scholarly journals Tailoring Characteristics of PEDOT:PSS Coated on Glass and Plastics by Ultrasonic Substrate Vibration Post Treatment

Coatings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Gholampour ◽  
Dominikus Brian ◽  
Morteza Eslamian
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Contact Angle ◽  
Ultrasonic Vibration ◽  
Flexible Electronics ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflection ◽  
Ultrasonic Frequency ◽  
Solution Processed ◽  
Wide Range

In this work, we excited as-spun wet films of PEDOT:PSS by ultrasonic vibration with varying frequency and power. This is a low-cost and facile technique for tailoring the structural and surface characteristics of solution-processed thin films and coatings. We deposited the coatings on both rigid and flexible substrates and performed various characterization techniques, such as atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), transmittance, electrical conductivity, and contact angle measurements, to understand how the ultrasonic vibration affects the coating properties. We found that as a result of ultrasonic vibration, PEDOT:PSS sheet conductivity increases up to five-fold, contact angle of water on PEDOT:PSS increases up to three-fold, and PEDOT:PSS roughness on glass substrates substantially decreases. Our results affirm that ultrasonic vibration can favor phase separation of PEDOT and PSS and rearrangement of PEDOT-rich charge transferring grains. In addition to providing a systematic study on the effect of ultrasonic frequency and power on the film properties, this work also proves that the ultrasonic vibration is a novel method to manipulate and tailor a wide range of properties of solution-processed thin films, such as compactness, chain length and arrangement of polymer molecules, conductivity, and surface wettability. This ultrasonication method can serve organic, printed and flexible electronics.

scholarly journals Reactivity and Chemical Sintering of Carey Lea Silver Nanoparticles

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1525
Author(s):  
Sergey Vorobyev ◽  
Elena Vishnyakova ◽  
Maxim Likhatski ◽  
Alexander Romanchenko ◽  
Ivan Nemtsev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Flexible Electronics ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Colloidal Solutions ◽  
Ag Nps ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Carboxylic Groups ◽  
The Media ◽  
Sulfide Ions

Carey Lea silver hydrosol is a rare example of very concentrated colloidal solutions produced with citrate as only protective ligands, and prospective for a wide range of applications, whose properties have been insufficiently studied up to now. Herein, the reactivity of the immobilized silver nanoparticles toward oxidation, sulfidation, and sintering upon their interaction with hydrogen peroxide, sulfide ions, and chlorocomplexes of Au(III), Pd(II), and Pt(IV) was investigated using SEM and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The reactions decreased the number of carboxylic groups of the citrate-derived capping and promoted coalescence of 7 nm Ag NPs into about 40 nm ones, excluding the interaction with hydrogen peroxide. The increased nanoparticles form loose submicrometer aggregates in the case of sulfide treatment, raspberry-like micrometer porous particles in the media containing Pd(II) chloride, and densely sintered particles in the reaction with inert H2PtCl6 complexes, probably via the formation of surface Ag-Pt alloys. The exposure of Ag NPs to HAuCl4 solution produced compact Ag films along with nanocrystals of Au metal and minor Ag and AgCl. The results are promising for chemical ambient temperature sintering and rendering silver-based nanomaterials, for example, for flexible electronics, catalysis, and other applications.

scholarly journals Reshaping Hybrid Perovskites Emission with Flexible Polymer Microcavities

2020 ◽  
Vol 230 ◽  
pp. 00006
Author(s):  
Paola Lova ◽  
Paolo Giusto ◽  
Francesco Di Stasio ◽  
Giovanni Manfredi ◽  
Giuseppe M. Paternò ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Photonic Crystals ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Light Emitting Devices ◽  
Flexible Polymer ◽  
Hybrid Perovskite ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Solution Processable

