scholarly journals Recent Progress on Electroactive Polymers: Synthesis, Properties and Applications

Ceramics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 516-541
Author(s):  
Md Hafizur Rahman ◽  
Harmony Werth ◽  
Alexander Goldman ◽  
Yuki Hida ◽  
Court Diesner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electroactive Polymers ◽  
Surface Interactions ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Point Of Interest ◽  
Synthesis Properties ◽  
Significant Research ◽  
Useful Life ◽  
Synthesis Routes ◽  
And Robotics ◽  
Lower Voltage

Electroactive polymers (EAPs) are an advanced family of polymers that change their shape through electric stimulation and have been a point of interest since their inception. This unique functionality has helped EAPs to contribute to versatile fields, such as electrical, biomedical, and robotics, to name a few. Ionic EAPs have a significant advantage over electronic EAPs. For example, Ionic EAPs require a lower voltage to activate than electronic EAPs. On the other hand, electronic EAPs could generate a relatively larger actuation force. Therefore, efforts have been focused on improving both kinds to achieve superior properties. In this review, the synthesis routes of different EAP-based actuators and their properties are discussed. Moreover, their mechanical interactions have been investigated from a tribological perspective as all these EAPs undergo surface interactions. Such interactions could reduce their useful life and need significant research attention for enhancing their life. Recent advancements and numerous applications of EAPs in various sectors are also discussed in this review.

scholarly journals Questioning Racial and Gender Bias in AI-based Recommendations: Do Espoused National Cultural Values Matter?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manjul Gupta ◽  
Carlos M. Parra ◽  
Denis Dennehy
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Gender Bias ◽  
The United States ◽  
Compelling Evidence ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Gender Biases ◽  
Significant Research ◽  
And Gender

AbstractOne realm of AI, recommender systems have attracted significant research attention due to concerns about its devastating effects to society’s most vulnerable and marginalised communities. Both media press and academic literature provide compelling evidence that AI-based recommendations help to perpetuate and exacerbate racial and gender biases. Yet, there is limited knowledge about the extent to which individuals might question AI-based recommendations when perceived as biased. To address this gap in knowledge, we investigate the effects of espoused national cultural values on AI questionability, by examining how individuals might question AI-based recommendations due to perceived racial or gender bias. Data collected from 387 survey respondents in the United States indicate that individuals with espoused national cultural values associated to collectivism, masculinity and uncertainty avoidance are more likely to question biased AI-based recommendations. This study advances understanding of how cultural values affect AI questionability due to perceived bias and it contributes to current academic discourse about the need to hold AI accountable.

State-of-art of silver and gold nanoparticles synthesis routes, characterization and applications: a review

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Faisal Ali ◽  
Muhammad Hamza ◽  
Munawar Iqbal ◽  
Beriham Basha ◽  
Norah Alwadai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Ag Nps ◽  
Au Nps ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Synthesis Properties ◽  
Synthesis Routes ◽  
Synthesis Approach ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Abstract To date, the noble metal-based nanoparticles have been used in every field of life. The Au and Ag nanoparticles (NPs) have been fabricated employing different techniques to tune the properties. In this study, the methodologies developed and adopted for the fabrication of Au and Ag have been discussed, which include physical, chemical and biological routes. The Au and Ag characteristics (morphology, size, shape) along with advantages and disadvantages are discussed. The Au and Ag NPs catalytic and biomedical applications are discussed. For the Ag and Au NPs characterization, SEM (scanning electron microscope), TEM (transmission electron microscope), FTIR (Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy), XRD (X-rays diffraction) and DLS (dynamic light scattering) techniques are employed. The properties of Au and Ag NPs found dependent to synthesis approach, i.e., the size, shape and morphologies, which showed a promising Catalytic, drug delivery and antimicrobial agent applications. The review is a comprehensive study for the comparison of Au and Ag NPs synthesis, properties and applications in different fields.

