scholarly journals Percentile Reference Values for the Neck Circumference of Mexican Children

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 407
Author(s):  
Evelyn Valencia-Sosa ◽  
Clío Chávez-Palencia ◽  
Juan R. Vallarta-Robledo ◽  
Enrique Romero-Velarde ◽  
Alfredo Larrosa-Haro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reference Values ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Additive Model ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Neck Circumference ◽  
Pronounced Increase ◽  
Child Population ◽  
Mexican Children ◽  
First Time ◽  
Mexican Child

Neck circumference was studied for the first time in a pediatric population in 2010. Since then, various countries have proposed cutoff values to identify overweight, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. However, no reference values have been established for the Mexican child population. The aim of this study is to provide percentile reference values for the neck circumference of Mexican schoolchildren. Only normal-weight schoolchildren aged 6–11 years were included. Percentiles and growth charts were constructed based on the “Generalized Additive Model for Location, Scale and Shape” (GAMLSS). A total of 1059 schoolchildren (52.9% female) was evaluated. Weight, height, and BMI values were higher for males; however, this difference was not statistically significant. The 50th percentile for females was 24.6 cm at six years old and 28.25 cm at 11 years old, and for males, it was 25.75 cm and 28.76 cm, respectively. Both males and females displayed a pronounced increase in neck circumference between 10 and 11 years of age. The greatest variability was found in the 11-year-old group, with an increase of 5.5 cm for males and 5.4 cm for females. This study presents the first reference values for neck circumference for a Mexican child population.

scholarly journals Effect of childhood overweight on distal metaphyseal radius fractures treated by closed reduction

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Liu ◽  
Chunjie Liu ◽  
Dongmei Guo ◽  
Ning Wang ◽  
Ying Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Conservative Treatment ◽  
Closed Reduction ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Overweight Children ◽  
Radius Fractures

Abstract Background The medical community has recognized overweight as an epidemic negatively affecting a large proportion of the pediatric population, but few studies have been performed to investigate the relationship between overweight and failure of conservative treatment for distal radius fractures (DRFs). This study was performed to investigate the effect of overweight on the outcome of conservative treatment for DRFs in children. Methods We performed a retrospective study of children with closed displaced distal metaphyseal radius fractures in our hospital from January 2015 to May 2020. Closed reduction was initially performed; if closed reduction failed, surgical treatment was performed. Patients were followed up regularly after treatment, and redisplacement was diagnosed on the basis of imaging findings. Potential risk factors for redisplacement were collected and analyzed. Results In total, 142 children were included in this study. The final reduction procedure failed in 21 patients, all of whom finally underwent surgical treatment. The incidences of failed final reduction and fair reduction were significantly higher in the overweight/obesity group than in the normal-weight group (P = 0.046 and P = 0.041, respectively). During follow-up, 32 (26.4%) patients developed redisplacement after closed reduction and cast immobilization. The three risk factors associated with the incidence of redisplacement were overweight/obesity [odds ratio (OR), 2.149; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.320–3.498], an associated ulnar fracture (OR, 2.127; 95% CI, 1.169–3.870), and a three-point index of ≥ 0.40 (OR, 3.272; 95% CI, 1.975–5.421). Conclusions Overweight increases the risk of reduction failure and decreases the reduction effect. Overweight children were two times more likely to develop redisplacement than normal-weight children in the present study. Thus, overweight children may benefit from stricter clinical follow-up and perhaps a lower threshold for surgical intervention.

scholarly journals A place too crowded to study: The impact of student cohort growth on the probability of university dropout

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-212
Author(s):  
Andrea Diem ◽  
Stefan C. Wolter
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
The Other ◽  
University System ◽  
Pronounced Increase ◽  
The Us ◽  
University Dropout ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time ◽  
Course Of Study

Introduction: This study examines the influence of major fluctuations in the number of students enrolling at university on the probability of dropout or a switch to a different course of study. Findings from the US show that a pronounced increase in student numbers leads to more dropouts. Materials and methods: This article provides an analysis of this relationship for the first time outside the US and for an entire university system. We use administrative data for all the students who started studying at Swiss universities between 1980 and 2001. Results: The results suggest a significant relationship between positive cohort growth and the probability of dropout. A reduction in student numbers, on the other hand, does not increase the probability of persistence. Discussion: Despite the negative influence of a big cohort on the probability of persistence, no statistically significant relationship exists, by contrast, between the change in student numbers and the probability of a student switching to a different course of study.

