scholarly journals Breakfast Dietary Pattern Is Inversely Associated with Overweight/Obesity in European Adolescents: The HELENA Study

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1044
Author(s):  
Leandro Teixeira Cacau ◽  
Pilar De Miguel-Etayo ◽  
Alba M. Santaliestra-Pasías ◽  
Natalia Giménez-Legarre ◽  
Dirce Maria Marchioni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Principal Component Factor Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Obesity in children and adolescents is a public health problem and diet can play a major role in this condition. We aimed to identify sex-specific dietary patterns (DP) and to evaluate the association with overweight/obesity in European adolescents. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis with 2327 adolescents aged between 12.5 to 17.5 years from a multicenter study across Europe. The body mass index was categorized in “normal weight” and “overweight/obesity”. Two non-consecutive 24-h dietary recalls were collected with a computerized self-reported software. Principal component factor analysis was used to identify DP. Mixed-effect logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between the sex-specific DP and overweight/obesity outcome. As a result, we found three DP in boys (snacking and bread, Mediterranean diet, and breakfast) and four DP in girls (convenience, plant-based and eggs, Western, and breakfast). The association between DP and overweight/obesity highlights that those adolescents with higher adherence to the breakfast DP had lower odds for overweight/obesity, even after the inclusion of covariables in the adjustments. In European adolescents, the breakfast DP positively characterized by breakfast cereals, fruit, milk, and dairy and negatively characterized by sugar-sweetened beverages in boys and negatively characterized by cereals (pasta, rice, and others) in girls, was inversely associated with overweight/obesity.

scholarly journals Sugar-Sweetened Beverages Consumption and Associated Factors among Northeastern Chinese Children

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2233
Author(s):  
Xuxiu Zhuang ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Joel Gittelsohn ◽  
Emma Lewis ◽  
Shenzhi Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Normal Weight ◽  
Chinese Children ◽  
Sugar Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Convenience Stores ◽  
Pocket Money ◽  
At Home

(1) Background: The present study aimed to investigate the association between home-related factors, community environmental factors, and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) intake among Northeastern Chinese children. (2) Methods: Cross-sectional. Children with complete data were included in the analysis (n = 901). A questionnaire modified according to BEVQ-15 measured the intake of SSBs. Logistic regression was applied to determine the factors associated with the consumption of SSBs. IBM SPSS Statistics 23.0 was applied to perform all statistical analyses. (3) Results: The mean total amount of SSBs consumed on a weekly basis was 2214.04 ± 2188.62 mL. Children’s weekly pocket money, frequency of SSBs purchase, SSBs availability at home, the number of accessible supermarkets, and frequency of weekly visits to convenience stores were all found to be associated with a high intake of SSBs among all children. Among children of normal weight, the findings indicated that weekly pocket money, SSBs availability at home, and number of accessible supermarkets were associated with a high SSBs intake. At the same time, frequency of SSBs purchase, mother’s SSBs intake, and frequency of weekly visits to convenience stores were associated with a high SSBs intake among children with obesity. (4) Conclusions: Given the potential negative health effects of high SSBs intake, it is crucial to pay attention to home-related factors and community environment.

scholarly journals Percepção da imagem corporal e indicadores antropométricos e de composição corporal associados em idosos

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 525-534
Author(s):  
Iasmim Batista Correia ◽  
Nathalie De Almeida Silva ◽  
Paulo Granges e Silva ◽  
Tarciana Nobre de Menezes
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Body Image ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Body Image Dissatisfaction ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Image Perception ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Body Image Perception

Aging leads to psychological losses and various physical changes that, associated with body-stereotyped patterns imposed by society, can cause disturbances in the body image perception (BIP) in the elderly. The aim of this study was to evaluate BIP in older adults living in the city of Campina Grande / PB and its relationship with different anthropometric and body composition indicators. This cross-sectional study was carried out with older adults of both sexes enrolled in the Family Health Strategy of Campina Grande, PB. BIP was considered as a dependent variable and body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), triceps skinfold (TSF), and arm fat area (AFA) as independent variables. The association between BIP and anthropometric indicators was verified using the Pearson chi-square test (X²), simple and multiple logistic regression, with significance level of p <0.05. Overall, 420 older adults were interviewed (68.1% women), of whom 409 reported their actual body image perception. Regarding the perception of idealized body image, 11 individuals did not respond and 230 were satisfied, since 179 desired another silhouette. Individuals with BMI indicative of overweight / obesity were more likely of showing body image dissatisfaction compared to those with normal weight. Subjects with excessive TSF showed greater body image dissatisfaction in relation to those with normal weight. Women were more likely of showing body image dissatisfaction. Thus, it was observed that variables BMI, TSF and sex were independently associated with body image satisfaction.

