Healthy Habits and Emotional Balance in Women during the Postpartum Period: Differences between Term and Preterm Delivery

Breastfeeding could be considered as a vulnerable period, rising the risk to shift from optimism to pessimism. Preterm delivery is an event that increases postpartum maternal stress and depression, which can have a negative impact on breastfeeding and maternal–filial wellbeing. The adherence to healthy habits may have a positive influence on this vulnerable population. We aimed to analyze the impact of prematurity on maternal psychological aspects during postpartum and to study if adherence to the Healthy Food Pyramid influences psychological variables. Fifty-five breastfeeding women being attended in the Hospital Clínico San Carlos (Madrid, Spain) were recruited during the first day postpartum. The medical data were collected from the obstetrical records. The women answered an auto-administered questionnaire with several sections: sociodemographic characteristics, Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and Life Orientation Test (LOT), at 14 days and 6 months postpartum, Adherence to the Healthy Food Pyramid Questionnaire (AP-Q) at 28 days postpartum and the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) at 6 months postpartum. The PSS and LOT scores were not statistically different in mothers with preterm compared to term delivery either at 14 days or at 6 months postpartum. Longitudinally, the PSS did not show significant differences, but the LOT score was lower at 6 months compared to 14 days postpartum (p-Value = 0.046). A higher EPDS score was significantly found in mothers with preterm delivery (9.0 ± 4.7) than those with a term delivery (5.4 ± 4.2; p-value = 0.040). A significant and positive correlation was observed between the AP-Q score and LOT both at 14 days and 6 months postpartum. Conclusively, maternal optimism decreases during the postpartum period, women with preterm delivery being at risk of postpartum depression. Furthermore, there is a relationship between optimism and adherence to healthy habits. Healthcare professional counseling is essential during the entire breastfeeding period, particularly in vulnerable mothers with preterm delivery.

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The impact of migration on women’s mental health in the postpartum period

Revista de Saúde Pública ◽

10.1590/s1518-8787.2016050005617 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 50 (0) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Lígia Moreira Almeida ◽

Cristina Costa-Santos ◽

José Peixoto Caldas ◽

Sónia Dias ◽

Diogo Ayres-de-Campos

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Social Support ◽

Postpartum Depression ◽

Perceived Stress ◽

Psychological Health ◽

Postpartum Period ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Public Hospitals ◽

Increased Risk ◽

The Impact

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To assess the influence of I mmigration on the psychological health of women after childbirth. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, immigrant and Portuguese-native women delivering in the four public hospitals of the metropolitan area of Porto, Portugal, were contacted by telephone between February and December 2012 during the first postpartum month to schedule a home visit and fill in a questionnaire. Most immigrant (76.1%) and Portuguese mothers (80.0%) agreed to participate and with the visits, thus a total of 89 immigrants and 188 Portuguese women were included in the study. The questionnaire included the application of four validated scales: Mental Health Inventory-5, Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale, Perceived Stress Scale, and Scale of Satisfaction with Social Support. Statistical analysis included t-test and Chi-square or Fisher’s test, and logistic regression models. RESULTS Immigrants had an increased risk of postpartum depression (OR = 6.444, 95%CI 1.858–22.344), and of low satisfaction with social support (OR = 6.118, 95%CI 1.991–18.798). We did not perceive any associations between migrant state, perceived stress, and impoverished mental health. CONCLUSIONS Immigrant mothers have increased vulnerabilities in the postpartum period, resulting in an increased risk of postpartum depression and lesser satisfaction with the received social support.

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Is there a relationship between gestational diabetes and postpartum depression?

Current Women s Health Reviews ◽

10.2174/1573404816999200918115133 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 ◽

Author(s):

Salman Khazaei ◽

Erfan Ayubi ◽

Saeid Bashirian ◽

Ronak Hamzehei ◽

Ensiyeh Jenabi

Keyword(s):

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Postpartum Depression ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

University Education ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Relationship

