scholarly journals Bioactive Compounds in Anti-Diabetic Plants: From Herbal Medicine to Modern Drug Discovery

Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ngan Tran ◽  
Bao Pham ◽  
Ly Le
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
World Health ◽  
Hypoglycemic Agents ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Insulin Production ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Health Organization

Natural products, including organisms (plants, animals, or microorganisms) have been shown to possess health benefits for animals and humans. According to the estimation of the World Health Organization, in developing countries, 80% of the population has still depended on traditional medicines or folk medicines which are mostly prepared from the plant for prevention or treatment diseases. Traditional medicine from plant extracts has proved to be more affordable, clinically effective and relatively less adverse effects than modern drugs. Literature shows that the attention on the application of phytochemical constituents of medicinal plants in the pharmaceutical industry has increased significantly. Plant-derived secondary metabolites are small molecules or macromolecules biosynthesized in plants including steroids, alkaloids, phenolic, lignans, carbohydrates and glycosides, etc. that possess a diversity of biological properties beneficial to humans, such as their antiallergic, anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic and antioxidant activities Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease result of metabolic disorders in pancreas β-cells that have hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia can be caused by a deficiency of insulin production by pancreatic (Type 1 diabetes mellitus) or insufficiency of insulin production in the face of insulin resistance (Type 2 diabetes mellitus). The current medications of diabetes mellitus focus on controlling and lowering blood glucose levels in the vessel to a normal level. However, most modern drugs have many side effects causing some serious medical problems during a period of treating. Therefore, traditional medicines have been used for a long time and play an important role as alternative medicines. Moreover, during the past few years, some of the new bioactive drugs isolated from plants showed antidiabetic activity with more efficacy than oral hypoglycemic agents used in clinical therapy. Traditional medicine performed a good clinical practice and is showing a bright future in the therapy of diabetes mellitus. World Health Organization has pointed out this prevention of diabetes and its complications is not only a major challenge for the future, but essential if health for all is to be attained. Therefore, this paper briefly reviews active compounds, and pharmacological effects of some popular plants which have been widely used in diabetic treatment. Morphological data from V-herb database of each species was also included for plant identification.

Medicinal Chemistry of Alternative Therapeutics: Novelty and Hopes with Genus Ammannia

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 784-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harish C. Upadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
World Health ◽  
Biologically Relevant ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Drug Molecules ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Pharmacologically Active ◽  
Herbal Formulations

The plants have formed the basis of folklore remedy since the beginning of human civilization. The cumulative human endeavor and experience over a period of thousands of years developed into well to organize traditional medicine systems viz. Ayurvedic, Unani, Chinese amongst others. Across the world, traditional medicine is either the mainstay of health care or serves as a complement to modern drugs. In view of worldwide use of traditional medicines, World Health Organization launched ‘WHO-Traditional Medicine Strategy 2014-2023’ for the development of strong policies regarding knowledge-base, safety, quality-control and effectiveness of traditional/alternative therapeutics for national health systems. Besides their use in traditional medicine, plants have always been a good source of modern drug/pharmacologically active molecules. More than half of the modern pharmaceuticals are either plant isolates or their derivatives. The plant-based drugs are not only effective, but have better compatibility with human biological systems because of more biologically relevant chemistry, hence lesser side effects. Some of the species of genus Ammannia (Lythraceae) have been reported for their magical medicinal values. Many herbal formulations containing Ammannia spp. have been patented for treatment of serious diseases/disorders like cancer, spinal disease, human female infertility, chronic tonsillitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, treatment of bladder stones, urinary tract infections, dermatitis etc. The uses of Ammannia spp. in traditional medicine have been further verified by the biological activities of their extracts as well as isolation of bioactive phytomolecules. The current review provides details about Ammannia spp.; its use in folklore remedy, herbal formulations, biological activities of extracts, isolation of bioactive phytomolecules and SAR study of semi-synthetic derivatives to analyze the possibility of new drug molecules of plant origin.

scholarly journals ALTERAÇÕES MORFOLÓGICAS NO TECIDO ÓSSEO EM ANIMAIS TREINADOS EM ESTEIRA MOTORIZADA

BIOMOTRIZ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-12
Author(s):  
Andreson Charles de Freitas Silva ◽  
Priscilla de Oliveira Mendonça Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Organization