scholarly journals Stigma as a barrier to family planning use among married youth in Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 505-519
Author(s):  
Aparna Jain ◽  
Hussein Ismail ◽  
Elizabeth Tobey ◽  
Annabel Erulkar
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Principal Component Factor Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adolescent Groups ◽  
Anticipated Stigma ◽  
Youth Friendly Service

AbstractNearly 33 million female youths have an unmet need for voluntary family planning (FP), meaning they are sexually active and do not want to become pregnant. In Ethiopia, age at marriage remains low: 40% and 14% of young women aged 20–24 were married by the ages of 18 and 15, respectively. Despite increases in FP use by married 15- to 24-year-olds from 5% in 2000 to 37% in 2016, unmet need remains high at 19%. Supply-and-demand factors have been shown to limit FP use, yet little is known about how stigma influences FP use among youth. This study validates an anticipated stigma (expectation of discrimination from others) index and explores its effect on unmet need. A cross-sectional survey was implemented with 15- to 24-year-old female youth in Ethiopia in 2016. The analytic sample included married respondents with a demand (met and unmet need) for FP (n=371). A five-item anticipated stigma index (Cronbach’sα=0.66) was developed using principal component factor analysis. These items related to fear, worry and embarrassment when accessing FP. The findings showed that 30% agreed with at least one anticipated stigma question; 44% had an unmet need; 58% were married before age 18; and 100% could name an FP method and knew where to obtain FP. In multivariate regression models, youth who experienced anticipated stigma were significantly more likely to have an unmet need, and those who lived close to a youth-friendly service (YFS) site were significantly less likely to have an unmet need. Interventions should address anticipated stigma while focusing on social norms that restrict married youth from accessing FP; unmet need may be mitigated in the presence of a YFS; and the anticipated stigma index appears valid and reliable but should be tested in other countries and among different adolescent groups.

scholarly journals Association of Dietary Patterns with Metabolic Syndrome: Results from the Kardiovize Brno 2030 Study

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonella Agodi ◽  
Andrea Maugeri ◽  
Sarka Kunzova ◽  
Ondrej Sochor ◽  
Hana Bauerova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
International Diabetes Federation ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Western Dietary Pattern ◽  
High Adherence

Although metabolic syndrome (MetS) could be handled by lifestyle interventions, its relationship with dietary patterns remains unclear in populations from Central Europe. Using data from the Kardiovize Brno cohort, the present study aims to identify the main dietary patterns and to evaluate their association with MetS risk in a random urban sample from Brno, Czech Republic. In a cross-sectional study of 1934 subjects aged 25–65 years (44.3% male), dietary patterns were derived by food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) administration and principal component analysis. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation statement. Logistic regression models were applied. High adherence to the prudent dietary pattern was associated with lower odds of abdominal obesity, abnormal glucose concentration, and MetS. By contrast, high adherence to the western dietary pattern was associated with higher odds of abnormal glucose, triglycerides and blood pressure levels. Whilst our results confirm the deleterious effect of a western dietary pattern on several metabolic risk factors, they also indicate that the consumption of a diet rich in cereals, fish, fruit and vegetables is associated with a healthier metabolic profile. However, further prospective research is warranted to develop and validate novel potential preventive strategies against MetS and its complications.

Beverage intake and obesity in early childhood: evidence form primary health care clients in Northwest Argentina

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 244-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Alderete ◽  
I. Bejarano ◽  
A. Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Northwest Argentina ◽  
Artificial Fruit

Sugar sweetened beverages (SSB) are thought to play an important role in weight gain. We examined the relationship between the intake of caloric and noncaloric beverages (SSB and water) and the nutritional status of children. In 2014, we randomly selected 16 public health clinics in four cities of Northwest Argentina and conducted a survey among mothers of children 0–6 years of age. Children’s beverage intake was ascertained by 24-h dietary recall provided by the mothers. Children’s weight and height measures were obtained from clinic’s registries. We calculated the body mass index using the International Obesity Task Force standards. The analysis included 562 children 25 months to 6 years of age with normal or above normal nutritional status. Children’s beverage consumption was as follows, water 81.8%, carbonated soft drinks (CSD) 49.7%, coffee/tea/cocoa 44.0%, artificial fruit drinks 35.6%, flavored water 17.9%, natural fruit juice 14.5%. In multivariate logistic regression models the likelihood of being obese v. being overweight or having normal weight doubled with an intake of one to five glasses of CSD (OR=2.2) and increased by more than three-fold with an intake of more than five glasses (OR=3.5). Drinking more than five glasses of water decreased the likelihood of being obese by less than half (OR=0.3). The percentage of children drinking more than five glasses of other beverages was low (3.3–0.9%) and regression models did not yield significant results. The study contributed evidence for reducing children’s CSD intake and for promoting water consumption, together with the implementation of comprehensive regulatory public health policies.