Background: The relationship between gestational diabetes and postpartum depression (PPD) is poorly understood and seldom studied. Objective: In an effort to explore this issue, the present study investigated the relationship between gestational diabetes and PPD. Methods: The present cross-sectional study was performed with 342 women who were referred to four urban health centers of Hamadan city, west of Iran. We used convenience sampling as a method to recruit women in each health center. We used a researcher-made checklist for gathering data on socio-demographic characteristics and potential risk factors of PPD. The Persian validated version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was used to assess PPD. Univariate and multivariable binary logistic regression was applied to estimate the odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval [CI]). Results: Gestational diabetes was identified as the most important risk factor for PPD with OR (95% CI) of 2.19 (1.11, 4.31); P-value=0.02 after adjusting for other variables. Moreover, the adjusted odds ratio showed that PPD among lesseducated women (primary school) was 3.5 times higher compared to women with a university education (OR=3.54, 95% CI: 1.27, 9.84; P-value=0.01). Conclusion: Our findings suggested that PPD is more likely among women with gestational diabetes and those who were less educated. Interventional and educational activities for reducing the risk of PPD can be targeted for use with this population.

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Faktor Prediktor Terjadinya Depresi Postpartum di Rumah Sakit Panti Rapih Yogyakarta

I Care Jurnal Keperawatan STIKes Panti Rapih ◽

10.46668/jurkes.v1i1.39 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 61-70

Author(s):

Agnes Mahayanti ◽

Intansari Nurjannah ◽

Widyawati

Keyword(s):

Marital Satisfaction ◽

Postpartum Depression ◽

Postpartum Period ◽

Statistical Tests ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Psychological Adaptation ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Postpartum Blues

Background: The postpartum period was a physical and psychological adaptation process. Psychological disturbances could present in form of postpartum blues, postpartum depression, and postpartum psychosis. Objective: The objective of this research was to determine the incidence of postpartum depression, identify predictors of postpartum depression and identify the dominant predictors of postpartum depression. Methods: this research used a cross sectional design. Sample were pregnant women which were chosen by random sampling technique. Data was collected with questionnaire to measure the predictors of postpartum depression was carried out with the Revision Postpartum Depression Predictors Inventory (PDPI) questionnaire and to measure depression scores used with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Data analysis was done by univariate and bivariate analysis with with chi-square statistical tests and multivariate with logistic regression tests. Results: The results showed that the significant predictors were economic status, self-esteem, marital satisfaction, postpartum blues, and prenatal depression. The dominant predictor factor is satisfaction in marriage with a t value of 2.778 times. Conclusion: The results of the study show that marital satisfaction is a dominant predictor of postpartum depression, indicating that marital satisfaction or relationship quality is one of the important support systems because of the need for partner involvement in care actions during the pregnancy period until with the puerperium as efforts to prevent postpartum depression. Keywords: postpartum depression, postpartum period, postpartum bues

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Impact of the 2017 ACC/AHA Guideline for High Blood Pressure on Evaluating Gestational Hypertension–Associated Risks for Newborns and Mothers

Circulation Research ◽

10.1161/circresaha.119.314682 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 125 (2) ◽

pp. 184-194 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Jie Hu ◽

Yuanyuan Li ◽

Bin Zhang ◽

Tongzhang Zheng ◽

Jun Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Preterm Delivery ◽

High Blood Pressure ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Small For Gestational Age ◽

Gestational Hypertension ◽

Blood Pressure Elevation ◽

Early Term ◽

Term Delivery ◽

The Impact

Rationale: In 2017, the American College of Cardiology (ACC)/American Heart Association (AHA) released a new hypertension guideline for nonpregnant adults, using lower blood pressure values to identify hypertension. However, the impact of this new guideline on the diagnosis of gestational hypertension and the associated maternal and neonatal risks are unknown. Objective: To estimate the impact of adopting the 2017 ACC/AHA guideline on detecting gestational blood pressure elevations and the relationship with maternal and neonatal risk in the perinatal period using a retrospective cohort design. Methods and Results: This study included 16 345 women from China. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures of each woman were measured at up to 22 prenatal care visits across different stages of pregnancy. Logistic and linear regressions were used to estimate associations of blood pressure categories with the risk of preterm delivery, early-term delivery, and small for gestational age, and indicators of maternal liver, renal, and coagulation functions during pregnancy. We identified 4100 (25.1%) women with gestational hypertension using the 2017 ACC/AHA guideline, compared with 4.2% using the former definition. Gestational hypertension, but not elevated blood pressure (subclinical blood pressure elevation), was significantly associated with altered indicators of liver, renal, and coagulation functions during pregnancy for mothers and increased risk of adverse birth outcomes for newborns; adjusted odds ratios (95% CIs) for gestational hypertension stage 2 were 2.23 (1.18–4.24) for preterm delivery, 2.05 (1.67–2.53) for early-term delivery, and 1.43 (1.13–1.81) for small for gestational age. Conclusions: Adopting the 2017 ACC/AHA guideline would result in a substantial increase in the prevalence of gestational hypertension; subclinical blood pressure elevations during late pregnancy were not associated with increased maternal and neonatal risk in this cohort. Therefore, the 2017 ACC/AHA guideline may improve the detection of high blood pressure during pregnancy and the efforts to reduce maternal and neonatal risk. Replications in other populations are required.

