scholarly journals Neuropathological Changes in the Brains of Suicide Killers

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1674
Author(s):  
Tomasz Stępień ◽  
Janusz Heitzman ◽  
Teresa Wierzba-Bobrowicz ◽  
Paweł Gosek ◽  
Paweł Krajewski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental State ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Amyloid Plaques ◽  
Young Age ◽  
Emotional Factors ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Immunohistochemical Methods ◽  
Diffuse Plaques

Background: Homicide combined with subsequent suicide of the perpetrator is a particular form of interpersonal violence and, at the same time, a manifestation of extreme aggression directed against oneself. Despite the relatively well-described individual acts of homicide and suicide, both in terms of psychopathology and law, acts of homicide and subsequent suicide committed by the same person are not well-studied phenomena. The importance of emotional factors, including the influence of mental state deviations (psychopathology), on this phenomenon, is discussed in the literature, but still there is relatively little data with which to attempt neuropathological assessments of the brains of suicide killers. This paper is dedicated to the issue based on the neuropathological studies performed. Methods: We analyzed a group of murder–suicides using histochemical and immunohistochemical methods. Results: The results of our research indicate the presence of neurodegenerative changes including multiple deposits of ß-amyloid in the form of senile/amyloid plaques and perivascular diffuse plaques. Conclusions: Neurodegenerative changes found in the analyzed brains of suicide killers may provide an interesting starting point for a number of analyses. The presence of neurodegenerative changes at such a young age in some murderers may suggest preclinical lesions that affect cognitive functions and are associated with depressed moods.

scholarly journals Interpersonal violence and mental health: a social justice framework to advance research and practice

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.A. Tol
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Justice ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Global Mental Health ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Special Series ◽  
Conceptual Clarity ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Social Justice Theory

Abstract This editorial paper accompanies a special series in the journal Global Mental Health focused on the topic of interpersonal violence and mental health. This series included 24 papers reporting on data from 31 countries, published between 2017 and 2019. This accompanying paper provides a short summary of findings in the special series and reflects on next steps in research and practice. Collectively, the series’ 24 papers suggest intricate bi-directional relationships between interpersonal violence and mental health, situated in particular contexts and varying across the life course. In order to study this complexity, an overarching theoretical framework is critical. This paper takes the social justice theory developed by Powers and Faden (2006, 2019) as a starting point. It is argued that application of this social justice framework will be helpful to: strengthen conceptual clarity; provide a sense of direction for research and practice in the area of interpersonal violence and mental health; assist in conducting more fine grained analyses of contextually determined processes of disadvantage; and help situate disciplinary specific research and practice questions in their broader context, thereby strengthening multi-disciplinary research and multi-sectoral policy and programming efforts.

scholarly journals Dueling, Conflicting Masculinities, and the Victorian Gentleman

2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 605-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margery Masterson
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Multifaceted Approach ◽  
Multiple Modes ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Modern Britain ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThis article takes an unexplored popular debate from the 1860s over the role of dueling in regulating gentlemanly conduct as the starting point to examine the relationship between elite Victorian masculinities and interpersonal violence. In the absence of a meaningful replacement for dueling and other ritualized acts meant to defend personal honor, multiple modes of often conflicting masculinities became available to genteel men in the middle of the nineteenth century. Considering the security fears of the period––European and imperial, real and imagined––the article illustrates how pacific and martial masculine identities coexisted in a shifting and uneasy balance. The professional character of the enlarging gentlemanly classes and the increased importance of men's domestic identities––trends often aligned with hegemonic masculinity––played an ambivalent role in popular attitudes to interpersonal violence. The cultural history of dueling can thus inform a multifaceted approach toward gender, class, and violence in modern Britain.

Consumption

Sociology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Woodward
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Change ◽  
Cultural Learning ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Emotional Factors ◽  
Sociological Inquiry ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Sociology Of Consumption ◽  
Selection Of

A rudimentary definition of consumption emphasizes the purchase and use of goods or services, noting that the point of expenditure on such items and the instant of their usage constitute the act of consumption. This understanding of consumption reflects a utilitarian, economic approach to consumption that should be seen as a starting point, since the range of theoretical and empirical innovations within the field of consumption studies—which exists within sociology, as well as having disciplinary expressions within anthropology, history, geography, business, and marketing studies—has established an understanding of consumption as a complex, widespread process. “The Sociology of Consumption” by Colin Campbell in Daniel Miller, ed., Acknowledging Consumption: A Review of New Studies (London: Routledge, 1995) adds a number of other stages to this basic definition of consumption. Campbell states that consumption involves not just purchasing or using a good or service but also selecting it, maintaining it, possibly repairing it, and ultimately, disposing of it in some way. Within each of these stages there are a number of complex subprocesses that consumption studies scholars have increasingly paid attention to. For example, the selection of goods is sometimes undertaken largely subconsciously or automatically but also based upon various social norms, cultural learning, emotional factors, prejudices, facets of identity, taste, or style. Likewise, disposing of a good may mean literally throwing it away, or it may mean reselling it, donating it, or passing it on to others. Campbell’s definition usefully shows how consumption is a process over time that fuses practical, emotional, material, and economic factors, rather than merely the moment when a person pays for something over the counter. In many ways, this broader understanding of consumption points to a range of innovations within the field that have occurred in the last few decades, which in turn direct us to broader changes in patterns of sociological inquiry. Questions of labor, industry, production units, social, legal, and economic institutions, technology, and social class were the core stuff of social inquiry through much of the 20th century. In mainstream sociology, consumption was for most of the discipline’s history simply not a relevant analytic category, which explains why for much of sociology’s history consumption was understood through theories of capitalist production. However, in the last few decades researchers have increasingly situated practices of consumption and a consumerist ethic as central for understanding broader social and cultural change, impacting on the way sociologists have conceptualized such diverse areas of social change as cultural and economic inequality, urban and spatial development, identity and selfhood, gender relations and performativity, media, and advertising.

