Function of hydroxycinnamoyl spermidines in seedling growth of Arabidopsis

Hydroxycinnamic Acid Amides ◽

Primary Root Growth ◽

Hormone Homeostasis

Abstract Hydroxycinnamic acid amides (HCAAs) are involved in various developmental processes as well as in biotic and abiotic stress responses. Among them, the presence of spermidine derivatives, such as N1,N8-di(coumaroyl)-spermidine and N1,N8-di(sinapoyl)-spermidine, and their biosynthetic genes have been reported in Arabidopsis, but their functions in plants are still unknown. We chemically synthesized the above mentioned spermidine derivatives to assess their physiological functions in Arabidopsis. We evaluated the growth and development of chemically treated Arabidopsis and demonstrated that these compounds inhibited seed germination, hypocotyl elongation, and primary root growth, which could be due to modulation of plant hormone homeostasis and signaling. The results suggest that these compounds are regulatory metabolites that modulate plant growth and development.

Rice SUT and SWEET Transporters

10.3390/ijms222011198 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (20) ◽

pp. 11198

Author(s):

Zhi Hu ◽

Zhenjia Tang ◽

Yanming Zhang ◽

Liping Niu ◽

Fang Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Gene Knockout ◽

Family Members ◽

Sugar Transporter ◽

Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽

Sugar Transporters ◽

Regulation Mechanisms

Sugar transporters play important or even indispensable roles in sugar translocation among adjacent cells in the plant. They are mainly composed of sucrose–proton symporter SUT family members and SWEET family members. In rice, 5 and 21 members are identified in these transporter families, and some of their physiological functions have been characterized on the basis of gene knockout or knockdown strategies. Existing evidence shows that most SUT members play indispensable roles, while many SWEET members are seemingly not so critical in plant growth and development regarding whether their mutants display an aberrant phenotype or not. Generally, the expressions of SUT and SWEET genes focus on the leaf, stem, and grain that represent the source, transport, and sink organs where carbohydrate production, allocation, and storage take place. Rice SUT and SWEET also play roles in both biotic and abiotic stress responses in addition to plant growth and development. At present, these sugar transporter gene regulation mechanisms are largely unclear. In this review, we compare the expressional profiles of these sugar transporter genes on the basis of chip data and elaborate their research advances. Some suggestions concerning future investigation are also proposed.

A Screen for Genes That Function in Abscisic Acid Signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/161.3.1247 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 161 (3) ◽

pp. 1247-1255 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Eiji Nambara ◽

Masaharu Suzuki ◽

Suzanne Abrams ◽

Donald R McCarty ◽

Yuji Kamiya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Abscisic Acid ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Plant Hormone ◽

The Other ◽

Aba Signaling ◽

Wild Type ◽

Diverse Range ◽

Abscisic Acid Signaling ◽

Aba Insensitive

Abstract The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) controls many aspects of plant growth and development under a diverse range of environmental conditions. To identify genes functioning in ABA signaling, we have carried out a screen for mutants that takes advantage of the ability of wild-type Arabidopsis seeds to respond to (−)-(R)-ABA, an enantiomer of the natural (+)-(S)-ABA. The premise of the screen was to identify mutations that preferentially alter their germination response in the presence of one stereoisomer vs. the other. Twenty-six mutants were identified and genetic analysis on 23 lines defines two new loci, designated CHOTTO1 and CHOTTO2, and a collection of new mutant alleles of the ABA-insensitive genes, ABI3, ABI4, and ABI5. The abi5 alleles are less sensitive to (+)-ABA than to (−)-ABA. In contrast, the abi3 alleles exhibit a variety of differences in response to the ABA isomers. Genetic and molecular analysis of these alleles suggests that the ABI3 transcription factor may perceive multiple ABA signals.

Functions of PPR Proteins in Plant Growth and Development

10.3390/ijms222011274 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (20) ◽

pp. 11274

Author(s):

Xiulan Li ◽

Mengdi Sun ◽

Shijuan Liu ◽

Qian Teng ◽

Shihui Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Rna Processing ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Rna Binding ◽

Plant Mitochondria ◽

Research Progress ◽

Ppr Proteins

Pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins form a large protein family in land plants, with hundreds of different members in angiosperms. In the last decade, a number of studies have shown that PPR proteins are sequence-specific RNA-binding proteins involved in multiple aspects of plant organellar RNA processing, and perform numerous functions in plants throughout their life cycle. Recently, computational and structural studies have provided new insights into the working mechanisms of PPR proteins in RNA recognition and cytidine deamination. In this review, we summarized the research progress on the functions of PPR proteins in plant growth and development, with a particular focus on their effects on cytoplasmic male sterility, stress responses, and seed development. We also documented the molecular mechanisms of PPR proteins in mediating RNA processing in plant mitochondria and chloroplasts.