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Implications of violence experience in postpartum depression

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckaa166.953 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽

Author(s):

D Fraga ◽

F Marabotti ◽

Costa Leite ◽

R de Cássia ◽

Duarte Lima ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Postpartum Depression ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Maternity Hospital ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

World Health ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Female Population ◽

Symptoms Of Depression ◽

High Prevalence ◽

The Impact

Abstract Introduction The violence against women is an exacerbating factor in public health that affects a third of the world's female population, and the intimate partner is the main perpetrator. Researches show the impact of violence in the victims' health, such as: postpartum depression (PPD). In this context, considering the importance and magnitude of the experience of violence and its impact on health, as well as depression negatively impacted on the health of the mother and baby, justify it to carry out this study. Objective To identify the prevalence of symptoms of PPD among puerperal women and to examine the association with violence experience. Methods This is a cross-sectional study, performed with 330 puerperal women admitted to a municipal maternity hospital in Cariacica - State of Espírito Santo, Brazil. Data collection was conducted by duly trained interviewers, using a form containing data on socioeconomic, behavioral and clinical characterization. In order to track violence acts, in life and in pregnancy, practiced by the intimate partner, we applied the World Health Organization instrument, which enables the identification of psychological, physical and sexual violence acts. The identification of the outcome under study, postpartum depression, was obtained by means of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. The data collected were analyzed through the Stata 13.0 program, where the following tests were performed: Pearson chi-squared test and Poisson regression. Results a rate of 36.7% of participants (95% CI: 31.6-42.0) showed symptoms of postpartum depression. Women who experienced violence from their partners throughout their lives had 1.9 times more prevalence of symptoms of depression. Those who experienced aggression during pregnancy showed an increase of 38.0% of this illness (p = 0.037). Conclusions The data presented reveal the high prevalence of women with symptoms of PPD and that violence experience was associated with higher frequencies of this event. Key messages Women who experienced violence from their partners throughout their lives had 1.9 times more prevalence of symptoms of depression. The data presented reveal the high prevalence of women with symptoms of postpartum depression and that violence experience was associated with higher frequencies of this event.

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Pregnancy, perinatal and postpartum complications as determinants of postpartum depression: the Rhea mother–child cohort in Crete, Greece

Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences ◽

10.1017/s2045796016001062 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 27 (3) ◽

pp. 244-255 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

K. Koutra ◽

M. Vassilaki ◽

V. Georgiou ◽

A. Koutis ◽

P. Bitsios ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Postpartum Depression ◽

Postpartum Period ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Effective Prevention ◽

