scholarly journals Comparison of Fatty Acid Contents in Major Lipid Classes of Seven Salmonid Species from Siberian Arctic Lakes

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadezhda N. Sushchik ◽  
Olesia N. Makhutova ◽  
Anastasia E. Rudchenko ◽  
Larisa A. Glushchenko ◽  
Svetlana P. Shulepina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Arctic Lakes ◽  
Lipid Classes ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Intrinsic Factors ◽  
Siberian Arctic ◽  
Similar Content ◽  
Valuable Compounds

Long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) essential for human nutrition are mostly obtained from wild-caught fish. To sustain the LC-PUFA supply from natural populations, one needs to know how environmental and intrinsic factors affect fish fatty acid (FA) profiles and contents. We studied seven Salmoniformes species from two arctic lakes. We aimed to estimate differences in the FA composition of total lipids and two major lipid classes, polar lipids (PL) and triacylglycerols (TAG), among the species and to evaluate LC-PUFA contents corresponding to PL and TAG in muscles. Fatty acid profiles of PL and TAG in all species were characterized by the prevalence of omega-3 LC-PUFA and C16-C18 monoenoic FA, respectively. Fish with similar feeding spectra were identified similarly in multivariate analyses of total lipids, TAG and PL, due to differences in levels of mostly the same FA. Thus, the suitability of both TAG and total lipids for the identification of the feeding spectra of fish was confirmed. All species had similar content of LC-PUFA esterified as PL, 1.9–3.5 mg g−1, while the content of the TAG form strongly varied, from 0.9 to 9.8 mg g−1. The LC-PUFA-rich fish species accumulated these valuable compounds predominately in the TAG form.

Fatty Acid Distributions as Related to Adult Age, Sex and Diet in the Phytophagous Heteropteran, Lygus hesperus (Heteroptera: Miridae)2

1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen C. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Class ◽  
Lipid Classes ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Lygus Hesperus ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Abundant Fatty Acid ◽  
Age And Sex

The phytophagous heteropteran, Lygus hesperus Knight was analyzed to determine the distribution of fatty acids among lipid classes in laboratory-reared adults (newly eclosed and 5 day-post eclosion) and in field-collected adults. Profiles of lipid classes varied with source of the insect (field vs. diet-reared), age and sex. Total lipids (% dry wt.) ranged from 5.3 to 30.3% in field-collected males and 5 day-post eclosion diet reared females, respectively. Except for field males the predominant lipid class was triacylglycerols (up to 90% of the total lipids) with phospholipids generally the second most abundant lipid class. The most abundant fatty acid in all classes and all treatments was oleic acid (C18:l ω 9). There were significant differences between the field collected vs. diet-reared insects with respect to concentrations of linolenic acid (C18:3 ω 3), with this polyunsaturated fatty acid being much more abundant in field-collected insects than in diet-reared ones.

scholarly journals Quantification and Distribution of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in South Pacific Fish and Shellfish Species

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 233
Author(s):  
Miguel Ángel Rincón-Cervera ◽  
Valeria González-Barriga ◽  
Jaime Romero ◽  
Rodrigo Rojas ◽  
Sandra López-Arana
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
South Pacific ◽  
Polar Lipids ◽  
Lipid Classes ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Sea Squirt ◽  
Epa And Dha ◽  
Fish And Shellfish

Fatty acid composition and distribution in edible species of fish and shellfish captured in the South Pacific were studied, with a focus on n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFA). Fatty acids were quantified using gas-chromatography coupled with flame ionization detection (GC-FID), and the distribution of different fatty acids within lipid classes (neutral and polar lipids) was achieved after oil extraction using the Folch method and separation of lipid classes via solid-phase extraction for further GC-FID analysis. Red cusk-eel was the fish species with the lowest content of both EPA and DHA (40.8 and 74.4 mg/100 g, respectively) whereas mackerel contained the highest amount (414.7 and 956.0 mg/100 g for EPA and DHA, respectively). Sea squirt was the shellfish species with the highest content of EPA and DHA (375.0 and 165.7 mg/100 g, respectively) whereas the lowest amount of EPA + DHA was found in Chilean abalone (63.6 mg/100 g). PUFA were mostly found in neutral or polar lipids depending on the studied species. Indexes used to discuss the nutritional quality of lipids (PUFA/SFA, n-6/n-3 ratio and the hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic fatty acid index) were calculated and reported in the manuscript. This information provides a novel nutritional insight which may be useful to help nutritionists and other health professionals give more accurate counseling for the population to reach the recommended daily intakes of EPA and DHA.

scholarly journals Assessment of Fatty Acids Profile and Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Production by the Oleaginous Marine Thraustochytrid Aurantiochytrium sp. T66 Cultivated on Volatile Fatty Acids

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alok Patel ◽  
Ulrika Rova ◽  
Paul Christakopoulos ◽  
Leonidas Matsakas
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Fatty Acid Production

