scholarly journals Biological Properties of JNK3 and Its Function in Neurons, Astrocytes, Pancreatic β-Cells and Cardiovascular Cells

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rei Nakano ◽  
Tomohiro Nakayama ◽  
Hiroshi Sugiya
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Cellular Reprogramming ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physiological Functions ◽  
Cardiovascular Cells ◽  
As Stress ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Upstream Regulators ◽  
Shed Light

JNK is a protein kinase, which induces transactivation of c-jun. The three isoforms of JNK, JNK1, JNK2, and JNK3, are encoded by three distinct genes. JNK1 and JNK2 are expressed ubiquitously throughout the body. By contrast, the expression of JNK3 is limited and observed mainly in the brain, heart, and testes. Concerning the biological properties of JNKs, the contribution of upstream regulators and scaffold proteins plays an important role in the activation of JNKs. Since JNK signaling has been described as a form of stress-response signaling, the contribution of JNK3 to pathophysiological events, such as stress response or cell death including apoptosis, has been well studied. However, JNK3 also regulates the physiological functions of neurons and non-neuronal cells, such as development, regeneration, and differentiation/reprogramming. In this review, we shed light on the physiological functions of JNK3. In addition, we summarize recent advances in the knowledge regarding interactions between JNK3 and cellular reprogramming.

scholarly journals BLUE BRAIN

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 1009-1017
Author(s):  
Chandani R. Suryawanshi ◽  
Vinod Nayyar
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
High Speed ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Artificial Brain ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Shed Light

Today scientists are in research to create an artificial brain that can think, respond, take decision, and keep anything in memory. The main aim is to upload human brain into machine. So that man can think, take decision without any effort. After the death of the body, the virtual brain will act as the man. So, even after the death of a person we will not loose the knowledge, intelligence, personalities, feelings and memories of that man, that can be used for the development of the human society. Technology is growing faster than every thing. IBM is now in research to create a virtual brain, called Blue brain. If possible, this would be the first virtual brain of the world. IBM, in partnership with scientists at Switzerlands Ecole Polytech- nique Federale de Lausannes (EPFL) Brain and Mind Institute will begin simulating the brains biological systems and output the data as a working 3-dimensional model that will recreate the high-speed electrochemical interactions that take place within the brains interior. These include cognitive functions such as language, learning, perception and memory in addition to brain malfunction such as psychiatric disorders like depression and autism. From there, the modeling will expand to other regions of the brain and, if successful, shed light on the relationships between genetic, molecular and cognitive functions of the brain.

YEC Focus Nootropic Reviews (Works Or Hoax) Does This Brain Booster Pills Really Works? Benefits & Price Report! v1

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
YEC Focus Nootropic
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
The Body ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Huperzine A ◽  
Online Store ◽  
Sporting Activities ◽  
As Stress ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Brain

YEC Focus Nootropic Reviews: Legit Nootropic Brain Booster or Scam? YEC Focus Nootropic is a state-of-the-art nootropic that employs vitamins, vital nutrients, plus amino acids to assist you to think quicker, cleverer, smarten your memory, and improve attention and leave you feeling invigorated. The water-soluble extracts, which are useful in product additives, function to rejuvenate studying approaches and thinking. Product Review ➛ YEC Focus NootropicCategory ➛ Brain Booster Basic Ingredients ➛ Bacopa Monnieri, Huperzine A Basic Benefits ➛ Enhance Memory Power Any Side Effects ➛ No Major Side Effects Rating ➛ ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ Age Limitations ➛ 18+ Official Website Visit Here Official Website How does the YEC Focus Nootropic Function? It is common knowledge that we must work out to look after our bodies, employ numerous creams to guard our skin, and eat healthy for fitness altogether. Nonetheless, what about looking after our brains? Your brain is the most vital and key organ of the body. The brain regulates all the tasks of the body. The immune system shall progress if you have a robust and dominant brain. The brain becomes weak as you age. Click Here to Order YEC Brain Focus Nootropic From Its Official Online Store Working out is not as stress-free as consuming the pill. Nonetheless, if you actually want to advance your brain function in a categorically unproblematic manner, taking YEC Focus Nootropic is verified to be 100% operative and harmless. These supplements comprise all-natural constituents and have been clinically proven to fortify your brain and aid you think better and quicker. Natural components of YEC Focus Nootropic are very active in refining your memory and reinstating it exhaustively. YEC Focus Nootropic Constituents The chief constituent in this merchandise is phosphatidylserine, which is an element that aids in the synapse or linking amid neurons, which is indispensable for the apt working of your nervous system. 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Advantages of YEC Focus Nootropic The benefits that YEC Focus Nootropic provides according to the product’s official website include: ☑ It aids you to concentrate on your everyday schedule. ☑ It’s an enhanced method to improve and look after your mind power. ☑ It shall advance your attentiveness and halt sidetracking you from your objective. ☑ It shall likewise aid fortify your memory and assist you to recall your particulars better. ☑ It comes with dominant ingredients that assist you in making verdicts rapidly and evidently. ☑ It shall assist guard your brain and allow the mind to fine-tune inherently. ☑ It is an effortless means to develop your mind. ☑ It shall relieve you from nervousness and tension. Does the YEC Focus Nootropic have Side Effects? The amazing part regarding YEC Focus Nootropic side effects is that they don’t occur with these potent brain supplements! The formulation is 100% natural; thus, you can be assured that you shall get your absolute treat. This mixture is certain to be made employing only the top constituents and will not utilize synthetics. If there are any disquiets or queries, get in touch with your physician before taking the formula. You as well can attempt these potent formulas to upsurge your astuteness. ➢A Heightened Mental State Is Indispensable When you can think quickly, regardless of conditions, better decisions can be made and directed towards satisfaction in existence. Consumers currently no longer bask in thoughts fog not even following a night out with loved ones or friends. And all this is possible with the normal intake of YEC Focus Nootropic as directed on the bottle. With this supplement assistance, users might furthermore top in school, occupations, or their societal existence effortlessly, as YEC Focus Nootropic powerfully advances curiosity too. And it allows better time for sporting activities that you delight in. Click Here to Order YEC Brain Focus Nootropic From Its Official Online Store YEC Focus Nootropic Drawbacks Like whichever other merchandise, YEC Focus Nootropic might not offer you the desired results; likewise, if you are sensitive to some of the constituents, you shouldn’t take the supplement. Though there aren’t reports of individuals experiencing any side effects, you have to cease taking it instantly if you suffer from whichever adverse effects while taking the product. Conclusion Whenever it comes to efficiency, YEC Focus Nootropic functions. Users can expect to attain quick thinking and better concentration once they consume it. There is no further brain fog or the brain becoming blank whenever facing taxing circumstances. You can think serenely and clearly as you advance your attentiveness. If you are fatigued by getting brain fog in critical instants, grab your YEC Focus Nootropic bottle and function at optimal levels. 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Ectopic hormone syndromes