Maternal Mood ◽

Early Postpartum Period ◽

Early Postpartum ◽

Wide Range ◽

Clinical Records

Aims.Few epidemiological studies evaluated associations between perinatal complications and maternal mood at the early postpartum period and the findings are inconsistent. We aimed at investigating a wide range of complications during pregnancy, at delivery, and at the early postpartum period as determinants of postpartum depression (PPD) at 8 weeks postpartum.Methods.A total of 1037 women who enrolled in the Rhea mother–child cohort in Crete, Greece participated in the present study. Information on pregnancy, perinatal and postpartum complications was obtained from clinical records or by questionnaires. Postpartum depressive symptoms were assessed at 8 weeks postpartum using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Multivariable linear and logistic regression models were fit to estimate the association between pregnancy, perinatal and postpartum complications and maternal depressive symptoms, adjusting also for potential confounders.Results.The prevalence of women with probable depression (EPDS score ≥ 13) was 13.6% at 8 weeks postpartum. Gestational hypertension and/or preeclampsia (β coefficient 1.86, 95% CI: 0.32, 3.41) and breastfeeding difficulties (β coefficient 0.77, 95% CI: 0.02, 1.53) were significantly associated with higher PPD symptoms. Sleep patterns during pregnancy, such as sleep deprivation (OR = 3.57, 95% CI: 1.91, 6.67) and snoring (OR = 1.81, 95% CI: 1.11, 2.93), and breastfeeding duration less than 2 months (OR = 1.77, 95% CI: 1.19, 2.64) were significantly associated with increase in the odds for PPD. Some other complications, such as unplanned pregnancy and hospitalisation during pregnancy were also associated with EPDS score, but these associations were explained by socio-demographic characteristics of the mother.Conclusions.We found that several pregnancy, perinatal and postpartum complications may have an adverse effect on maternal mood at the early postpartum period. These findings have considerable implications for developing effective prevention and early psychoeducational intervention strategies for women at risk of developing PPD.

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Group Treatment for Postpartum Depression: A Pilot Study

Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.3109/00048679609065055 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 30 (6) ◽

pp. 852-860 ◽

Cited By ~ 73

Author(s):

Ingrid Meager ◽

Jeannette Milgrom

Keyword(s):

Pilot Study ◽

Postpartum Depression ◽

Treatment Program ◽

Group Treatment ◽

Postpartum Period ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Drop Out ◽

Control Group ◽

Cognitive Behavioural ◽

Post Natal Depression

Objective: There are few reports on the efficacy of treatment programs for women with postpartum depression, despite the long-term nature of this disorder. This study describes a pilot evaluation of a treatment program with educational, social support and cognitive-behavioural components. Method: Ten women with persistent depression originating in the postpartum period were offered a 10-week group treatment program and compared to a wait-list control group. Results: Following treatment, a significant improvement in depression was demonstrated on the Edinburgh Post-Natal Depression Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, and Profile of Mood States. Several common factors in women suffering from postpartum depression were also identified, as were drop-out characteristics. Conclusion: These results are encouraging and suggest that a cognitive-behavioural group program might be effective as a treatment for depression in the postpartum period. However, further detailed studies are required to confirm this pilot study.

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the differences of intrapartum types to the risk of postpartum depression on primiparous mother in public hospital of yogyakarta municipality

Jurnal Formil (Forum Ilmiah) Kesmas Respati ◽

10.35842/formil.v4i2.264 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 107

Author(s):

Chici Riansih ◽

Sri Nabawiyati nurul Makiyah ◽

Farida Kartini

Keyword(s):

Postpartum Depression ◽

Public Hospital ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Observational Research ◽

Sectio Caesarea ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

P Value ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Vacuum Extraction ◽

Postpartum Mothers

Postpartum depression is one of serious problems that women experience after giving birth. Depression symptoms found in postpartum mothers include sadness, anxiety, crying, temperament, lack of appetite, insomnia, and inattentive to the baby. It is a part of the symptoms of maternal psychological disorders that lead to the postpartum depression. This study used quantitative research with analytic observational research design. The population of primiparous postpartum mothers is 60 people consisting of 20 postpartum mothers of Sectio Caesarea, 20 spontaneous postpartum mothers, and 20 vacuum extraction postpartum mothers in the Public Hospital of Yogyakarta Municipality. The sampling teachnique used consecutive sampling. The study utilized Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) questionnaire. Bivariate analysis used ANOVA statistical test followed by post hoc test and Chi-Square test with 95% of confidence level. The results of the analysis show Respondents data who were at risk of postpartum depression in Sectio Caesarea intrapartum (16 or 80%) compared to vacuum extraction intrapartum (5 or 13%) and spontaneous intrapartum (7 or 35%). There was a difference on the type of Sectio Caesarea intrapartum with spontaneous intrapartum and vacuum extraction with the risk of postpartum depression of p-value = 0.001 (p <0.05). The difference of the risk was significant on the type of Sectio Caesarea intrapartum when compared with vacuum extraction and spontaneous intrapartum, while between vacuum extraction and spontaneous intrapartum was not significantly different. The conclusion of this study is that there are differences in the type of Sectio Caesarea intrapartum with spontaneous intrapartum and vacuum extraction on the risk of postpartum depression among primiparous mothers in Public Hospital of Yogyakarta Municipality.