Thanks to versatile optoelectronic properties solution processable perovskites have attracted increasing interest as active materials in photovoltaic and light emitting devices. However, the deposition of perovskite thin films necessitates wide range solvents that are incompatible with many other solution-processable media, including polymers that are usually dissolved by the perovskite solvents. In this work, we demonstrate that hybrid perovskite thin films can be coupled with all polymer planar photonic crystals with different approaches to achieve emission intensity enhancement and reshaping using different approaches. The possibility to control and modify the emission spectrum of a solution processable perovskite via a simple spun-cast polymer structure is indeed of great interest in optoelectronic applications requiring high color purity or emission directionality. Furthermore, thanks to the ease of fabrication and scalability of solution-processed photonic crystals, this approach could enable industrial scale production of low-cost, large area, lightweight and flexible polymer-perovskite lighting devices, which may be tuned without resorting to compositional engineering.

scholarly journals High-performance thermoelectric silver selenide thin films cation exchanged from a copper selenide template

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 368-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Chen ◽  
Michael R. Scimeca ◽  
Shlok J. Paul ◽  
Shihab B. Hafiz ◽  
Ze Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Thin Films ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Copper Selenide ◽  
Silver Selenide ◽  
Solution Processed

A high-performance n-type thermoelectric Ag2Se thin film via cation exchange using a low-cost solution processed Cu2Se template.

scholarly journals Amphiphobic Nanostructured Coatings for Industrial Applications

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Veronesi ◽  
Giulio Boveri ◽  
Mariarosa Raimondo
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Contact Angle ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Contact Angle Hysteresis ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Friction Reduction ◽  
Hybrid Coatings ◽  
Wetting Behavior ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Solid Liquid

The search for surfaces with non-wetting behavior towards water and low-surface tension liquids affects a wide range of industries. Surface wetting is regulated by morphological and chemical features interacting with liquid phases under different ambient conditions. Most of the approaches to the fabrication of liquid-repellent surfaces are inspired by living organisms and require the fabrication of hierarchically organized structures, coupled with low surface energy chemical composition. This paper deals with the design of amphiphobic metals (AM) and alloys by deposition of nano-oxides suspensions in alcoholic or aqueous media, coupled with perfluorinated compounds and optional infused lubricant liquids resulting in, respectively, solid–liquid–air and solid–liquid–liquid working interfaces. Nanostructured organic/inorganic hybrid coatings with contact angles against water above 170°, contact angle with n-hexadecane (surface tension γ = 27 mN/m at 20 °C) in the 140–150° range and contact angle hysteresis lower than 5° have been produced. A full characterization of surface chemistry has been undertaken by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses, while field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) observations allowed the estimation of coatings thicknesses (300–400 nm) and their morphological features. The durability of fabricated amphiphobic surfaces was also assessed with a wide range of tests that showed their remarkable resistance to chemically aggressive environments, mechanical stresses and ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Moreover, this work analyzes the behavior of amphiphobic surfaces in terms of anti-soiling, snow-repellent and friction-reduction properties—all originated from their non-wetting behavior. The achieved results make AM materials viable solutions to be applied in different sectors answering several and pressing technical needs.

Eco-friendly, solution-processed In-W-O thin films and their applications in low-voltage, high-performance transistors

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (20) ◽  
pp. 4478-4484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ao Liu ◽  
Guoxia Liu ◽  
Huihui Zhu ◽  
Byoungchul Shin ◽  
Elvira Fortunato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Thin Films ◽  
Thin Film Transistors ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Solution Process ◽  
Solution Processed

Eco-friendly IWO thin films are fabricated via a low-cost solution process and employed as channel layers in thin-film transistors.

Organic–inorganic hybrid thin films based in HfO2 nanoparticles as dielectric for flexible electronics

2014 ◽  
Vol 92 (7/8) ◽  
pp. 806-812 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Ambrosio ◽  
O. Arciniega ◽  
A. Carrillo ◽  
M. Moreno ◽  
A. Heredia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Band Gap ◽  
Hybrid Material ◽  
Flexible Electronics ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Hafnium Oxide ◽  
Optical Band Gap ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Inorganic Hybrid