scholarly journals Electronic cigarette marketing and smoking behaviour in adolescence: a cross-sectional study

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 00155-2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Hansen ◽  
Reiner Hanewinkel ◽  
Matthis Morgenstern
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Smoking Behaviour ◽  
Electronic Cigarette ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Tobacco Control Policies ◽  
Contact Frequency ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

The aim of this study was to investigate the association between exposure to electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) advertisements and use of e-cigarettes, combustible cigarettes and hookahs.A cross-sectional survey of 6902 German students (mean age 13.1 years, 51.3% male) recruited in six German states was performed. Exposure to e-cigarette advertisements was measured with self-rated contact frequency to three advertising images. Multilevel mixed-effect logistic regression models were used to assess associations between exposure to e-cigarette advertisement and use of e-cigarettes, combustible cigarettes and hookahs (ever and past 30 days).Overall, 38.8% of the students were exposed to e-cigarette advertisements; ever-use of e-cigarettes was 21.7%, of combustible cigarettes was 21.8% and of hookahs was 23.2%, and poly-use of all three products was 12.4%. Exposure to e-cigarette advertisements was positively related to ever and past 30-day use of e-cigarettes, combustible cigarettes, hookahs and combined use.We concluded that a considerable number of German teenagers are exposed to e-cigarette advertisement. There was a clear exposure–behaviour link, indicating that advertising contact was associated with different kinds of “vaping” and also smoking behaviour. Although causal interpretation is not possible due to the cross-sectional design, findings raise concerns about the current tobacco control policies.

scholarly journals Pattern of Adiponectin, Osteocalcin, Irisin, FGF-21, and MCP-1 According to the Body Size Phenotype: Could They Be Markers of Metabolic Health in Mexican-Mestizo Middle-Aged Women?

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 771
Author(s):  
Lourdes Balcázar-Hernandez ◽  
Lourdes Basurto ◽  
Leticia Manuel-Apolinar ◽  
Sara Vega-García ◽  
Norma Basurto-Acevedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Metabolic Phenotype ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Metabolically Healthy Obese ◽  
Metabolically Healthy

Variations in levels of some adipokines, myokines, osteokines, hepatokines and inflammatory cytokines contribute to abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism. The aim of this study was to determine the pattern of adiponectin, osteocalcin (OCN), irisin, FGF-21, and MCP-1 according to the body size phenotype of middle-aged women, and their associations with BMI, visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and HOMA-IR. A cross-sectional study in 265 women aged from 40 to 65 years was performed. The biochemical characteristics were evaluated in metabolically healthy normal weight, metabolically unhealthy normal weight, metabolically healthy obese, and metabolically unhealthy obese women. There was an association of OCN with BMI (r = −0.107; p = 0.047); adiponectin with BMI (r = −0.217; p = 0.001), insulin (r = −0.415; p = 0.0001), HOMA-IR (r = −0.429; p = 0.0001), and VAT (r = −0.134; p = 0.025); irisin with BMI (r = 0.604; p = 0.001), insulin (r = 0.446; p = 0.0001), HOMA-IR (r = 0.452; p = 0.0001), and VAT (r = 0.645; p = 0.0001); FGF−21 with insulin (r = −0.337; p= 0.030) and HOMA-IR (r = −0.341; p = 0.03); and MCP-1 with BMI (r = 0.481; p = 0.0001), VAT (r = 0.497; p = 0.001), insulin (r = 0.298; p= 0.001), and HOMA-IR (r = 0.255; p = 0.004). A multivariate analysis showed that an elevation of OCN (OR 1.4 (95%CI 1.06–1.81)) and a reduction of adiponectin (OR 0.9 (0.84–0.96)) were associated factors for a metabolic unhealthy phenotype in normal weight participants. Likewise, higher irisin (OR 1.007 (1.003–1.011)) and MCP-1 (1.044 (1.008–1.083)) were risk factors for a metabolic unhealthy phenotype in woman with obesity. OCN, adiponectin, irisin, FGF-21, and MCP-1 are associated with some metabolic parameters such as BMI, HOMA-IR, and VAT, and could be possible biomarkers of an unhealthy metabolic phenotype in middle-aged women.

scholarly journals Comparison of gluteus medius strength between obese and eutrophic individuals: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Ratti Fenato ◽  
Allan Cezar Faria Araujo ◽  
Ana Tereza Bittencourt Guimarães
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component ◽  
Gluteus Medius ◽  
Great Difficulty ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Human Research Ethics ◽  
Hip Abductor ◽  
Lateral Decubitus ◽  
Muscular Function