Investigation of Salivary Cortisol Response to Awakening in Underweight and Weight-Restored Patients with Anorexia Nervosa

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S283-S283
Author(s):  
F. Pellegrino ◽  
A.M. Monteleone ◽  
M. Nigro ◽  
V. Ruzzi ◽  
M. Cimino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Cortisol Awakening Response ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
State Trait Anxiety Inventory ◽  
State Dependent ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
First Time ◽  
Primary Phenomenon

IntroductionAnorexia nervosa (AN) is characterized by dysregulated eating that leads to chronic malnutrition, which may be responsible for several physical complications, including endocrine alterations, such as hyperactivity of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis.ObjectivesSeveral studies have shown a dysregulation of the cortisol awakening response (CAR) in symptomatic AN patients. However, it has not been established if the deranged CAR of underweight AN patients is a primary phenomenon or an alteration secondary to malnutrition.AimsThe aim of this study was to explore the salivary CAR in both underweight and weight-restored patients with AN.MethodsWe recruited 59 women: 18 undernourished AN patients, 15 weight-restored AN women and 26 normal-weight healthy controls. Saliva samples were collected in the morning, immediately after awakening and after 15, 30 and 60 minutes, in order to measure saliva levels of cortisol. Participants filled in the state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI) to test their anxiety levels in the morning of the test.ResultsCompared to healthy controls, underweight AN patients showed an enhanced CAR whereas the weight recovered patients had a normal CAR. These results were not correlated with levels of anxiety.ConclusionsFor the first time, our results demonstrate that the deranged CAR found in acute AN patients is not present in weight-restored ones, suggesting that altered activity of the HPA axis of symptomatic AN patients is a state-dependent phenomenon.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

A Simple Optimization of Triple-Junction Solar Cell nc-Si:H/a-Si:H/a-SiGe:H Using Computer Modeling and Robust Design

2014 ◽  
Vol 896 ◽  
pp. 455-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomy Abuzairi ◽  
Nji Raden Poespawati
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cell ◽  
Computer Modeling ◽  
Robust Design ◽  
Triple Junction ◽  
Additive Model ◽  
Solar Cell Efficiency ◽  
Cell Efficiency ◽  
Junction Solar Cell ◽  
Cell Layers ◽  
First Time

We report for the first time a simple optimization of triple-junction solar cell nc-Si:H/a-Si:H/a-SiGe:H using computer modeling and Robust Design. Firstly we performed a computer modeling of solar cell by wxAMPS software. Subsequently, we investigated the parameters of the solar cell layers and the effect of the solar cell efficiency using Robust Design via Taguchi method, ANOVA and additive model. The results show that the a-Si:H middle absorber cell has the highest contribution of solar cell efficiency at 40.87% and the nc-Si:H n-back layer cell has the second highest contribution of solar cell efficiency at 31.15%. Moreover, the optimum condition for triple-junction solar cell is A2 B1 C2 D2 with solar cell efficiency at 15.73%. These results indicate that Robust Design succeeded predicting the best condition for optimizing triple-junction solar cell nc-Si:H/a-Si:H/a-SiGe:H.

Reference values of impulse oscillometry in Mexican children

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. S76
Author(s):  
L.G. Gochicoa ◽  
L. Torre-Bouscoulet ◽  
G. Cantú González ◽  
J.L. Alonso Gómez ◽  
P.J. Larios Castañeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reference Values ◽  
Impulse Oscillometry ◽  
Mexican Children

scholarly journals Pediatric Synovial Sarcoma in the Retropharyngeal Space: A Rare and Unusual Presentation

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Sanjay Vaid ◽  
Neelam Vaid ◽  
Sanjay Desai ◽  
Varada Vaze
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Synovial Sarcoma ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Retropharyngeal Space ◽  
Imaging Findings ◽  
Head And Neck Region ◽  
English Medical Literature ◽  
Synovial Sarcomas ◽  
First Time

Synovial sarcomas in the head and neck are extremely rare tumors, especially in the pediatric population. 3–5% of synovial sarcomas occur in the head and neck region displaying varied imaging and histopathological features resulting in frequent misdiagnosis. These tumors have a poor prognosis; hence early diagnosis and accurate classification based on imaging, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry are critical for prompt treatment. To the best of our knowledge, imaging findings of pediatric retropharyngeal lipomatous synovial sarcoma have not been reported to date in English medical literature. We report, for the first time, a rare case of retropharyngeal lipomatous synovial sarcoma in a ten-year-old child and discuss the case-specific imaging findings in our patient using magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography.

scholarly journals A Healthy Diet Is Not More Expensive than Less Healthy Options: Cost-Analysis of Different Dietary Patterns in Mexican Children and Adolescents

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 3871
Author(s):  
Patricia Clark ◽  
Carlos F. Mendoza-Gutiérrez ◽  
Diana Montiel-Ojeda ◽  
Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez ◽  
Desirée López-González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Healthy Diet ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mexican Children ◽  
The Cost

