5) and 486 discs (from T12/L1 to L4/L5) were analyzed. The degree of IVD degeneration was evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and classified into two groups according to Pfirrmann’s classification. Grades I, II and III were defined as the early stage of IVD degeneration and Grades IV and V as the advanced stage. Intradiscal vacuum phenomena (VPs) were evaluated by computed tomography. Adjacent IVDs were categorized according to the locations of VFs (superior, inferior, and bilateral). Associations between the presence of VFs and the extent of IVD degeneration or the presence of VPs were statistically analyzed.ResultsIVDs adjacent to VFs were identified in 115 IVDs (31.1% of total; superior: 11.4%, bilateral: 8.6%, inferior: 11.1%). The presence of VFs was significantly associated with MRI grades of adjacent IVD degeneration (P<0.01) and the prevalence of VPs within adjacent IVDs (P<0.01). From logistic regression analysis, age, disc level, and VFs were independent related factors for disc degeneration (P<0.05).ConclusionThis study showed that VFs were an independent related factor for adjacent disc degeneration and occurrence of intradiscal VPs. VFs may affect the micro-environment of adjacent IVDs, leading to disc degeneration and disc rupture.

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