Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) Protein Hydrolysates Promote Anti-Inflammatory Response in Primary Human Monocytes

Hemp seeds have a wide variety of chemical compounds which present biological activity. Specifically, the focus on proteins and bioactive peptides are increasing as alternative sources of nutraceutical uses. In the literature, hemp protein products (HPPs) have reported antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to determine the inflammation-related modulatory effects of HPPs on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated primary human monocytes. CD14+ cells were immunomagnetically isolated from buffy coats and the anti-inflammatory activity of hemp protein isolate (HPI) and hydrolysates (HPHs) was evaluated on LPS-stimulated human primary monocytes. The specific markers of inflammation, polarization, and chemoattraction were measured by RT-qPCR and ELISA assays. Our results showed that HPPs decreased the pro-inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) and increased the anti-inflammatory mediators (IL-10 and IL-4). In addition, M1 polarization marker gene expression (CCR7 and iNOS) was downregulated by HPPs and, M2 polarization marker gene expression (CD200R and MRC1) was upregulated. Finally, the mRNA expression of chemotaxis genes (CCR2 and CCL2) was downregulated by HPPs. In conclusion, this study suggests that HPPs may improve chronic inflammatory states and promote regenerative processes by reprogramming monocytes toward M2 polarization phenotype.

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CREB pathway links PGE2 signaling with macrophage polarization

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.1519644112 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 112 (51) ◽

pp. 15642-15647 ◽

Cited By ~ 94

Author(s):

Bing Luan ◽

Young-Sil Yoon ◽

John Le Lay ◽

Klaus H. Kaestner ◽

Susan Hedrick ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Insulin Resistance ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Immune System ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Innate Immune System ◽

Marker Gene ◽

Innate Immune ◽

M2 Polarization ◽

Marker Gene Expression

Obesity is thought to promote insulin resistance in part via activation of the innate immune system. Increases in proinflammatory cytokine production by M1 macrophages inhibit insulin signaling in white adipose tissue. In contrast, M2 macrophages have been found to enhance insulin sensitivity in part by reducing adipose tissue inflammation. The paracrine hormone prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) enhances M2 polarization in part through activation of the cAMP pathway, although the underlying mechanism is unclear. Here we show that PGE2 stimulates M2 polarization via the cyclic AMP-responsive element binding (CREB)-mediated induction of Krupple-like factor 4 (KLF4). Targeted disruption of CREB or the cAMP-regulated transcriptional coactivators 2 and 3 (CRTC2/3) in macrophages down-regulated M2 marker gene expression and promoted insulin resistance in the context of high-fat diet feeding. As re-expression of KLF4 rescued M2 marker gene expression in CREB-depleted cells, our results demonstrate the importance of the CREB/CRTC pathway in maintaining insulin sensitivity in white adipose tissue via its effects on the innate immune system.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Long-term stability of marker gene expression in Prunus subhirtella: a model fruit tree species.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.1058806.510735 ◽

2007 ◽

Author(s):

Niklaus Ammann

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Tree Species ◽

Marker Gene ◽

Fruit Tree ◽

Term Stability ◽

Long Term Stability ◽

Marker Gene Expression

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Eosinophil Granular Protein(s) Modulate Tumor Metastasis Marker Gene Expression

10.21236/ada473779 ◽

2007 ◽

Author(s):

Paulette Furbert-Harris

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Tumor Metastasis ◽

Marker Gene ◽

Protein S ◽

Marker Gene Expression

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Comparative Analysis of Cartilage Marker Gene Expression Patterns during Axolotl and Xenopus Limb Regeneration

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0133375 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. e0133375 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Kazumasa Mitogawa ◽

Aki Makanae ◽

Ayano Satoh ◽

Akira Satoh

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Comparative Analysis ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Marker Gene ◽

Limb Regeneration ◽

Gene Expression Patterns ◽

Marker Gene Expression

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High glucose-associated osmolality promotes adipocytogenic differentiation of primary rat osteoblasts in a protein kinase A and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt-dependent manner

Biologia ◽

10.1515/biolog-2015-0156 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 70 (10) ◽

Author(s):

Yu Zhang ◽

Pu Feng ◽

Jianhong Yang

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Protein Kinase ◽

Protein Kinase A ◽

Real Time ◽

High Glucose ◽

Marker Gene ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Phosphatidylinositol 3 Kinase ◽

