scholarly journals Brassinosteroids in Plants: Crosstalk with Small-Molecule Compounds

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1800
Author(s):  
Dongliang Hu ◽  
Lijuan Wei ◽  
Weibiao Liao
Keyword(s):  
Small Molecule ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Plant Hormone ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Adventitious Rooting ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
Stress Damage ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Brassinosteroids (BRs) are known as the sixth type of plant hormone participating in various physiological and biochemical activities and play an irreplaceable role in plants. Small-molecule compounds (SMCs) such as nitric oxide (NO), ethylene, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are involved in plant growth and development as signaling messengers. Recently, the involvement of SMCs in BR-mediated growth and stress responses is gradually being discovered in plants, including seed germination, adventitious rooting, stem elongation, fruit ripening, and stress responses. The crosstalk between BRs and SMCs promotes plant development and alleviates stress damage by modulating the antioxidant system, photosynthetic capacity, and carbohydrate metabolism, as well as osmotic adjustment. In the present review, we try to explain the function of BRs and SMCs and their crosstalk in the growth, development, and stress resistance of plants.

Function of hydroxycinnamoyl spermidines in seedling growth of Arabidopsis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ikuo Takahashi ◽  
Tsuyoshi Ota ◽  
Tadao Asami
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Plant Hormone ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Hydroxycinnamic Acid ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Hydroxycinnamic Acid Amides ◽  
Primary Root Growth ◽  
Hormone Homeostasis

Abstract Hydroxycinnamic acid amides (HCAAs) are involved in various developmental processes as well as in biotic and abiotic stress responses. Among them, the presence of spermidine derivatives, such as N1,N8-di(coumaroyl)-spermidine and N1,N8-di(sinapoyl)-spermidine, and their biosynthetic genes have been reported in Arabidopsis, but their functions in plants are still unknown. We chemically synthesized the above mentioned spermidine derivatives to assess their physiological functions in Arabidopsis. We evaluated the growth and development of chemically treated Arabidopsis and demonstrated that these compounds inhibited seed germination, hypocotyl elongation, and primary root growth, which could be due to modulation of plant hormone homeostasis and signaling. The results suggest that these compounds are regulatory metabolites that modulate plant growth and development.

scholarly journals Cytokinin at the Crossroads of Abiotic Stress Signalling Pathways

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 2450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Pavlů ◽  
Jan Novák ◽  
Vladěna Koukalová ◽  
Markéta Luklová ◽  
Břetislav Brzobohatý ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Plant Hormone ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Signalling Pathways ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Development Processes ◽  
Stress Related Genes ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus ◽  
Diverse Plant

Cytokinin is a multifaceted plant hormone that plays major roles not only in diverse plant growth and development processes, but also stress responses. We summarize knowledge of the roles of its metabolism, transport, and signalling in responses to changes in levels of both macronutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulphur) and micronutrients (boron, iron, silicon, selenium). We comment on cytokinin’s effects on plants’ xenobiotic resistance, and its interactions with light, temperature, drought, and salinity signals. Further, we have compiled a list of abiotic stress-related genes and demonstrate that their expression patterns overlap with those of cytokinin metabolism and signalling genes.

scholarly journals Plant NIGT1/HRS1/HHO Transcription Factors: Key Regulators with Multiple Roles in Plant Growth, Development, and Stress Responses

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (16) ◽  
pp. 8685
Author(s):  
Qian Li ◽  
Luyan Zhou ◽  
Yuhong Li ◽  
Dongping Zhang ◽  
Yong Gao
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Multiple Roles ◽  
Globular Domain ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Growth Development

The NIGT1/HRS1/HHO transcription factor (TF) family is a new subfamily of the G2-like TF family in the GARP superfamily and contains two conserved domains: the Myb-DNA binding domain and the hydrophobic and globular domain. Some studies showed that NIGT1/HRS1/HHO TFs are involved in coordinating the absorption and utilization of nitrogen and phosphorus. NIGT1/HRS1/HHO TFs also play an important role in plant growth and development and in the responses to abiotic stresses. This review focuses on recent advances in the structural characteristics of the NIGT1/HRS1/HHO TF family and discusses how the roles and functions of the NIGT1/HRS1/HHO TFs operate in terms of in plant growth, development, and stress responses.

scholarly journals Nitrogen in plants: from nutrition to the modulation of abiotic stress adaptation

2022 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Yuan Ye ◽  
Wen Hao Tian ◽  
Chong Wei Jin
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Nutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Molecular Processes ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
Sessile Organisms

AbstractNitrogen is one of the most important nutrient for plant growth and development; it is strongly associated with a variety of abiotic stress responses. As sessile organisms, plants have evolved to develop efficient strategies to manage N to support growth when exposed to a diverse range of stressors. This review summarizes the recent progress in the field of plant nitrate (NO3-) and ammonium (NH4+) uptake, which are the two major forms of N that are absorbed by plants. We explore the intricate relationship between NO3-/NH4+ and abiotic stress responses in plants, focusing on stresses from nutrient deficiencies, unfavorable pH, ions, and drought. Although many molecular details remain unclear, research has revealed a number of core signaling regulators that are associated with N-mediated abiotic stress responses. An in-depth understanding and exploration of the molecular processes that underpin the interactions between N and abiotic stresses is useful in the design of effective strategies to improve crop growth, development, and productivity.