Unhealthy diets are recognized as a major risk factor for many diseases. The decrease in costs of industrialized products, as well as the possible misinformation about a healthy diet, has led to new behaviors in the dietary patterns of the pediatric population. The costs of dietary patterns have not been estimated in our population, so the objective of this study was to determine the cost associated with dietary patterns in Mexican children and adolescents, hypothesizing that a healthy diet is not necessarily more economically expensive. This study analyzed data from a population-based cross-sectional study of healthy children and adolescents in Mexico City. Data were collected from a food frequency questionnaire and the meal cost of habitual food shopping. Eating patterns were obtained by using principal component analysis. A micro-costing technique was performed to obtain the direct costs of each pattern. When comparing the healthy pattern with the transition and non-healthy patterns, it was observed that there were no statistically significant differences between the dietary patterns (p = 0.8293). The cost of the healthy pattern only takes up 16.6% of the total biweekly income of a salaried Mexican. In this study, no differences were observed between the costs of a healthy and a less healthy diet.

scholarly journals Physical activity values in two-to-seven-year-old children measured by accelerometer over five consecutives 24-hour days

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Gutiérrez-Hervás ◽  
Ernesto Cortés-Castell ◽  
Mercedes Juste-Ruíz ◽  
Antonio Palazón-Bru ◽  
Vicente Gil-Guillén ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Main Variable ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction.  Interpretation of accelerometer-derived physical activity in preschool children is confounded by differences in cut-off points.Aim. The purpose of this study was to analyze physical activity in 2-to-7-year-old children to establish reference values for daily activity.   Methods.  Observational study in children aged 2-7 years, without chronic diseases and whose parents provided informed consent. The main variable was physical activity, measured continuously over 120 hours (three workdays and two weekend days) by accelerometer. Secondary variables were weight status (BMI Z-score) and gender. The relationship between the main variable and secondary variables was determined through the t-test, ANOVA and the Pearson correlation coefficient.  A multivariate model was used to obtain the standard deviation of all possible combinations of values, constructing percentiles of normality(x±s and x±2·s).Results. 136 children (35% of municipality children), 54.4% girls. Their weight status distribution was: 25 underweight(18.4%), 35 normal weight(25.7%), 40 overweight(29.4%) and 36 obese(26.5%). The median age was 5.7 years and the mean physical activity was 591.9 counts/minute. The boys undertook more physical activity(p=0.031) and the underweight and normal-weight children undertook more physical activity than the overweight and obese children(p=0.032). There were no significant differences according to age.  The multivariate analysis showed significant differences(p<0.001) according to gender and weight status. In boys, physical activity decreased as weight status increased. In contrast, the girls in the extreme BMI groups obtained higher levels of physical activity.Conclusion.  The reference values obtained, categorized by gender and weight status, provide clinicians with standardized daily physical activity levels of preschool-age children.

scholarly journals Comparison of Outcomes of Pediatric Catheter Ablation by Anesthesia Strategy: A Report from the NCDR ® IMPACT Registry

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Janson ◽  
Maully J. Shah ◽  
Kevin F. Kennedy ◽  
V. Ramesh Iyer ◽  
Tammy L. Sweeten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Anesthesia Care ◽  
Monitored Anesthesia Care ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ablation Success ◽  
Multivariable Models ◽  
Vt Ablation ◽  
Procedural Outcomes ◽  
First Time

Background - Anesthesia strategies for pediatric ablation procedures include general anesthesia (GA) and monitored anesthesia care (MAC). The effects of anesthesia strategy on arrhythmia inducibility and procedural outcomes have not been investigated. Methods - A multicenter retrospective study was performed, utilizing data from the NCDR ® IMPACT Registry. Data from subjects 1-21 years undergoing elective first-time electrophysiology study (EPS) for evaluation of documented SVT, EAT, or PVC/VT from 4/1/16-12/31/19 were included, excluding cases with WPW, congenital heart disease, and/or cardiomyopathy. The primary outcome was a negative EPS, defined as failure to induce the clinical tachyarrhythmia. Secondary outcomes included ablation success and adverse events (AE). Results - 6621 subjects from 78 centers were evaluated: 49% male; mean age 13.3±3.8 years. GA was utilized in 5913 (89%), with MAC in 708 (11%). A negative EPS occurred in 9% of cases overall, with no difference by anesthesia strategy (9% GA vs. 10% MAC, p=0.2). In SVT and EAT, there was no significant difference in likelihood of a negative EPS by anesthesia strategy. In PVC/VT, there was a higher rate of negative EPS under GA (28% GA vs. 16% MAC, p=0.02), translating to a higher rate of non-ablation (34% GA vs. 14% MAC, p<0.001). In multivariable models, GA was associated with negative EPS in PVC/VT (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.1-4.4, p=0.03), but not in SVT or EAT. Acute ablation success was not different between strategies (94% GA vs. 94% MAC, p=0.2). Major AE were rare, with no differences between GA and MAC. Conclusions - In this first report on pediatric ablation data in IMPACT, there were no differences between GA and MAC in SVT or EAT inducibility, acute ablation success, or major AE. GA was associated with higher rates of non-inducibility and non-ablation in PVC/VT cases. A MAC strategy should be considered for PVC/VT ablation in the pediatric population.

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