Abstract Background: The hip abductor muscles, primarily the gluteus medius, play an important role in stabilizing the pelvis during gait. Gluteus medius weakness is associated with biomechanical changes and musculoskeletal disorders. Obese individuals can have great difficulty maintaining abductor muscular function due to being overweight and possibly experiencing a decrease in muscle mass. However, it is still unclear whether the musculature of obese individuals can compensate for these changes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare gluteus medius strength between obese and normal-weight individuals using a digital hand-held dynamometer.Methods: Twenty-five obese (BMI > 35 kg/m2) participants were matched for sex, age, and height with normal-weight individuals. Gluteus medius strength was measured by a single examiner using a belt-stabilized hand-held digital dynamometer placed on the knee of the individuals positioned in lateral decubitus. Three measurements were recorded with rest intervals, and only the highest value measured for each limb was used for analysis. The differences between pairs were calculated, and the normality of the data was assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk test (p < 0.05). The matrices of the variables were standardized and analysed using principal component analysis (PCA).Results: For the strength variables (Newtons) on both sides, no significant differences were detected between the groups (p > 0.05). However, significant differences were detected in these variables between the groups (p < 0.05) when the measurements were normalized to body weight (Newtons/kilograms). PCA indicated that both the absolute and normalized values of strength are lower in obese than in normal-weight individuals.Conclusions: These findings indicate that obese individuals have the same or less strength (PCA) to move more mass, which may suggest a relative weakness that induces functional limitations.Trial registration: The study was approved by the UNIOESTE Human Research Ethics Committee (#1.180.202) in July 2015.

scholarly journals Parent–child cooking meal together may relate to parental concerns about the diets of their toddlers and preschoolers: a cross-sectional analysis in Japan

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Midori Ishikawa ◽  
Kumi Eto ◽  
Miki Miyoshi ◽  
Tetsuji Yokoyama ◽  
Mayu Haraikawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Picky Eating ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Cooking Practices ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
Parent Child

Abstract Background Parents often have concerns about the food habits of their young children. Cooking is a frequent behavior related to dietary activities at home. We hypothesized that “a parent cooking meals together with young children might alleviate dietary concerns.” The aim of this study was to identify the relationship between parental cooking practices (e.g., cooking meals together with the child) and diet-related concerns. Methods Data were extracted from the “National nutrition survey on preschool children” conducted among nation-wide households with toddlers and preschoolers in 2015 by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan. Parents were classified into two groups comprising those who cooked meals together with their children and those who did not. The following variables were compared: taking too much time to eat (slow eaters), “picky” eating (eating only certain foods), inconsistent food intake (eating too much or too little), playing with food/utensils while eating, preferring sweetened beverages and snacks over meals, eating too fast to chew well, not swallowing food, disinterested in eating, and spitting out food. The associations between parent–child cooking meals together and the concerns pertaining to the child’s dietary habits and food intake were analyzed and compared between the two groups. Results The concerns of “picky eating” and “playing with food/utensils while eating” were lower, while “eating too much” was higher in the parent-cooking together group. The intake frequency of fish, soybeans/soy products, vegetables, and milk among children were higher in the “cooking together” group than among those in the “not cooking together” group. Children in the “cooking together” group consumed a significantly greater variety of foods than those in the “not cooking together” group. Conclusions Cooking a meal together with a child may be related to the parent’s lower concerns about the dietary habits of the child, including “picky eating” and “playing with food/utensils while eating,” but may also be related to the higher concerns of “eating too much.”

scholarly journals Financial implications and maternal impact of national recommendations for thromboprophylaxis: a retrospective cross-sectional analysis

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cressida Bond ◽  
Kate O'Brien ◽  
Tim Draycott ◽  
Robert Fox
Keyword(s):  
Risk Score ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
National Guidance ◽  
Postnatal Women ◽  
Current Guidance ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
Individual Scores ◽  
Financial Implication

Background Thromboembolism was a leading direct cause of maternal death in the UK in the last Saving Mothers’ Lives report. National guidance proposes that all women should be risk assessed in pregnancy and after delivery. Methods An audit was designed to assess the financial implication for our service. One hundred consecutive live and stillbirths were identified using the maternity database; 97 case records were obtained. Risk factors were identified and individual scores were calculated, together with the proportion that would have extended measures (low-molecular-weight heparin [LMWH], antiembolic stockings). Results The series appeared to be representative of the UK pregnant population in terms of age, parity, body mass index, smoking and caesarean rate. Antenatally, 2.1% had a Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG) risk score of three or more and would have been advised to have LMWH throughout pregnancy and the puerperium. Postnatally, 40.1% had an RCOG score of two or more and would have required enoxaparin for one to six weeks. The annual cost of stockings, LMWH and sharps bins approximate to GB£44,847 for every one thousand deliveries, GB£2.6 million for each life saved. About 10% of normal-weight postnatal women who achieved a vaginal birth had a risk score prompting thromboprophylaxis for at least seven days. Conclusions These data suggest that the current guidance might represent overmedicalization of pregnancy and that the criteria for thromboprophylaxis should be refined further.

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