scholarly journals Diagnostic and Therapeutic Values of Angiogenic Factors in Endometrial Cancer

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Luka Roškar ◽  
Irena Roškar ◽  
Tea Lanišnik Rižner ◽  
Špela Smrkolj
Keyword(s):  
Endometrial Cancer ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Operative Therapy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Angiogenic Factors ◽  
Cancer Growth ◽  
Targeted Cancer Therapy ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Gynecological Malignancy

Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most frequent gynecological malignancy in developed countries and requires a relatively invasive diagnostic evaluation and operative therapy as the primary therapeutic approach. Angiogenesis is one of the main processes needed for cancer growth and spread. The production of angiogenic factors (AFs) appears early in the process of carcinogenesis. The detection of AFs in plasma and tissue and a better understanding of the angiogenic properties of EC may contribute not only to earlier but also more specific diagnosis and consequently tailored and individual therapeutic approaches. AFs and their receptors also have high potential as binding sites for targeted cancer therapy. In this review, we discuss angiogenesis in EC and the characteristics of the AFs that most contribute to angiogenesis in EC. We also highlight therapeutic strategies that target angiogenesis as potential EC therapy.

scholarly journals Resistance to chemotherapy and hormone therapy in endometrial cancer

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parvesh Chaudhry ◽  
Eric Asselin
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Endometrial Cancer ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Hormone Therapy ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Gynecological Malignancy ◽  
Number Of Patients

Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecological malignancy in developed countries and represents the eighth leading cause of cancer related death in women. The growing incidence of endometrial cancer leads scientists and oncologists to identify effective preventive measures and also molecular markers for diagnosis and prognosis. Chemotherapy and hormone therapy is the mainstay treatment option for advanced and recurrent endometrial cancer and response to therapy is one of the most important factor which favors prognosis and overall survival. In recent years, there have been major advances in the treatment of patients with endometrial cancer. Despite advances made in the treatment of this cancer, the overall survival of patients has not significantly improved because considerable number of patients harbor tumor refractory to these therapies and the majority of the initially responsive tumors become refractory to treatments. Therefore, determination of sensitivity/resistance is becoming increasingly important for individualization of endometrial cancer therapy. The aim of this review is to present the existing knowledge about the molecular markers that could play a crucial role in determining resistance to chemo- and hormone therapy. Extensive literature search for the cell signaling pathways and factors responsible for chemoresistance have been performed and reviewed. Several recent studies suggest that deregulations in the apoptotic pathways (such as p53, Fas/FasL, Bcl-2 family proteins, inhibitor of apoptosis proteins), survival pathways (PI3K/AKT, MAPK), hormone receptor signaling pathways (progesterone receptor), Cyclooxygenase-2 and Her-2 are considered as key factors involved in the onset and maintenance of therapeutic resistance, suggesting that resistance is a multi-factorial phenomenon.

scholarly journals Does an Endometrial Cancer Diagnosis among Asymptomatic Patients Improve Prognosis?

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Petra Vinklerová ◽  
Petra Ovesná ◽  
Markéta Bednaříková ◽  
Luboš Minář ◽  
Michal Felsinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endometrial Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Gynecological Malignancy ◽  
European Guidelines ◽  
Preclinical Phase ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients

Background: Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecological malignancy in developed countries with no screening available. There is still a tendency to provide invasive bioptic verification in asymptomatic women with abnormal ultrasound findings to diagnose carcinoma in a preclinical phase; even though, it is not supported by European guidelines. Our goal was to determine DFS (disease-free survival), OS (overall survival), and DSS (disease-specific survival) differences between symptom-free and symptomatic (bleeding, or spotting) endometrial cancer patients with similar stage and tumor/clinical characteristics. Methods: All of our patients with endometrial cancer following surgical treatment between 2006 and 2019 were assessed, evaluating risk factors for recurrence and death while focusing on bleeding using univariable and multivariable analysis. Results: 625 patients meeting the inclusion criteria were divided into asymptomatic (n = 144, 23%) and symptomatic (n = 481, 77%) groups. The median follow-up was 3.6 years. Using univariable analysis, symptomatic patients had a three times higher risk of recurrence (HR 3.1 (95% Cl 1.24–7.77), p = 0.016). OS (HR 1.35 (0.84–2.19), p = 0.219) and DSS (HR 1.66 (0.64–4.28), p = 0.3) were slightly worse without reaching statistical significance. In our multivariable analysis, symptomatology was deemed completely insignificant in all monitored parameters (DFS: HR 2.03 (0.79–5.24), p = 0.144; OS: HR 0.72 (0.43–1.21), p = 0.216). Conclusions: The symptomatic endometrial cancer patients risk factor of earlier recurrence and death is insignificantly higher when compared with the asymptomatic cohort. However, multivariable analysis verifies that prognosis worsens with other clinically relevant parameters, not by symptomatology itself. In terms of survival outcome in EC patients, we recognized symptomatology as a non-significant marker for the patient’s prognosis.

Sarginio limfmazgio nustatymas sergant endometriumo vėžiu: nauja chirurginio stadijavimo kryptis

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Linas Andreika ◽  
Margarita Montrimaitė ◽  
Juliana Andreičik
Keyword(s):  
Endometrial Cancer ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Sentinel Lymph Node ◽  
Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy ◽  
Gynecological Cancer ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Lymph Node Biopsy ◽  
Sentinel Lymph Nodes ◽  
Cancer Management ◽  
Node Biopsy

Summary. Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecological cancer in developed countries. Biopsy of the sentinel lymph node can be considered as an alternative to full lymphadenectomy. In order to identify sentinel lymph nodes, a tracer substance is injected into the uterus to visualize the lymphatic tract. Commonly used tracer substances are Technetium-99m (99mTc) colloid, blue dyes, and indocyanine green (ICG). In this review the significance of sentinel lymph node biopsy in endometrial cancer management and the technique of the procedure is discussed.

scholarly journals Systemic recurrence of endometrial cancer more than 10 years after hysterectomy: a report of two cases and a brief review of the literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Muratori ◽  
Paola Sperone ◽  
Gabriella Gorzegno ◽  
Anna La Salvia ◽  
Giorgio Vittorio Scagliotti
Keyword(s):  
Endometrial Cancer ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Endometrial Carcinoma ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Disease Relapse ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Radical Treatment ◽  
Risk Of Disease

Abstract Background Endometrial carcinoma is one of the most common female cancers in developed countries. Disease stage is associated with the risk of disease relapse after radical treatment. Typically, the risk of disease relapse peaks at 3 years from local radical treatment and then diminishes over time, so that late relapses (i.e., from year 5 afterward) are extremely infrequent. Here, we report two cases of women with endometrial cancer who developed a disease relapse more than 15 years after radical treatment. A review of the literature revealed other seven reports of women with relapse from endometrial cancer occurring more than 10 years after radical treatment. Case presentation Case report 1 is a 56-year-old woman with an endometrioid cancer who underwent a hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy in 1998. She relapsed in the lung in 2014, 16 years from radical surgery. Case report 2, a 75-year-old woman, with an endometrioid cancer, was treated by hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and adjuvant radiotherapy. The disease relapse in the lung was detected in 2019, 22 years from radical treatment. Conclusion Although guidelines do not support oncological follow-up beyond 5 years from surgery, oncologists should consider late recurrence of endometrial carcinoma in the differential diagnosis of women presenting with metastases of uncertain origin and prior history of this disease.

scholarly journals Controversies in the Management of Endometrial Carcinoma: An Update

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed K. Mehasseb ◽  
John A. Latimer
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Endometrial Cancer ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Endometrial Carcinoma ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Changing Roles ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Female Genital

Endometrial carcinoma is the commonest type of female genital tract malignancy in the developed countries. Endometrial carcinoma is usually confined to the uterus at the time of diagnosis and as such usually carries an excellent prognosis with high curability. Our understanding and management of endometrial cancer have continuously developed. Current controversies focus on screening and early detection, the extent of nodal surgery, and the changing roles of radiation therapy and chemotherapy and will be discussed in this paper.