scholarly journals Cannabis use and cognitive functions in at-risk mental state and first episode psychosis

2013 ◽  
Vol 230 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Bugra ◽  
E. Studerus ◽  
C. Rapp ◽  
C. Tamagni ◽  
J. Aston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Episode Psychosis ◽  
At Risk Mental State

scholarly journals The role of cognitive functions in the dynamics of work accidents

2022 ◽  
Vol 354 ◽  
pp. 00019
Author(s):  
Daniel George Tanasievici ◽  
Gabriela Caldarescu ◽  
Constantin Baciu ◽  
Elena Matcovschi
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Causal Chain ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Work System ◽  
Cognitive Ergonomics ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Work Accident ◽  
Work Accidents

This paper brings to the fore the need to study the causality of work accidents starting from the hypothesis that the causes must be identified immediately, respectively the dysfunctions of the work system, which contribute to their occurrence. So, in the causal chain of the work accident, the last link is the “meeting” between the victim and the material agent who injures her, and often the factors of the work system, which are potential causes of injury, are specific to the worker and represent an error inappropriate behaviour in terms of occupational safety, in the form of wrongdoing or omissions. In this regard, cognitive ergonomics is still an untapped area, although it can make significant contributions to improving work performance and creating safe and healthy working environments in industry. Cognitive functions are relevant when we talk about 4 essential skills of the worker, respectively: sensation and perception, attention, short and long term memory. The paper brings more information for the scientific community because the analysis highlights the link between the cognitive functions of workers and the errors generated by them in the dynamics of a work accident, and can also be a starting point for new research.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between the Recovery of Balance and Cognitive Functions During Physiotherapy in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (77) ◽  
pp. 174-182
Author(s):  
E. Lendraitienė ◽  
U. Buraitytė ◽  
D. Petruševičienė ◽  
L. Varžaitytė
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Motor Functions ◽  
Balance Scale ◽  
Severe Tbi ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
State Examination

Background. There is growing evidence that cognitive and motor functions after traumatic brain injury (TBI) are actually related. However, we failed to find any concrete evidence proving the interrelationship between balance and cognitive functions therefore the effects of TBI on cognitive and motor functions remain not fully evaluated. Objective. The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between the recovery of balance and cognitive functions during physiotherapy in patients with TBI. The methods of the study. The study included 25 individuals who had sustained TBI. The subjects were distributed into two groups: Group 1 consisted of 15 subjects with moderate TBI, and Group 2 – of 10 subjects with severe TBI. The cognitive functions were evaluated using the Mini Mental State Examination, the level of cognitive functioning (consciousness) was evaluated using the Rancho Los Amigos scale, and balance was assessed with the help of the Fullerton Advanced Balance Scale. Results and conclusions. After physiotherapy, improvement was observed in the balance of subjects with moderate and severe TBI. Physiotherapy improved cognitive functions in subjects with moderate and severe TBI. The search for correlations between individual items of the Fullerton Advanced Balance Scale and Mini Mental State Examination revealed relationship between some items in both groups.

scholarly journals Cerebrovascular disorders and autonomic dystonia syndrome in children (adolescents) and young patients. Clinical diagnostic therapy algorithms

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (24) ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
M. F. Abramova ◽  
I. A. Stepanova ◽  
K. V. Abramov ◽  
T. N. Kazykina ◽  
T. M. Vasilyeva
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Cerebrovascular Disorders ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Young Age ◽  
Panic Attacks ◽  
Vasoactive Drugs ◽  
Vegetative Nervous System ◽  
Ultrasonic Methods ◽  
Complex Therapy

The expressed disturbances of a cerebral hemodynamics (mainly venous) at patients of teenage and young age lead to disturbances of the vegetative nervous system (before the panic attacks), and then to decrease of cognitive functions, and to development of asthenic states. We offered options of complex therapy within 2 months under control of the ultrasonic methods (ultrasonic transcranial dopplerography). Appointment of vasoactive drugs and also drugs with nootropic action is necessary.

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