Thraustochytrids are considered natural producers of omega-3 fatty acids as they can synthesize up to 70% docosahexaenoic acids (DHA) of total lipids. However, commercial and sustainable production of microbial DHA is limited by elevated cost of carbon substrates for thraustochytrids cultivation. This problem can be addressed by utilizing low-cost renewable substrates. In the present study, growth, lipid accumulation and fatty acid profiles of the marine thraustochytrid Aurantiochytrium sp. T66 (ATCC-PRA-276) cultivated on volatile fatty acids (C1, formic acid; C2, acetic acid; C3, propionic acid; C4, butyric acid; C5, valeric acid and C6, caproic acid) and glucose as control were evaluated for the first time. This strain showed an inability to utilize C3, C5 and C6 as a substrate when provided at >2 g/L, while efficiently utilizing C2 and C4 up to 40 g/L. The highest cell dry weight (12.35 g/L) and total lipid concentration (6.59 g/L) were attained when this strain was cultivated on 40 g/L of butyric acid, followed by cultivation on glucose (11.87 g/L and 5.34 g/L, respectively) and acetic acid (8.70 g/L and 3.43 g/L, respectively). With 40 g/L butyric acid, the maximum docosahexaenoic acid content was 2.81 g/L, corresponding to 42.63% w/w of total lipids and a yield of 0.23 g/gcell dry weight (CDW). This marine oleaginous microorganism showed an elevated potential for polyunsaturated fatty acids production at higher acetic and butyric acid concentrations than previously reported. Moreover, fluorescence microscopy revealed that growth on butyric acid caused cell size to increase to 45 µm, one of the largest values reported for oleaginous microorganisms, as well as the presence of numerous tiny lipid droplets.

scholarly journals Can Fish and Shellfish Species from the Black Sea Supply Health Beneficial Amounts of Bioactive Fatty Acids?

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1661
Author(s):  
Albena Merdzhanova ◽  
Veselina Panayotova ◽  
Diana A. Dobreva ◽  
Katya Peycheva
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Fish And Shellfish

Fatty acids (FA) are among the most important natural biologically active compounds. A healthy diet involves the intake of different fatty acids especially from omega-3 (n-3) series. Seafood provides a very good source of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), but in Bulgaria there is limited information regarding the n-3 PUFA contents in traditionally consumed seafood by the population. The aims of this study were to determine lipid content, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (EPA and DHA), and the recommended daily intake of eleven fish species, three bivalves, rapana, and shrimp harvested in the Western part of Black Sea, Bulgaria. Total lipids were extracted according to the method of Blight and Dyer and fatty acid composition was analyzed by GC/MS. Fatty acid profile showed differences among species. PUFA were found in high content among total lipids, especially in shellfish (60.67–68.9% of total lipids) compared to fish species (19.27–34.86% of total lipids). EPA was found in higher amounts in rapana (0.16 g/100 g ww) and two of pelagic species (up to 0.29 g/100 g ww), whereas DHA prevailed in demersal and the most of pelagic fish (0.16–1.92 g/100 g ww) and bivalves (0.16–1.92 g/100 g ww). The health beneficial n3/n6 and PUFA/SFA ratios were found in all analyzed species. The lower values of the lipid nutritional quality indices (AI < 1, TI < 1) and higher for h/H index (0.8–1.78 for fish and 1.52 to 4.67 for bivalves and shrimp) confirm that the commonly consumed Black Sea fish and shellfish may provide health benefits for local populations. This study shows the seafood amounts that can provide the minimum recommended intake of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids.

scholarly journals Proximate composition, lipid quality and heavy metals content in the muscle of two carp species

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 358-369
Author(s):  
A. Merdzhanova ◽  
V. Panayotova ◽  
D.A. Dobreva ◽  
K. Peycheva
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Common Carp ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Lipid Classes ◽  
Bighead Carp ◽  
Omega 3

Abstract. The aim of the presented study was to characterize the quality of edible tissue of freshwater common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis), based on their proximate and lipid composition (lipid classes, fatty acid profile, fat soluble vitamins, carotenoids and cholesterol). Health risk assessment was evaluated based on the analysis of some toxic elements (As, Cd, Ni, Pb and total Hg). Proximate composition (moisture, crude protein and total lipid) was determined using standard procedures. Lipids were subsequently separated into neutral (NL) and polar lipids: Phospho- (PL) and Glycolipids (GL) by means of column and thin-layer chromatography. Lipid classes were derivatized into fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) which were analysed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Vitamins A, D3 and E, beta-carotene, astaxanthin and cholesterol were analysed simultaneously using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Heavy metals (As, Pb, Cd, Hg and Ni) were determined by optical emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP-OES) following a microwave digestion procedure. Protein content was higher in bighead carp (18.5%) and lower for common carp (15.5%), whereas lipid content showed opposite trend. Similarities in lipid classes distribution were observed for both species: NL>GL>PL. Neutral lipids constituted approximately 70% of TL in both species, as FAs profile was dominated by monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), whereas polyunsaturated FAs (PUFA) prevailed in polar fractions. Omega-3 PUFAs were higher in all lipid classes compared to omega-6 PUFAs. Cholesterol content was low (17-24 mg.100-1g ww). Astaxanthin was detected only in bighead carp, whereas beta-carotene, vitamin D3 and vitamin A showed similar concentrations in both samples. Vitamin E content was higher in bighead carp (10.4 mg.100 g-1 w.w.). Trace elements content was higher in bighead carp showing a maximum value of As (0.312 mg.kg-1 w.w). All determined toxic elements were found below the recommended value in carp muscle. The results of the present study confirmed the high quality and safety of common carp and bighead carp meat. These freshwater species are valuable sources of essential nutrients such as proteins, vitamin D3 and long chain omega-3 PUFAs. Together with the nutrients, the information for low concentrations of toxic elements makes them valuable components of a healthy human diet.

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