2011 ◽  
pp. 1590-1600 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Ray
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Tumour Marker ◽  
The Body ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Hormone Production ◽  
Clinical Syndromes ◽  
Inappropriate Expression ◽  
Management Challenge ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Shed Light

Production of hormones usually occurs in specialized endocrine glands. Such hormone production is typically under control from higher centres, ultimately the brain, and also subject to complex negative feedback. This results in tight regulation of circulating hormone levels, and affords a mechanism for influencing diverse tissue function throughout the body. Inappropriate hormone production by nonendocrine tissue causes a spectrum of rare syndromes which are important as they are not only a management challenge, but also because they shed light on the regulation of tissue-specific gene expression with widespread ramifications for understanding human physiology. In addition, inappropriate expression of a peptide may be useful as a tumour marker, as for example human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) or α‎-fetoprotein. This chapter will address the basic mechanisms of ectopic hormone production and will further discuss specific clinical syndromes.

Variations of the Mixed Discourse

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chantal Jaquet
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
States Of Mind ◽  
Mind And Body ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Shed Light

Lastly, on the basis of this definition, the author shows how affects shed light on the body-mind relationship and provide an opportunity to produce a mixed discourse that focuses, by turns, on the mental, physical, or psychophysical aspect of affect. The final chapter has two parts: – An analysis of the three categories of affects: mental, physical, and psychophysical – An examination of the variations of Spinoza’s discourse Some affects, such as satisfaction of the mind, are presented as mental, even though they are correlated with the body. Others, such as pain or pleasure, cheerfulness (hilaritas) or melancholy are mainly rooted in the body, even though the mind forms an idea of them. Still others are psychophysical, such as humility or pride, which are expressed at once as bodily postures and states of mind. These affects thus show us how the mind and body are united, all the while expressing themselves differently and specifically, according to their own modalities.

The Concept of treaty in Islamic Jurisprudence: A comparative view of the classical jurists

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Labeeb Bsoul
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mutual Understanding ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
The Third ◽  
Islamic Jurisprudence ◽  
Shed Light

This article aims to shed light on a particular area in the field of Islamic International law (siyar) treaty in Islamic jurisprudence. It addresses a comparative view of classical jurists of treaties both theoretically and historically and highlights their continued relevance to the contemporary world. Since the concept of treaty a lacuna in scholarship as well as the familiar of international legal theorists to study and integrate the Islamic treaty system into the body of modern international law in order to have a mutual understanding and respect and honor for treaties among nations. I would like to present a series of three parts the first one addresses the concept of treaty in Islamic jurisprudence the second addresses the process of drafting treaties and their conclusion and the third addresses selected treaties, including the treaty of H{udaybiya that took place between Muslims and non-Muslims..

EXPERIMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE NANOPARTICLES TOXICITY OF NICKEL OXIDE IN TWO SIZES IN THE SUBCHRONIC EXPERIMENT

2018 ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
M.P. Sutunkova ◽  
B.A. Katsnelson ◽  
L.I. Privalova ◽  
S.N. Solovjeva ◽  
V.B. Gurvich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nickel Oxide ◽  
Nervous Activity ◽  
Equal Mass ◽  
The Body ◽  
Subchronic Toxicity ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Nanoparticles Toxicity

We conducted a comparative assessment of the nickel oxide nanoparticles toxicity (NiO) of two sizes (11 and 25 nm) according to a number of indicators of the body state after repeated intraperitoneal injections of these particles suspensions. At equal mass doses, NiO nanoparticles have been found to cause various manifestations of systemic subchronic toxicity with a particularly pronounced effect on liver, kidney function, the body’s antioxidant system, lipid metabolism, white and red blood, redox metabolism, spleen damage, and some disorders of nervous activity allegedly related to the possibility of nickel penetration into the brain from the blood. The relationship between the diameter and toxicity of particles is ambiguous, which may be due to differences in toxicokinetics, which is controlled by both physiological mechanisms and direct penetration of nanoparticles through biological barriers and, finally, unequal solubility.

Anthocyanins: Chemical Properties and Health Benefits: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siraj Salman Mohammad ◽  
Renata Oliveira Santos ◽  
Maria Ivone Barbosa ◽  
José Lucena Barbosa Junior
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
The Body ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Extraction Properties ◽  
Therapeutic Properties ◽  
Food Processes ◽  
Shed Light

: Anthocyanins are widely spread in different kinds of food, especially fruits and floral tissues, there is an extensive range of anthocyanin compounds reach more than 600 exist in nature. Anthocyanins can be used as antioxidants and raw material for several applications in food and pharmaceutical industry. Consequently, a plenty of studies about anthocyanins sources and extraction methods were reported. Furthermore, many studies about their stability, bioactive and therapeutic properties have been done. According to the body of work, we firstly worked to shed light on anthocyanin properties including chemical, antioxidant and extraction properties. Secondly, we reported the applications and health benefits of anthocyanin including the applications in food processes and anthocyanin characteristics as therapeutic and prophylactic compounds. We reviewed anticancer, anti-diabetic, anti-fatness, oxidative Stress and lipid decreasing and vasoprotective effects of anthocyanins. In conclusion, because the importance of phytochemicals and bioactive compounds the research is still continuing to find new anthocyanins from natural sources and invest them as raw materials in the pharmaceutical and nutrition applications.

The musculature and nervous system of the plerocercoid larva of Dibothriorhynchus grossum (Rud.)

Parasitology ◽  
1941 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gwendolen Rees
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Nerve Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lateral Nerve ◽  
Posterior Median ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Ventral Muscle ◽  
Nerve Cords ◽  
Extrinsic Muscles

1. The structure of the proboscides of the larva of Dibothriorhynchus grossum (Rud.) is described. Each proboscis is provided with four sets of extrinsic muscles, and there is an anterior dorso-ventral muscle mass connected to all four proboscides.2. The musculature of the body and scolex is described.3. The nervous system consists of a brain, two lateral nerve cords, two outer and inner anterior nerves on each side, twenty-five pairs of bothridial nerves to each bothridium, four longitudinal bothridial nerves connecting these latter before their entry into the bothridia, four proboscis nerves arising from the brain, and a series of lateral nerves supplying the lateral regions of the body.4. The so-called ganglia contain no nerve cells, these are present only in the posterior median commissure which is therefore the nerve centre.

scholarly journals The brain dynamics of architectural affordances during transition

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zakaria Djebbara ◽  
Lars Brorson Fich ◽  
Klaus Gramann
Keyword(s):  
Occipital Cortex ◽  
The Body ◽  
Brain Dynamics ◽  
Alpha Band ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Posterior Cingulate ◽  
Sensory Signals ◽  
Event Related Desynchronization ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Attentional Mechanisms

AbstractAction is a medium of collecting sensory information about the environment, which in turn is shaped by architectural affordances. Affordances characterize the fit between the physical structure of the body and capacities for movement and interaction with the environment, thus relying on sensorimotor processes associated with exploring the surroundings. Central to sensorimotor brain dynamics, the attentional mechanisms directing the gating function of sensory signals share neuronal resources with motor-related processes necessary to inferring the external causes of sensory signals. Such a predictive coding approach suggests that sensorimotor dynamics are sensitive to architectural affordances that support or suppress specific kinds of actions for an individual. However, how architectural affordances relate to the attentional mechanisms underlying the gating function for sensory signals remains unknown. Here we demonstrate that event-related desynchronization of alpha-band oscillations in parieto-occipital and medio-temporal regions covary with the architectural affordances. Source-level time–frequency analysis of data recorded in a motor-priming Mobile Brain/Body Imaging experiment revealed strong event-related desynchronization of the alpha band to originate from the posterior cingulate complex, the parahippocampal region as well as the occipital cortex. Our results firstly contribute to the understanding of how the brain resolves architectural affordances relevant to behaviour. Second, our results indicate that the alpha-band originating from the occipital cortex and parahippocampal region covaries with the architectural affordances before participants interact with the environment, whereas during the interaction, the posterior cingulate cortex and motor areas dynamically reflect the affordable behaviour. We conclude that the sensorimotor dynamics reflect behaviour-relevant features in the designed environment.

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