Online Word-of-Mouth Reviews

2014 ◽  
pp. 1689-1697
Author(s):  
Jing Huo ◽  
Qinglong Gou ◽  
Qi Dai ◽  
Zhimin Huang
Keyword(s):  
Word Of Mouth ◽  
Social Network Sites ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Purchase Decision ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Online Word Of Mouth ◽  
Significant Research ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Antecedents And Consequences

Online word-of-mouth (WOM) has received significant research attention as the Internet has rapidly developed. Owing to specific Internet platforms such as consumer reviews sites and social network sites, online WOM spreads much more quickly and widely than traditional WOM, and that phenomenon ultimately makes online WOM play a key role in a consumer's purchase decision. In this chapter we present an overview of previous research on online WOM to facilitate future research in this area. In this review, previous researches are divided into three streams, i.e., (1) the effectiveness of online WOM, (2) the valence of online WOM, and (3) the antecedents and consequences of online WOM. Also, two possible future research directions are suggested at the end the chapter.

Job Seeking: The Process and Experience of Looking for a Job

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 315-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Connie R. Wanberg ◽  
Abdifatah A. Ali ◽  
Borbala Csillag
Keyword(s):  
Social Networking ◽  
Job Search ◽  
Job Quality ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Job Seeking ◽  
Employment Situation ◽  
Significant Research ◽  
Job Finding ◽  
Job Search Methods

This review distills available empirical research about the process and experience of looking for a job. Job search varies according to several dimensions, including intensity, content, and temporality/persistence. Our review examines how these dimensions relate to job search success, which involves job finding as well as job quality. Because social networking and interviewing behavior have attracted significant research attention, we describe findings with respect to these two job search methods in greater detail. We provide examples of the relevance of context to job search (i.e., the job seeker's geographical region, country, and culture; the economy; the job seeker's current or past employment situation; and employer behaviors and preferences) and review research on bias in the job search. Finally, we survey work on job search interventions and conclude with an overview of pressing job search issues in need of future research.

Video Games and Gaming: Reaching Audiences With Health and Risk Messages

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony M. Limperos
Keyword(s):  
Video Games ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Entertainment Media ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Active Video Games ◽  
Obesity And Overweight ◽  
Active Video ◽  
Significant Research ◽  
Combat Problems

Video games are a very popular form of entertainment media and have been the subject of much debate since their meteoric rise to popularity in the 1980s. Similar to the criticisms leveraged against other forms of media, video games have often been scrutinized for their potential to negatively influence those who play them. However, since the beginning of the 21st century, many new genres of video games have emerged and as a result, both public dialogue and research attention have shifted more toward understanding how certain games can be used for prosocial purposes. Exercise-based and active video games (AVGs) are a type of game which requires players to get up and move instead of simply sitting in front of the TV and pushing buttons. These types of games have received a lot of popular press and scholarly attention due to the fact that they encourage movement and may be used as a health intervention tool, especially to combat problems like obesity and overweight. Even though there has been significant research attention focused on the potential health benefits of playing these types of games, there is still much work to be done. While researchers have advanced a general understanding of why certain AVGs are effective or ineffective, there needs to be a greater emphasis on understanding the process by which these games can be motivating and influential. Shedding light on what makes AVGs potentially effective health management and intervention tools will not only be important for motivating people to become more active, but may also help inform research which focuses on how video games may be used in the health domain more generally.

scholarly journals Advanced exact synthesis of Clifford+T circuits

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Niemann ◽  
Robert Wille ◽  
Rolf Drechsler
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Fault Tolerant ◽  
Logic Synthesis ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Quantum Systems ◽  
Quantum Circuits ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Small Quantum ◽  
Significant Research ◽  
Important Research Problem

Abstract Quantum systems provide a new way of conducting computations based on the so-called qubits. Due to the potential for significant speed-ups, this field received significant research attention in recent years. The Clifford+T library is a very promising and popular gate library for these kinds of computations. Unlike other libraries considered so far, it consists of only a small number of gates for all of which robust, fault-tolerant realizations are known for many technologies that seem to be promising for large-scale quantum computing. As a consequence, (logic) synthesis of Clifford+T quantum circuits became an important research problem. However, previous work in this area has several drawbacks: Corresponding approaches are either only applicable to very small quantum systems or lead to circuits that are far from being optimal. The latter is mainly caused by the fact that current synthesis realizes the desired circuit by a local, i.e., column-wise, consideration of the underlying unitary transformation matrix to be synthesized. In this paper, we analyze the conceptual drawbacks of this approach and propose to overcome them by taking a global view of the matrices and perform a separation of concerns regarding individual synthesis steps. We precisely describe a corresponding algorithm as well as its efficient implementation on top of decision diagrams. Experimental results confirm the resulting benefits and show improvements of up to several orders of magnitudes in costs compared to previous work.