Marker Gene Expression ◽

Kinase A

AbstractIncreased risk of osteoporosis in patients with diabetes mellitus may be related to hyperglycemia. However, the potential mechanisms accounting for diabetic bone disorder remain unresolved. The present study investigated the effects of high glucose-associated osmolality on differentiation of primary rat calvarial osteoblasts. Osteoblastogenic differentiation was determined by bone nodule staining for mineralization assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for type I collagen production and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for osteoblastogenic marker gene expression. Adipocytogenic differentiation was assessed by oil red O staining for lipid accumulation and real-time PCR for adipocytogenic marker gene expression. The phosphorylations of protein kinase A (PKA) and Akt were measured with or without specific inhibitors to confirm osmolality involved signalling pathways. The results showed that high glucose-associated osmolality significantly promoted adipocytogenic differentiation, manifested by increased lipid droplet formation and gene expression of adipocytogenic markers including adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (aP2), adipsin and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). Meanwhile, high glucose-associated osmolality inhibited osteoblastogenic differentiation, characterized by decreased collagen I protein production and cell mineralization, as well as gene expression of osteoblastogenic markers including collagen I, osteocalcin and runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2). More importantly, we demonstrated for the first time that high glucose-associated osmolality induced adipocytogenic differentiation and suppressed osteoblastogenic differentiation in a PKA and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt-dependent manner. These results indicated that osmolality was involved in high glucose-induced osteoblast trans-differentiation into adipocyte-like cell and suppression of cellular osmolality could provide novel therapeutic approach for diabetic osteopenia.

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Widespread and efficient marker gene expression in the airway epithelia of fetal sheep after minimally invasive tracheal application of recombinant adenovirus in utero

Gene Therapy ◽

10.1038/sj.gt.3302130 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 70-78 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

D Peebles ◽

LG Gregory ◽

A David ◽

M Themis ◽

SN Waddington ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Minimally Invasive ◽

Recombinant Adenovirus ◽

Marker Gene ◽

In Utero ◽

Fetal Sheep ◽

Airway Epithelia ◽

Marker Gene Expression

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Asymmetric Interaction between Aphis spiraecola and Toxoptera citricida on Sweet Orange Induced by Pre-Infestation

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects11070414 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 414

Author(s):

Jing Gao ◽

Steve Arthurs ◽

Runqian Mao

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Survival Rate ◽

Sweet Orange ◽

Marker Gene ◽

Phloem Sap ◽

Adult Weight ◽

Marker Gene Expression ◽

Aphis Spiraecola ◽

Toxoptera Citricida

Indirect interactions between herbivorous insects that share the same host have been focused on insects feeding on herbaceous plants, while few studies investigate similar interactions on woody plants. We investigated performance and feeding behavior of two citrus aphids, Aphis spiraecola Patch and Toxoptera citricida Kirkaldy, on sweet orange as affected by prior infestation of conspecifics and heterospecifics. Results showed that pre-infestation-induced interactions between A. spiraecola and T. citricida were asymmetric, with A. spiraecola gaining more fitness. In detail, pre-infestation by A. spiraecola decreased adult weight, enhanced survival rate and accelerated phloem sap acceptance of conspecifics. However, A. spiraecola pre-infestation did not affect performance or feeding behavior of T. citricida. In another infestation sequence, the pre-infestation of T. citricida did not affect conspecifics, but positively affected heterospecifics, indicated as a decreased pre-reproductive period, enhanced survival rate, adult weight, fecundity, and feeding efficiency, i.e., faster access and acceptance of phloem sap, and longer phloem sap ingestion duration. Furthermore, we found A. spiraecola pre-infestation enhanced amino acid concentration, amino acid to sugar ratio, activated salicylic acid and jasmonic acid marker gene expression, while T. citricida pre-infestation only depressed jasmonic acid marker gene expression. Changes in nutrient and phytohormone-dependent defense probably underlie the asymmetric effect.

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Ret isoform function and marker gene expression in the enteric nervous system is conserved across diverse vertebrate species

Mechanisms of Development ◽

10.1016/j.mod.2008.04.006 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 125 (8) ◽

pp. 687-699 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

Tiffany A. Heanue ◽

Vassilis Pachnis

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Nervous System ◽

Enteric Nervous System ◽

Marker Gene ◽

Vertebrate Species ◽

Marker Gene Expression

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miR-539 mediates osteoblast mineralization by regulating Distal-less genes 2 in MC3T3-E1 cell line

Open Life Sciences ◽

10.1515/biol-2017-0034 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 294-299 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jianguo Han ◽

Li Su ◽

Chunyang Zhang ◽

Rongcai Jiang

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Alkaline Phosphatase ◽

Cell Line ◽

Osteoblast Differentiation ◽

Marker Gene ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Negative Regulator ◽

Expression Level ◽

Matrix Mineralization ◽

Marker Gene Expression

AbstractmicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in osteoblast differentiation. However, the mechanisms of miRNAs regulating osteoblast mineralization still needs to be further cleared. Distal-less genes 2 (Dlx2) plays an important role in osteoblast differentiation. We have found that miR-539 was significantly downregulated and Dlx2 was found to be inversely correlated with miR-539 in MC3T3-E1 cell line during osteoblast mineralization. The overexpression of miR-539 significantly decreased the expression level of Dlx2 and suppressed the osteogenic marker gene expression level, alkaline phosphatase activity and matrix mineralization. Our study showed that miR-539 was a negative regulator in osteoblast mineralization and that the targeting of Dlx2 gene partly contributes to this inhibitory effect exerted by miR-539.

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