scholarly journals Cancer Endometrium: An Update

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piyush Kumar ◽  
Jai Kishan Goel
Keyword(s):  
Endometrial Cancer ◽  
Gynecological Cancer ◽  
Preoperative Staging ◽  
Abnormal Uterine Bleeding ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Endometrial Biopsy ◽  
External Beam Radiation ◽  
Beam Radiation ◽  
Estrogen Exposure ◽  
Cardinal Symptom

ABSTRACT Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecological cancer in developed countries and second most common in developing countries. Its incidence is increasing in postmenopausal women. Factors related to chronic estrogen exposure are associated with a higher incidence. Abnormal uterine bleeding is the cardinal symptom. All women with suspected endometrial cancer require transvaginal ultrasonography and most will undergo endometrial biopsy; more sophisticated radiological examinations are required for preoperative staging. The general approach for treatment of endometrial cancer is hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, abdominopelvic washings, lymph node evaluation and maximal surgical cytoreduction for those with advanced disease. Postoperative adjuvant therapy [vaginal brachytherapy, external beam radiation therapy (RT), chemotherapy] may be recommended depending on the estimated risk of recurrence. Individual patient characteristics and surgical as well as pathologic staging are the main factors that are used for postsurgical risk stratification, which in turn, directs the selection of adjuvant treatment. How to cite this article Goel JK, Kumar P. Cancer Endometrium: An Update. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2012;4(2):75-84.

Assessment of Risk Scoring Model for Prediction of Endometrial Cancer Among Symptomatic Postmenopausal Women (A Prospective Cohort Study)

QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdy M Abd Elgawaad ◽  
Amr M El Helaly ◽  
Malames M Faisal ◽  
Asmaa F Kasem
Keyword(s):  
Endometrial Cancer ◽  
Family History ◽  
Endometrial Carcinoma ◽  
Endometrial Hyperplasia ◽  
Endometrial Thickness ◽  
Serous Carcinoma ◽  
Scoring Model ◽  
Gynecological Malignancy ◽  
Risk Scoring ◽  
Study Population

Abstract Background Endometrial carcinoma is the most common gynecological malignancy in the developed countries and the third common gynecological malignancy in Egypt after breast and ovarian cancers. Aim of the Work to evaluate this risk scoring model on Egyptian patients and to study the effect of adding other patient characteristics (DM, BMI and relevant family history) on the sensitivity and specificity of RHEA scoring model. Patients and Methods The current study was conducted in Ain Shams University Maternity Hospital in the period between September 2017 and December 2018. A total of 100 women with postmenopausal bleeding and endometrial thickness > 4mm were included in the study. Results Histological examination revealed that benign pathology (n = 65) (73%) was found to be: most common cause was endometrial hyperplasia without atypia (20.3%) followed by chronic endometritis (13.5%), then endometrial polyp (11.3%), cystic atrophy of endometrium (8.9%), proliferative endometrium (8.9%), endometrial hyperplasia with atypia (6.7%) and lastly mucous polyp (3.4%) while malignant histopathology(n = 24)(27%) which is significantly higher than the international rates showed: Endometriod adenocarcinoma (n = 19)(21.3%), papillary serous carcinoma (n = 4)(4.5%) and undifferentiated carcinoma (n = 1)(1.1%). The current study showed that RHEA score performs in our study population with a comparable validity to that reported by its inventors with sensitivity 79.2% (57.8% - 92.9%) vs. 87.5% and specificity 84.6% (73.5% - 92.4%) vs. 80.1% respectively. In results of the current study it was found that the time since onset of menopause rather than age was associated with endometrial cancer with the optimum cut-off for postmenopausal duration was estimated to be 9 years achieving a sensitivity of 87.5% and a specificity of 60.0%, but it needs multivariate analysis on larger and more representative sample size to confirm this association, A statistically significant regression model was including only postmenopausal duration, recurrent bleeding and endometrial thickness. None of age, BMI, family history or hypertension proved a statistically significant predictive effect after adjustment for other predictive variables. Conclusion Taking in consideration the higher prevalence of endometrial carcinoma in the sample of the current study, the wide 95% confidence intervals for the different validity indices for the RHEA scores derived from this study, it seems that RHEA score performs in this study population with a comparable validity to that reported by its inventors.