scholarly journals AtTrxh3, a Thioredoxin, Is Identified as an Abscisic AcidBinding Protein in Arabidopsis thaliana

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Tomoaki Anabuki ◽  
Keisuke Ohashi ◽  
Taichi E. Takasuka ◽  
Hideyuki Matsuura ◽  
Kosaku Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Small Molecule ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Plant Hormone ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Azido Group ◽  
Aba Signaling ◽  
Signaling System ◽  
Amino Groups ◽  
Physiological Processes

Abscisic acid (ABA, 1) is a plant hormone that regulates various plant physiological processes such as seed developing and stress responses. The ABA signaling system has been elucidated; binding of ABA with PYL proteins triggers ABA signaling. We have previously reported a new method to isolate a protein targeted with a bioactive small molecule using a biotin linker with alkyne and amino groups, a protein cross-linker, and a bioactive small molecule with an azido group (azido probe). This method was used to identify the unknown ABA binding protein of Arabidopsis thaliana. As a result, AtTrxh3, a thioredoxin, was isolated as an ABA binding protein. Our developed method can be applied to the identification of binding proteins of bioactive compounds.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Analysis of the Trihelix Gene Family and Their Response to Cold Stress in Dendrobium officinale

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2826
Author(s):  
Yan Tong ◽  
Hui Huang ◽  
YuHua Wang
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Dendrobium Officinale ◽  
Functional Domain ◽  
Cis Elements ◽  
Genome Wide Analysis ◽  
Functional Studies ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
Chinese Medicinal Plant

Trihelix transcription factors play important roles in plant growth, development and various stress responses. In this study, we identified 32 trihelix family genes (DoGT) in the important Chinese medicinal plant Dendrobium officinale. These trihelix genes could be classified into five different subgroups. The gene structure and conserved functional domain of these trihelix genes were similar in the same subfamily but diverged between different subfamilies. Various stresses responsive cis-elements presented in the promoters of DoGT genes, suggesting that the trihelix genes might respond to the environmental stresses. Expressional changes of DoGT genes in three tissues and under cold treatment suggested that trihelix genes were involved in diverse functions during D. officinale development and cold tolerance. This study provides novel insights into the phylogenetic relationships and functions of the D. officinaletrihelix genes, which will aid future functional studies investigating the divergent roles of trihelix genes belonging to other species.

scholarly journals A Screen for Genes That Function in Abscisic Acid Signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana

Genetics ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 161 (3) ◽  
pp. 1247-1255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eiji Nambara ◽  
Masaharu Suzuki ◽  
Suzanne Abrams ◽  
Donald R McCarty ◽  
Yuji Kamiya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Plant Hormone ◽  
The Other ◽  
Aba Signaling ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Abscisic Acid Signaling ◽  
Aba Insensitive

Abstract The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) controls many aspects of plant growth and development under a diverse range of environmental conditions. To identify genes functioning in ABA signaling, we have carried out a screen for mutants that takes advantage of the ability of wild-type Arabidopsis seeds to respond to (−)-(R)-ABA, an enantiomer of the natural (+)-(S)-ABA. The premise of the screen was to identify mutations that preferentially alter their germination response in the presence of one stereoisomer vs. the other. Twenty-six mutants were identified and genetic analysis on 23 lines defines two new loci, designated CHOTTO1 and CHOTTO2, and a collection of new mutant alleles of the ABA-insensitive genes, ABI3, ABI4, and ABI5. The abi5 alleles are less sensitive to (+)-ABA than to (−)-ABA. In contrast, the abi3 alleles exhibit a variety of differences in response to the ABA isomers. Genetic and molecular analysis of these alleles suggests that the ABI3 transcription factor may perceive multiple ABA signals.

scholarly journals Functions of PPR Proteins in Plant Growth and Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (20) ◽  
pp. 11274
Author(s):  
Xiulan Li ◽  
Mengdi Sun ◽  
Shijuan Liu ◽  
Qian Teng ◽  
Shihui Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Rna Processing ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Plant Mitochondria ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Ppr Proteins

Pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins form a large protein family in land plants, with hundreds of different members in angiosperms. In the last decade, a number of studies have shown that PPR proteins are sequence-specific RNA-binding proteins involved in multiple aspects of plant organellar RNA processing, and perform numerous functions in plants throughout their life cycle. Recently, computational and structural studies have provided new insights into the working mechanisms of PPR proteins in RNA recognition and cytidine deamination. In this review, we summarized the research progress on the functions of PPR proteins in plant growth and development, with a particular focus on their effects on cytoplasmic male sterility, stress responses, and seed development. We also documented the molecular mechanisms of PPR proteins in mediating RNA processing in plant mitochondria and chloroplasts.

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