Brassinosteroids in Plants: Crosstalk with Small-Molecule Compounds

Biomolecules ◽

10.3390/biom11121800 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 1800

Author(s):

Dongliang Hu ◽

Lijuan Wei ◽

Weibiao Liao

Keyword(s):

Small Molecule ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Plant Hormone ◽

Photosynthetic Capacity ◽

Stem Elongation ◽

Adventitious Rooting ◽

Growth Development ◽

Stress Damage ◽

Physiological And Biochemical

Brassinosteroids (BRs) are known as the sixth type of plant hormone participating in various physiological and biochemical activities and play an irreplaceable role in plants. Small-molecule compounds (SMCs) such as nitric oxide (NO), ethylene, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are involved in plant growth and development as signaling messengers. Recently, the involvement of SMCs in BR-mediated growth and stress responses is gradually being discovered in plants, including seed germination, adventitious rooting, stem elongation, fruit ripening, and stress responses. The crosstalk between BRs and SMCs promotes plant development and alleviates stress damage by modulating the antioxidant system, photosynthetic capacity, and carbohydrate metabolism, as well as osmotic adjustment. In the present review, we try to explain the function of BRs and SMCs and their crosstalk in the growth, development, and stress resistance of plants.

Auxins and Cytokinins—The Role of Subcellular Organization on Homeostasis

10.3390/ijms19103115 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (10) ◽

pp. 3115 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Vladimír Skalický ◽

Martin Kubeš ◽

Richard Napier ◽

Ondřej Novák

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Recent Progress ◽

Plant Hormone ◽

Cell Type ◽

Master Regulators ◽

Cell Type Specific ◽

Structural Levels

Plant hormones are master regulators of plant growth and development. Better knowledge of their spatial signaling and homeostasis (transport and metabolism) on the lowest structural levels (cellular and subcellular) is therefore crucial to a better understanding of developmental processes in plants. Recent progress in phytohormone analysis at the cellular and subcellular levels has greatly improved the effectiveness of isolation protocols and the sensitivity of analytical methods. This review is mainly focused on homeostasis of two plant hormone groups, auxins and cytokinins. It will summarize and discuss their tissue- and cell-type specific distributions at the cellular and subcellular levels.

Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the 14-3-3 gene family in soybean (Glycine max)

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.7950 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. e7950 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yongbin Wang ◽

Lei Ling ◽

Zhenfeng Jiang ◽

Weiwei Tan ◽

Zhaojun Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Gene Family ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Genomic Data ◽

Evolutionary Analysis ◽

Rna Seq ◽

Genome Wide ◽

Gene Structures

In eukaryotes, proteins encoded by the 14-3-3 genes are ubiquitously involved in the plant growth and development. The 14-3-3 gene family has been identified in several plants. In the present study, we identified 22 GmGF14 genes in the soybean genomic data. On the basis of the evolutionary analysis, they were clustered into ε and non-ε groups. The GmGF14s of two groups were highly conserved in motifs and gene structures. RNA-seq analysis suggested that GmGF14 genes were the major regulator of soybean morphogenesis. Moreover, the expression level of most GmGF14s changed obviously in multiple stress responses (drought, salt and cold), suggesting that they have the abilities of responding to multiple stresses. Taken together, this study shows that soybean 14-3-3s participate in plant growth and can response to various environmental stresses. These results provide important information for further understanding of the functions of 14-3-3 genes in soybean.

Genome wide survey, evolution and expression analysis of PHD finger genes reveal their diverse roles during the development and abiotic stress responses in Brassica rapa L.

BMC Genomics ◽

10.1186/s12864-019-6080-8 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Intikhab Alam ◽

Cui-Cui Liu ◽

Hong-Liu Ge ◽

Khadija Batool ◽

Yan-Qing Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Abiotic Stress ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Brassica Rapa ◽

Expression Analysis ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Gene Families ◽