In this work the synthesis and characterization of an organic–inorganic hybrid composite film based on hafnium oxide (HfO2) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) with dielectric properties is presented. These films were prepared using the sol-gel process adjusting the chemical composition to tailor the material properties, such as the dielectric and the optical band gap. The HfO2 was obtained by the hydrolysis of hafnium chloride (HfCl4) under catalysis of ethanol and deionized water, later the PVP was subsequently added to complete the hydrolysis. Finally the films were dried at 150 °C. The structural characterization of the hybrid material showed a hafnium nanoparticle size around 100 nm into the polymer matrix. The chemical structure and the high purity of the hybrid material were corroborated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements, which showed the bounding of HfO2–PVP. The electrical characterization demonstrated that the nanostructured materials with hafnium nanoparticles improve the dielectric constant in the films with values around k = 18.5. The optical band gap, Eo, was obtained from 4 to 5.7 eV. These characteristics in our hybrid material are very promising for flexible electronics applications with the advantage of its low temperature, thermal stability, and low cost process of deposition.

scholarly journals SCAPS modelling of ZnO/CdS/CdTe/CuO photovoltaic heterosystem

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 660-668
Author(s):  
Z. R. Zapukhlyak ◽  
L.I. Nykyruy ◽  
G. Wisz ◽  
V.M. Rubish ◽  
V.V. Prokopiv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Thin Films ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Modern Literature ◽  
Vacuum Deposition ◽  
Critical Dimensions ◽  
Technological Improvement ◽  
Wide Range

The authors have developed a simple, cheap and reproducible technology for obtaining thin-film heterostructures based on CdTe with a given surface morphology during vacuum deposition, which contributes to their low cost [1, 2]. The critical dimensions (thicknesses) of individual layers of the heterostructure were substantiated, a simulation was performed and a wide range of optical properties was investigated [3]. It is shown that for the deposited CdS / CdTe heterostructure on glass it is possible to obtain an efficiency of 15.8%. Given that thin films are relatively new systems, their study can offer much wider opportunities for technological improvement of photovoltaic energy converters. According to the analysis of modern literature data, the efficiency can be increased by performing deposition on ITO films and introducing nanoparticles of controlled sizes.

Multitechnique problem solving using EDS/EPMA and surface analysis

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1782-1783
Author(s):  
Steven J. Simko ◽  
Richard A. Waldo
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Electron Spectroscopy ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Primary Electron ◽  
Sampling Depth ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Wide Range

Thin films are used in a wide range of modern technologies. Examples include sensors, antiwear coatings, optical coatings, and integrated circuits. A variety of methods have evolved for characterizing thin films in the thickness range of 1 monolayer to several micrometers. Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) or energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) are two methods for characterizing thicker films (>1 μm). In these techniques, the sampling depth depends on the penetration depth of the primary electron beam which can be controlled by changing the electron beam energy. Thin films can also be characterized using line scans on specimens prepared as polished cross-sections or after angle lapping. For extremely thin films (<3 nm), techniques with high surface sensitivity such as Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) are commonly employed. Sampling depth depends on the attenuation length of the emitted photoelectrons or Auger electrons.Electron spectroscopy techniques are also used to characterize thicker films by adding a microsectioning method to the experiment, most commonly ion sputtering.

East Asian Calligraphy Black Ink-Coated Paper as Flexible Conducting Electrode for Supercapacitor

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ren-Jie Xie ◽  
I-Chun Cheng ◽  
Jian-Zhang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Flexible Electronics ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Electrical Conductance ◽  
Angle Measurement ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Coated Paper ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
X Ray

Abstract East Asian calligraphy black ink (hereafter called simply “black ink”) is used to fabricate flexible conducting chromatography paper electrode by a simple and low-cost method. The black ink-coated paper was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, surface profiler, water contact angle measurement, electrical resistance measurement, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The hydrophilicity slightly decreased after black ink coating but still provided good adhesion to the follow-up reduced graphene oxide/polyaniline/chitosan slurry coating for fabricating supercapacitor electrodes. A 1000-cycle repeated bending test with a bending radius of 5 mm revealed good conductance retention. Instrumental analyses indicated that the carbon black in the black ink was the main contributor to the electrical conductance. The supercapacitor with black-ink-coated paper electrodes exhibited an areal specific capacitance of up to 179.08 mF/cm² and coulomb efficiency of 80%. This confirmed that the black-ink-coated paper electrode could be feasibly applied to a supercapacitor. This black-ink-coated paper can be easily fabricated in resource-limited settings, and it provides new possibilities for the use of paper-based electrodes in flexible electronics.

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