Endometrial Cancer: genetic, metabolic characteristics, therapeutic strategies and nanomedicine

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuxuan Cai ◽  
Bei Wang ◽  
Wen Xu ◽  
Kai Liu ◽  
Yisong Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endometrial Cancer ◽  
Precancerous Lesions ◽  
Hypoxia Inducible Factor ◽  
The United States ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Current Application ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Von Hippel Lindau ◽  
Metabolic Characteristics

Background: Endometrial cancer is the fourth most common malignancy in the female population worldwide. It was estimated that 65,620 new cases and 12,590 subsequent deaths occurred in 2020 in the United States. Patients with type II and advanced endometrial cancer do not respond well to the current treatments. Therefore, endometrial cancer should be better understood in order to develop more effective treatments. Objective: To provide an overview of genetic, metabolic characteristics, therapeutic strategies and current application of nanotechnology surrounding endometrial cancer. Method: Relevant articles were retrieved from Pubmed and were systematically reviewed. Results: Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 and Von Hippel-Lindau factor participated in oncogenesis and progression of endometrial cancer, and Nrf2 was associated with oncogenesis. Various genetic alterations were found in endometrial cancer. The examination of the abnormal X chromosome inactivation may help with the diagnosis of endometrial cancer and its precancerous lesions. Some absent tumor suppressor genes, activated oncogenes were revealed by the genetically modified mouse models. Disorders in glucose and lipid metabolism were found in endometrial cancer. Current therapeutic strategies focused on the HIF-1α pathway, the mTOR pathway as well as immunotherapy. Nanotechnology showed great potential in endometrial cancer’s early diagnosis, metastasis determination and treatment. Conclusion: Endometrial cancer has been understood in various aspects, but the underlying mechanisms still remain relatively unknown, which might be the source of novel diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic targets. Nanomedicine in endometrial cancer is poorly studied, but the current researches showed great results in treating endometrial cancer. It needs further researching.

Targeting RNF8 Effectively Reverse Cisplatin and Doxorubicin Resistance in Endometrial Cancer

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Yang ◽  
Wang Ke ◽  
Yingchun Wan ◽  
Tao Li
Keyword(s):  
Endometrial Cancer ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Gynecological Malignancy ◽  
Ec Cells

Abstract Background Endometrial cancer (EC) is one of the most frequent gynecological malignancy worldwide. However, resistance to chemotherapy remains one of the major difficulties in the treatment of EC. Thus, there is an urgent requirement to understand mechanisms of chemoresistance and identify novel regimens for patients with EC. Methods Cisplatin and doxorubicin resistant cell lines were acquired by continuous exposing parental EC cells to cisplatin or doxorubicin for 3 months. Cell viability was determined by using MTT assay. Protein Expression levels of protein were examined by western blotting assay. mRNA levels were measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay. Ring finger protein 8 (RNF8) knockout cell lines were generated by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)–Cas9 gene editing assay. Nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) efficiency were quantified by plasmid based NHEJ assay. DNA double strand breaks (DSB) were generated using laser micro-irradiation. Protein recruitment to DSB was analyzed by immunofluorescent assay. Tumor growth was examined by AN3CA xenograft mice model. Results We found that protein and mRNA expression levels of RNF8 were significantly increased in both cisplatin and doxorubicin resistant EC cells. Cell survival assay showed that RNF deficiency significantly enhanced the sensitivity of resistant EC cells to cisplatin and doxorubicin (P < 0.01). In addition, chemoresistant EC cells exhibited increased NHEJ efficiency. Knockout of RNF8 in chemoresistant EC cells significantly reduced NHEJ efficiency and prolonged Ku80 retention on DSB. Moreover, cisplatin resistant AN3CA xenograft showed that RNF8 deficiency overcame cisplatin resistance. Conclusions Our in vitro and in vivo assays provide evidence for RNF8, which is a NHEJ factor, serving as a promising, novel target in EC chemotherapy.

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