De acordo com a World Health Organization, o Diabetes Mellitus é uma síndrome de etiologia múltipla, ocasionada pela falta de insulina ou por uma incapacidade da insulina de exercer de forma eficaz sua função. O exercício físico é definido como toda atividade física planejada e repetitiva que tem por objetivo a melhoria das funções do organismo. A prática de pelo menos 150 minutos semanais de atividade com intensidade moderada é recomendada para pacientes com diabetes mellitus. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a influência do exercício físico no tecido ósseo de ratos diabéticos submetidos ao treinamento em esteira motorizada. Foram utilizados 12 animais, divididos em dois grupos: Diabético Sedentário (DS) que não praticava nenhum exercício e Diabético treinado (DT) submetidos ao exercício físico em esteira durante 10 semanas duas vezes por dia, com 6h de repouso entre uma sessão e outra, 5 dias por semana. O diabetes foi induzido através de injeção intraperitoneal de estreptozotocina (60mg/Kg, S.C; Sigma ChemicalCo.) dissolvida em tampão de citrato, pH 4.5. Realizamos, neste estudo, a mensuração das tíbias de ratos diabéticos para verificar a possível participação do exercício físico no desenvolvimento ósseo desses animais. Como resultado, verificou-se que o exercício foi capaz de promover de forma significativa o aumento nos diâmetros da diáfise e epífise distal, bem como aumento no comprimento e peso das tíbias do grupo (DT) vs (DS) com p<0,05.

Quality of Life of Parents of Children with Type I Diabetes Mellitus, Baghdad 2017

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-114
Author(s):  
Sadik Jaafar Shukur ◽  
Wijdan Akram Hussein ◽  
Nazik L. Kadhum
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
World Health ◽  
Type I ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Social Domain ◽  
Chronic Hyperglycemia ◽  
Health Organization

Background: Diabetes is defined by the World Health Organization as a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Families are co-regulating systems in which the stresses and strains of one family member affect the well-being of another member of the family. Caregivers of children with chronic illness report experiencing more parental stress than parents of healthy children. Objective: A descriptive cross-sectional study had been conducted in four centers of endocrine diseases in Baghdad city and data was collected by using self-administered questionnaire regarding quality of life adapted from World Health Organization. The study was conducted on six hundred participants. Data analysis was done by using frequency, percentage and mean and analytical statistics using Chi Square test.  P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The study showed that social domain had the highest mean score of (51.1) and that environmental domain had the lowest mean score of (38.9). The physical domain’s mean score was (40.2), while mean score of psychological domain was (46.2). The study reported that mothers of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus were more affected than fathers in physical, psychological and environmental domains. There was no difference between mothers and fathers in social domain of quality of life. Conclusion: It was concluded from the study that parents of diabetic children had generally poor quality of life that merits further investigations.

Investigation of the physicochemical and pharmacognostical properties of Anzaroot (The manna of Astragalus sarcocola Dymock.) according to the World Health Organization

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 564-571
Author(s):  
Hadi Esmaeeli ◽  
Ali Davoodi ◽  
Masoud Azadbakht ◽  
Mohammad Azadbakht
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
World Health ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Therapeutic Properties ◽  
The Common ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Scientific Name

Background: Anzaroot is a manna produced from Astragalus sarcocola Dymock (Family Leguminosae) that is widely distributed in Fars, Kerman, Baluchestan and Hormozgan in Iran. Since the study of the physicochemical properties and quality control (QC) of herbal materials results in the validation and standardization for clinical uses, in accordance with World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, it is necessary to carry out for Anzaroot which has indication in traditional medicine. Methods: Anzaroot was identified and determinated scientific name by a systematic specialist after purchasing from Niak pharmaceutical co. in gorgan. Physicochemical and pharmacognostical properties of Anzaroot have been determinated According to the WHO guidlines. Results: Anzaroot is a very bitter, crisp and fragile manna and non-stick in dry state, which is seen as separate binary grains under the microscope. The moisture content, foreign matter, sucrose content, total ash and water-soluble ash were reported 5.25 ± 0.2, 2.8 ± 0.2, 12.09 ± 0.04, 9.8 ± 0.5 and 2.9±0.15, respectively. It has significant foaming index, 72% Solublity in water and less than 50% in 96% ethanol and not swelling index. The levels of lead, mercury and cadmium were 0.0006, 0.0002 and 0.0007 ppm and total flavonoid content was reported 18.61 μg/ml with respect to standard Quercetin at 415 nm. Conclusion: This study can be a novel idea for the discovery or development of pharmaceutical products based on Anzaroot of Iran and its diverse therapeutic properties, such as the common cold, contusion, and bone fracture in traditional medicine.

scholarly journals Pelatihan Teknik Suntik Insulin Pada Keluarga Penderita Diabetes Mellitus Di Dusun Pattiro Desa Paccelekang Kec.Pattalassang Kab.Gowa

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 1109-1116
Author(s):  
Sriwahyuni Sriwahyuni ◽  
Sri Darmawan
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Health Education ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Insulin Injection ◽  
World Health ◽  
Injection Technique ◽  
Sugar Levels ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Right

ABSTRAK Penyakit Diabetes merupakan salah satu penyakit degeneratif yang terkait langsung dengan gaya hidup atau life style, Menurut World Health Organization (WHO), pada tahun 2014, 8,5% dari orang dewasa berusia 18 tahun dan lebih tua menderita diabetes. Indonesia berdasarkan wawancara yang terdiagnosis dokter sebesar 1,5%, dan Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan pada tahun 2014, jumlah Kasus Diabetes Mellitus (282 penderita) terdiri atas Diabetes mellitus yang terlapor (207 penderita), Diabetes mellitus yang tidak terlapor (160 penderita) dan Diabetes mellitus bergantung insulin (72 penderita) Peran dari tenaga kesehatan dan orang terdekat yang sangat dianggap penting oleh penderita juga sangat mempengaruhi perilaku dalam mengontrol kadar gula darah penderita DM Tipe II, karena jika tidak ada dukungan dan motivasi dan health edukasi dari tenaga kesehatan  serta orang terdekat maka penderita cenderung tidak memperhatikan status kesehatannya. Kegiatan ini sasaran utama adalah keluarga penderita Diabetes Mellitus yang aktif melakukan suntik insulin yang ada di Dusun Pattiro Desa Paccelekang Kec.Pattalassang Kab.Gowa . Salah satu cara yang ditempuh sebelum dilakukan pelatihan adalah dengan melakukan pertemuan dan pendataan terlebih dahulu tentang warga yang memiliki riwayat aktif melakukan suntik insulin. Pelatihan teknik dan keterampilan melakukan suntik insulin yang tepat Daya serap para peserta terhadap materi kegiatan cukup baik, hal ini terlihat dari kemampuan masyarakat menjawab dan mempraktikan Teknik Suntik Insulin..Kata kunci : Health Edukasi, Pelatihan, Suntik Insulin, Diabetes Mellitus  ABSTRACT Diabetes is a degenerative disease that is directly related to lifestyle, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), in 2014, 8.5% of adults aged 18 years and older suffered from diabetes. Indonesia based on interviews with diagnosed doctors by 1.5%, and South Sulawesi Province in 2014, the number of Diabetes Mellitus Cases (282 patients) consisted of reported Diabetes Mellitus (207 cases), Unreported Diabetes Mellitus (160 cases), and Diabetes Insulin-dependent Mellitus (72 patients) The role of health workers and loved ones who are very important to sufferers also greatly affects behavior in controlling blood sugar levels for people with Type II diabetes, because if there is no support and motivation and health education from health workers and those closest to them then sufferers tend not to pay attention to their health status. This activity is the main target for families with Diabetes Mellitus who actively inject insulin in the Pattiro Hamlet, Paccelekang Village, Pattalassang District, Gowa Regency. One of the methods taken before training is to conduct meetings and collect data in advance about residents who have a history of actively injecting insulin. Training on techniques and skills for performing the right insulin injection The participants' absorption of the activity material was quite good, this can be seen from the community's ability to answer and practice the Insulin Injection Technique. Keywords: Health Education, Training, Insulin Injection, Diabetes                   Mellitus

scholarly journals BODY MASS INDEX DAN KAITANNYA DENGAN DIABETES MELITUS PADA UMUR > 15 TAHUN DI INDONESIA, STUDI DATA INDONESIAN FAMILY LIFE SURVEY V

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Purwo Setiyo Nugroho ◽  
Anisa Catur Wijayanti
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Family Life ◽  
World Health ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Indonesian Family Life Survey ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Diabetes Melitus

World Health Organization memprediksi bahwa jumlah penderita diabetes di Indonesia akan menduduki peringkat ke lima pada tahun 2025 dengan prediksi jumlah penderita sebanyak 12,4 jiwa. Indeks masa tubuh merupakan salah satu indikator obesitas dengan diabetes melitus pada penduduk Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kaitan obesitas dengan diabetes mellitus pada responden survei Indonesian Family Life Survey V. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analisis data sekunder Indonesian Family Life Survei V yang dilakukan dengan pendekatan Cross Sectional. Populasi pada penelitian ini sejumlah 48.139 responden, namun setelah data di cleaning dengan tujuan untuk menghapus data yang missing maka didapatkan jumlah responden sebanyak 30.133 dengan kelompok penelitian berdasarkan usia diatas 15 tahun. Hasil analisis Chisquare  menyatakan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara obesitas dengan diabetes melitus dengan nilai p value 0,000 dan nilai POR 3,377; CI 95% 2,602–4,383. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa obesitas memiliki peluang untuk terjadinya sakit diabetes melitus sebesar 3,377 kali dibandingkan dengan orang yang tidak menderita obesitas. Faktor obesitas merupakan salah satu faktor prediposisi untuk meningkatkan gula darah yang merupakan sebuah indikator diabetes melitus. Secara patologi hal ini dikarenakan se-sel beta pulau Langerhans menjadi kurang peka terhadap rangsangan akibat kadar gula darah dan kegemukan (obesitas) akan menekan jumlah reseptor insulin pada sel-sel seluruh tubuh.