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Italians’ Dietary Habits During the COVID-19 Lockdown: Results of the #PRESTOinsieme Study

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzab029_034 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 233-233

Author(s):

Giulia Lorenzoni ◽

Marco Silano ◽

Danila Azzolina ◽

Silvia Gallipoli ◽

Solidea Baldas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Posttraumatic Stress ◽

Emotional Eating ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Well Being ◽

P Value ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Psychological Well Being ◽

Event Scale ◽

The Impact

Abstract Objectives To assess dietary habits and psychological well-being during the COVID-19 lockdown in Italy, one of the European countries most severely affected by the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods The #PRESTOinsieme project is a web-based survey open to people over 16 years of age that started on the 20th of March 2020 in Italy. Survey respondents underwent a set of validated questionnaires to assess dietary habits and psychological well-being (depression and posttraumatic stress, using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale and the Impact of Event Scale-Revised, respectively) during the lockdown. Results Survey respondents were 5008, with a median age of 38 years. The female gender was the most prevalent (63%). Dietary habits were found to be associated with psychological well-being. People suffering from moderate/severe depression symptoms and posttraumatic stress were found to have more frequently foods high in fat and sugars compared to people with no/mild depressive and posttraumatic stress symptoms (P-value 0.008). Furthermore, subjects with most severe depressive symptoms ate less frequently fruits (P-value < 0.001), vegetables (P-value 0.013), dried fruits (P-value < 0.001), and milk-based products. Conclusions Present results showed a strict relationship between dietary habits and psychological well-being during the COVID-19 lockdown in Italy. Such a relationship could be interpreted as emotional eating, which has been frequently reported during the lockdown, showing that depressed people are more prone to emotional eating habits. Present results claim the need to develop public programs of psychological support for the community during the lockdown and public health strategies targeting diet. Funding Sources N/A

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Chronic Hypertension, Perinatal Mortality, and the Impact of Preterm Delivery: A Population-Based Study in the United States, 2015-2018

10.22541/au.161538809.92372053/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sonal Grover ◽

Justin Brandt ◽

Uma Reddy ◽

Cande Ananth (STATS CONSULTS ONLY)

Keyword(s):

Perinatal Mortality ◽

Preterm Delivery ◽

Mediation Analysis ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Chronic Hypertension ◽

Unmeasured Confounding ◽

Early Term ◽

Term Delivery ◽

Causal Mediation Analysis ◽

The Impact

Objective: To estimate the association between chronic hypertension and perinatal mortality and evaluate the extent to which this risk is impacted by preterm delivery. Design: Cross-sectional analysis. Setting: US, 2015-2018. Population: Singleton births from 20-44 weeks’ gestation. Main outcomes and measures: We derived the risk of perinatal mortality in relation to chronic hypertension from fitting log-linear Poisson models with robust variance. Risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated after adjusting for confounders. The impact of misclassifications and unmeasured confounding biases were assessed. Causal mediation analysis was performed to quantify the impact of preterm delivery on the association. Results: Of the 15,090,678 singleton births, perinatal mortality was 22.5 per 1000 births in chronic hypertensive pregnancies compared to 8.2 per 1000 births in normotensive pregnancies (adjusted RR 2.05, 95% CI 2.00, 2.10). Corrections for exposure misclassification and unmeasured confounding biases substantially increased the risk estimate. Although, causal mediation analysis revealed that most of the effect of chronic hypertension on perinatal mortality was mediated through preterm delivery, the perinatal mortality rates were highest at early term, term, and late term gestations, suggesting that a planned early term delivery at 37-386/7 weeks may optimally balance risk in these pregnancies. Additionally, 87% (95% CI 84, 90) of perinatal deaths could be eliminated if preterm deliveries, as a result of chronic hypertension were prevented. Conclusions: Chronic hypertensive pregnancies are associated with increased risk for perinatal mortality. Planned early term delivery and targeting modifiable risk factors for chronic hypertension may reduce perinatal mortality rates.

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