Facile synthesis of ultrathin NiSnO3 nanoparticles for enhanced electrochemical detection of an antibiotic drug in water bodies and biological samples

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (25) ◽  
pp. 10604-10612
Author(s):  
Muthaiah Annalakshmi ◽  
Subbarayan Sumithra ◽  
Shen-Ming Chen ◽  
Tse-Wei Chen ◽  
Xuei-Hong Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Electrochemical Detection ◽  
Biological Samples ◽  
Facile Synthesis ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Living Things ◽  
Antibiotic Drugs ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Antibiotic Drug ◽  
Significant Research

The highly sensitive real-time detection of antibiotic drugs (nitrofurantoin; NFT) has drawn significant research attention due to the extensive use of antibiotics, which may cause serious threats to environment as well as living things.

scholarly journals Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Resistance Heat-Assisted High-Power Ultrasonic Dissimilar Welded Cu/Al Joint

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li ◽  
Cao
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Power ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Ultrasonic Welding ◽  
Hybrid Welding ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Microstructure And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Power Ultrasonic ◽  
Average Shear ◽  
Significant Research

The Cu/Al dissimilar joint, welded by high-power ultrasonic welding technology, is still facing challenges despite the significant research attention it has attracted. In this work, the microstructure and mechanical properties of resistance heat-assisted high-power ultrasonic welding of Cu/Al are investigated, in order to obtain high-quality joints. The intermetallic compound (IMC) at the interface of hybrid welding is primarily composed of Al2Cu, and the additional resistance of heat reduces the thickness of this brittle IMC layer. The average shear stress for the joint prepared by hybrid welding is ~97 MPa, which is higher compared to the joint strength without resistance heat (90 MPa). Moreover, the duration of the hybrid welding process is shorter. Finally, the fracture of the hybrid weld is found to be a brittle–ductile hybrid mode.

scholarly journals An Analysis of the Success Factors for Passenger Boarding Enthusiasm for Low-Cost Regional Airline Routes

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 6600
Author(s):  
Enhou Zu ◽  
Shao-Yu Liu ◽  
Bi-Min Hsu ◽  
Yu-Cheng Wang ◽  
Edwin M. Lau
Keyword(s):  
Service Quality ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Passenger Satisfaction ◽  
Fuzzy Delphi ◽  
Significant Research ◽  
Cargo Transportation

Airports are important air transportation facilities, providing cargo transportation, aircraft takeoff and landing, and passenger services. Trade liberalization and globalization along with shifting economies and trading focuses have led to the rapid growth of airline and cargo transportation in Asia-Pacific regions. Therefore, Asian countries are constantly expanding and improving their airport facilities. Thus, improving and measuring airline service quality has attracted significant research attention in recent years. The Chinese Government has also actively promoted low-cost tourism, although competition in low-cost carrier markets was bound to be fierce. This not only promoted tourism industries but also attracted many foreign visitors to taking low-cost carriers to China for sightseeing. With international oil prices and regional economy issues, full-service carriers face considerable operational pressure on cost and competition. This study used the fuzzy delphi and decision making trial and evaluation laboratory methods to explore and analyze key factors for passengers choosing low-cost airlines. We considered passengers using U Airlines to travel from Shanghai to Taiwan (Taoyuan, Kaohsiung Far) and investigated service quality, low-price strategies, switching costs, and boarding willingness factors. We found that boarding willingness and service quality were strongly relevant to passenger satisfaction. Service quality should be prioritized, followed by switching cost, to enhance passenger boarding willingness. Low-cost regional airlines need to prioritize improving service quality empathy and service quality responsiveness with limited resources. Performance indicators such as willingness, service quality assurance, and service quality reliability showed significant benefits for overall service performance and passenger boarding willingness.

Advances and challenges of green materials for electronics and energy storage applications: from design to end-of-life recovery

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (42) ◽  
pp. 20546-20563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengyao Gao ◽  
Chien-Chung Shih ◽  
Shu-Yuan Pan ◽  
Chu-Chen Chueh ◽  
Wen-Chang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Promising Strategy ◽  
Green Materials ◽  
Significant Research ◽  
Energy Storage Applications

Harnessing biomass to fabricate electronic devices has lately drawn significant research attention because it not only represents a promising strategy for making materials but is also beneficial for the sustainable development of technologies.

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