scholarly journals Hubungan Motivasi dengan Efikasi Diri Pada Pasien Diabetes Mellitus di Klinik Diabetes Dharma Medan

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Muflih Ngadino
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
World Health ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Diabetes Melitus

Diabetes Mellitus adalah suatu gangguan metabolisme karbohidrat, protein dan lemak akibat dan ketidakseimbangan antara ketersediaan insulin dengan kebutuhan insulin. Menurut World Health Organization (WHO) memeperkirakan lebih dari 346 juta orang di seluruh dunia mengidap diabetes. WHO memprediksi kenaikan jumlah penyandang DM di Indonesia lebih dari 8,4 juta pada tahun 2000 menjadi 21,3 juta pada tahun 2030. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Hubungan Motivasi Dengan Efikasi Diri Pada Pasien Diabetes Mellitus Di Klinik Diabetes Dharma Medan. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian survei analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional dan menggunakan uji chi-square. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah pasien Diabetes Mellitus berjumlah 115 responden, sedangkan sampel yang digunakan adalah sampling aksidental dengan rumus slovin yaitu sebanyak 53 responden. Jenis data yang digunakan adalah data primer, data sekunder, dan data tertier, sedangkan analisa data yang digunakan yaitu analisa univariat dan analisa bivariat. Dari hasil penelitian ini dengan uji atatistik pearson chi-square, menunjukkan bahwa hasil P value sebesar 0,001. Dimana nilai tertentu lebih kecil dari nilai α sebesar 0,05, maka ada hubungan antara motivasi dengan efikasi diri pada pasien diabetes melitus di Klinik Diabetes Dharma Medan. Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa secara statistik ada hubungan yang signifikan antara motivasi dengan efikasi diri pada pasien diabetes mellitus di Klinik Diabetes Dharma Medan. Disarankan perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut tentang motivasi dengan efikasi diri pada pasien diabetes mellitus, dengan menggunakan lokasi penelitian dan metode penelitian yang berbeda

FAKTOR YANG BERPENGARUH TERHADAP KECEPATAN TERJADINYA KATARAK SENILIS DI RS. KHUSUS MATA PROVINSI SUMATERA SELATAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-146
Author(s):  
Imaniar Kesuma ◽  
Anang Triwibowo ◽  
Erial Bahar
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
World Health ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Diabetes Melitus

Katarak adalah setiap keadaan kekeruhan pada lensa yang dapat terjadi akibat hidrasi (penambahan cairan) lensa, denaturasi protein lensa atau terjadi akibat  kedua-duanya. Berdasarkan data World Health Organization (WHO), katarak dapat menyebabkan kebutaan pada lebih dari 17 juta penduduk di dunia. Faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi kecepatan berkembangnya kekeruhan lensa seperti diabetes melitus, hipertensi, obat tertentu, sinar ultra violet B dari cahaya matahari, efek racun dari merokok, alkohol, kurang vitamin E, dan radang menahun di dalam bola mata. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian analitik observasional dengan desain cross sectional. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Agustus sampai Desember tahun 2019 di RS. Khusus Mata Provinsi Sumatera Selatan dengan pengambilan sampel sebanyak 234 pasien dari rekam medik. Data diolah menggunakan SPSS. Dilakukan uji Chi-square untuk mengetahui hubungan faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap kecepatan terjadinya katarak senilis di RS. Khusus Mata Provinsi Sumatera Selatan. Dari 234 pasien, sebanyak 177 pasien (75,6%) menderita katarak senilis matur dan 57 pasien (24,4%) yang menderita katarak senilis imatur. Tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara katarak senilis dengan hipertensi (p=0,068; OR=1,084;95% CI=0,589-1,995). Tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara katarak senilis dengan diabetes mellitus (p=1.808;OR=1,876;95%CI=0,741-4,747). Tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara katarak senilis dengan jenis kelamin (p=0,51;OR=0,933;95% CI=0,514-1,696). Tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara katarak senilis dengan usia (p=0,784;OR=1,319;95% CI;0,714-2,437). Tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara katarak senilis dan jenis kelamin. Tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara katarak senilis dan usia.Tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara katarak senilis dan hipertensi. Tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara katarak senilis dan diabetes melitus.

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