Genome Database ◽

Phd Finger

Abstract Background Plant homeodomain (PHD) finger proteins are widely present in all eukaryotes and play important roles in chromatin remodeling and transcriptional regulation. The PHD finger can specifically bind a number of histone modifications as an “epigenome reader”, and mediate the activation or repression of underlying genes. Many PHD finger genes have been characterized in animals, but only few studies were conducted on plant PHD finger genes to this day. Brassica rapa (AA, 2n = 20) is an economically important vegetal, oilseed and fodder crop, and also a good model crop for functional and evolutionary studies of important gene families among Brassica species due to its close relationship to Arabidopsis thaliana. Results We identified a total of 145 putative PHD finger proteins containing 233 PHD domains from the current version of B. rapa genome database. Gene ontology analysis showed that 67.7% of them were predicted to be located in nucleus, and 91.3% were predicted to be involved in protein binding activity. Phylogenetic, gene structure, and additional domain analyses clustered them into different groups and subgroups, reflecting their diverse functional roles during plant growth and development. Chromosomal location analysis showed that they were unevenly distributed on the 10 B. rapa chromosomes. Expression analysis from RNA-Seq data showed that 55.7% of them were constitutively expressed in all the tested tissues or organs with relatively higher expression levels reflecting their important housekeeping roles in plant growth and development, while several other members were identified as preferentially expressed in specific tissues or organs. Expression analysis of a subset of 18 B. rapa PHD finger genes under drought and salt stresses showed that all these tested members were responsive to the two abiotic stress treatments. Conclusions Our results reveal that the PHD finger genes play diverse roles in plant growth and development, and can serve as a source of candidate genes for genetic engineering and improvement of Brassica crops against abiotic stresses. This study provides valuable information and lays the foundation for further functional determination of PHD finger genes across the Brassica species.

Interaction of Cytokinin and Ethylene in the Regulation of Primary Root Growth and Development

10.1007/978-3-030-84985-6_13 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 195-238

Author(s):

Samina N. Shakeel ◽

Swadhin Swain ◽

Sitwat Aman ◽

G. Eric Schaller

Keyword(s):

Root Growth ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Primary Root ◽

Primary Root Growth ◽

Root Growth And Development

Genome-Wide Identification, Structure Characterization, and Expression Profiling of Dof Transcription Factor Gene Family in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10020294 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 294 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Zhengwu Fang ◽

Wenqiang Jiang ◽

Yiqin He ◽

Dongfang Ma ◽

Yike Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Transcription Factors ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Structure Characterization ◽

Sequence Length ◽

Pcr Analysis ◽

Segmental Duplications ◽

Biotic And Abiotic Stress

DNA binding with one finger (Dof) proteins are plant-specific transcription factors with crucial roles in plant growth and stress response. Even so, little is known about them in wheat. In this study, 108 wheat Dof (TaDof) genes across 21 chromosomes were detected. Although variable in sequence length, molecular weight, and isoelectric point, all TaDof proteins contained conserved zinc-finger structures and were phylogenetically divided into 7 sub-groups. Exon/intron and motif analyses suggested that TaDof structures and conserved motifs were similar within sub-groups but diverse among sub-groups. Many segmental duplications were identified and Ka/Ks and inter-species synthetic analyses indicated that polyploidization was main reason for increased number of TaDofs. Prediction and experimental confirmation revealed that TaDofs functioned as transcription factors in the nucleus. Expression pattern profiling showed that TaDofs specifically affected growth and development, and biotic and abiotic stress responses. Wheat miRNAs and cis-regulator were predicted as essential players in molding TaDofs expression patterns. qRT-PCR analysis revealed that TaDofs were induced by salt and drought stresses. Customized annotation revealed that TaDofs were widely involved in phytohormone response, defense, growth and development, and metabolism. Our study provided a comprehensive understanding to wheat TaDofs.

Brassinosteroids, the Sixth Class of Phytohormones: A Molecular View from the Discovery to Hormonal Interactions in Plant Development and Stress Adaptation

10.3390/ijms20020331 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 331 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Ana Peres ◽

José Soares ◽

Rafael Tavares ◽

Germanna Righetto ◽

Marco Zullo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Environmental Changes ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Stress Factors ◽

Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽

New Era ◽

New Class ◽

Abiotic Stress Factors

Phytohormones are natural chemical messengers that play critical roles in the regulation of plant growth and development as well as responses to biotic and abiotic stress factors, maintaining plant homeostasis, and allowing adaptation to environmental changes. The discovery of a new class of phytohormones, the brassinosteroids (BRs), almost 40 years ago opened a new era for the studies of plant growth and development and introduced new perspectives in the regulation of agronomic traits through their use in agriculture. BRs are a group of hormones with significant growth regulatory activity that act independently and in conjunction with other phytohormones to control different BR-regulated activities. Genetic and molecular research has increased our understanding of how BRs and their cross-talk with other phytohormones control several physiological and developmental processes. The present article provides an overview of BRs’ discovery as well as recent findings on their interactions with other phytohormones at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels, in addition to clarifying how their network works to modulate plant growth, development, and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses.