scholarly journals Advances in Automotive Conversion Coatings during Pretreatment of the Body Structure: A Review

Coatings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Doerre ◽  
Larry Hibbitts ◽  
Gabriela Patrick ◽  
Nelson Akafuah
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Automobile Industry ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
The Body ◽  
Vehicle Body ◽  
Conversion Coatings ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Automobile Body ◽  
Body Design ◽  
New Generation

Automotive conversion coatings consist of layers of materials that are chemically applied to the body structures of vehicles before painting to improve corrosion protection and paint adhesion. These coatings are a consequence of surface-based chemical reactions and are sandwiched between paint layers and the base metal; the chemical reactions involved distinctly classify conversion coatings from other coating technologies. Although the tri-cationic conversion coating bath chemistry that was developed around the end of the 20th century remains persistent, environmental, health, and cost issues favor a new generation of greener methods and materials such as zirconium. Environmental forces driving lightweight material selection during automobile body design are possibly more influential for transitioning to zirconium than the concerns regarding the body coating process. The chemistry involved in some conversion coatings processing has been known for over 100 years. However, recent advances in chemical processing, changes in the components used for vehicle body structures, environmental considerations and costs have prompted the automobile industry to embrace new conversion coatings technologies. These are discussed herein along with a historical perspective that has led to the use of current conversion coatings technologies. In addition, future directions for automobile body conversion coatings are discussed that may affect conversion coatings in the age of multi-material body structures.

scholarly journals A Study on the Relationship between the Design of Aerotrain and Its Stability Based on a Three-Dimensional Dynamic Model

Robotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Quang Huan Luong ◽  
Jeremy Jong ◽  
Yusuke Sugahara ◽  
Daisuke Matsuura ◽  
Yukio Takeda
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Model ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Vehicle Body ◽  
Directional Stability ◽  
Rigid Body Model ◽  
Body Design ◽  
The Stability ◽  
New Generation ◽  
The Relationship

A new generation electric high-speed train called Aerotrain has levitation wings and levitates under Wing-in-Ground (WIG) effect along a U-shaped guideway. The previous study found that lacking knowledge of the design makes the prototype unable to regain stability when losing control. In this paper, the nonlinear three-dimensional dynamic model of the Aerotrain based on the rigid body model has been developed to investigate the relationship between the vehicle body design and its stability. Based on the dynamic model, this paper considered an Aerotrain with a horizontal tail and a vertical tail. To evaluate the stability, the location and area of these tails were parameterized. The effects of these parameters on the longitudinal and directional stability have been investigated to show that: the horizontal tail gives its best performance if the tail area is a function of the tail location; the larger vertical tail area and (or) the farther vertical tail location will give better directional stability. As for the lateral stability, a dihedral front levitation wing design was investigated. This design did not show its effectiveness, therefore a control system is needed. The obtained results are useful for the optimization studies on Aerotrain design as well as developing experimental prototypes.

Design of Body Structure for New Type Lightweight Electric Vehicle

2014 ◽  
Vol 620 ◽  
pp. 335-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Xia Wang ◽  
Tian Feng Zhao ◽  
Jian Bo Cao ◽  
Ji Feng Shen ◽  
Yan Bin Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Structure Design ◽  
The Body ◽  
Vehicle Body ◽  
Body Structure ◽  
Three Dimensional Modeling ◽  
Body Design ◽  
New Type

Considering the efficient use of energy and environmental pollution, people's lives tend to energy saving and environmental protection, and energy saving electric vehicles has gradually been widely used. Through combining theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, system design and experimental validation, based on studying electric vehicle body design principles, the experiment optimized electric vehicle body design, and reduced the weight of the vehicle effectively. Its performance becomes more advanced, and the application becomes more economical and safe. By using Solidworks software, lightweight electric vehicle body structure of two-dimensional design and three-dimensional modeling was built to reach practical requirements. The body structure design is original and simple, which has good practical value.

scholarly journals ANALISIS ALIRAN FLUIDA PADA PERMUKAAN BODI KENDARAAN LISTRIK GANESHA SCOOTER UNDERWATER BERBASIS SOFTWARE SOLIDWORKS

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Vidsvara Putra Krisnanandha ◽  
Kadek Rihendra Dantes ◽  
I Nyoman Pasek Nugraha
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Drag Coefficient ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Vehicle Body ◽  
Marine Tourism ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Body Design ◽  
Fluid Flow Analysis

Menyelam merupakan salah satu kegiatan yang dilakukan manusia didalam air. Kegiatan tersebut memiliki banyak tujuan seperti olahraga, penjelajah, melihat keindahan wisata bahari dan bahkan penelitian. Oleh karena itu dibutuhkan alat bantu kendaraan untuk memudahkan manusia dalam menyelam atau bergerak didalam air, merancang sebuah kendaraan yang harus diperhatikan adalah komponen-komponen salah satunya bodi kendaraan. Dalam sebuah bentuk rancangan bodi akan terjadi sebuah fenomena aliran fluida yang menyebabkan terjadi sebuah gaya hambat (drag) yang sering dianggap menggangu atau menghambat pergerakan sebuah kendaraan yang melalui sebuah fluida. Untuk itu, analisis aliran fluida pada bodi kendaraan listrik Ganesha Scooter Underwater dengan menggunakan software Solidworks 2018 dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik dan besaran coefficient of drag. Setelah melakukan analisis dengan menggunakan software Solidworks 2018 bodi kendaraan listrik Ganesha Scooter Underwater mendapatkan penurunan nilai rata-rata pressure sebesar 4,25%, nilai velocity meningkat 2,9% dan nilai coefficient of drag menurun 8,38% setelah dilakukan modifikasi desain bodi kendaraan listrik Ganesha Scooter Underwater. Dapat dikatakan desain modifikasi lebih aerodinamis dibandingkan desain standar.Kata Kunci : aliran fluida, software solidworks, bodi, coefficient of drag. Diving is one of the activities carried out by humans in water. These activities have many goals such as sports, explorers, seeing the beauty of marine tourism and even research. Therefore a vehicle tool is needed to make it easier for humans to dive or move in the water, designing a vehicle that must be considered are the components of one of the vehicle bodies. In a body design form there will be a phenomenon of fluid flow that causes a drag to occur which is often considered to interfere with or inhibit the movement of a vehicle through a fluid. For this reason, fluid flow analysis on the body of the electric vehicle Underwater Scooter using the software Solidworks 2018 with the aim to determine the characteristics and magnitude of the drag coefficient. After analyzing using Solidworks 2018 body of electric vehicle, Underwater Ganesha Scooter software has decreased the average value of pressure by 4.25%, velocity value increased by 2.9% and coefficient of drag value decreased by 8.38% after modification of vehicle body design Electric Ganesha Scooter Underwater. It can be said the modified design is more aerodynamic than the standard designkeyword : fluid flow, solidworks software, body, drag coefficient.

scholarly journals Advances and Future Directions in the Clinical Utility of Food Addiction

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 708
Author(s):  
Stephanie E. Cassin ◽  
Sanjeev Sockalingam
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Food Addiction ◽  
The Body ◽  
Future Directions

The body of research examining the validity of food addiction and eating addiction far exceeds the research examining their clinical utility [...]

scholarly journals Innovative concepts for the usage of veneer-based hybrid materials in vehicle structures

2021 ◽  
pp. 146442072199839
Author(s):  
DB Heyner ◽  
G Piazza ◽  
E Beeh ◽  
G Seidel ◽  
HE Friedrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steel Strip ◽  
High Energy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Vehicle Body ◽  
Material System ◽  
Laminated Veneer Lumber ◽  
Hybrid Beam ◽  
Bending Load ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Very High

A promising approach for the development of sustainable and resource-saving alternatives to conventional material solutions in vehicle structures is the use of renewable raw materials. One group of materials that has particular potential for this application is wood. The specific material properties of wood in the longitudinal fiber direction are comparable to typical construction materials such as steel or aluminum. Due to its comparatively low density, there is a very high lightweight construction potential especially for bending load cases. Structural components of the vehicle body are exposed to very high mechanical loads in the case of crash impact. Depending on the component under consideration, energy has to be absorbed and the structural integrity of the body has to be ensured in order to protect the occupants. The use of natural materials such as wood poses particular challenges for such applications. The material characteristics of wood are dispersed, and depend on environmental factors such as humidity. The aim of the following considerations was to develop a material system to ensure the functional reliability of the component. The test boundary conditions for validation also play a key role in this context. The potential of wood–steel hybrid design based on laminated veneer lumber and steel was investigated for use in a component subjected to crash loads such as the door impact beam. The chosen solution involves a separation of functions. A laminated veneer lumber-based beam was hybridized with a steel strip on the tension side. The steel strip was designed to compensate the comparatively low elongation at fracture of the wood and to ensure the integrity of the beam. The wooden component was designed for high energy absorption due to delamination and controlled failure during the impact, while maintaining the surface moment of inertia, i.e. the bending stiffness of the entire component. This approach was chosen to ensure the functional safety of the component, avoid sudden component failure and utilize the high potential of both materials. The tests carried out provided initial functional proof of the chosen solution. The hybridization achieved significantly higher deformations without sudden failure of the beam. In addition, bending capabilities were increased significantly compared to a beam without hybridization. In comparison with a state-of-the-art steel beam, the hybrid beam was not able to achieve the maximum deformation and the target weight of the hybrid beam. Further optimization of the hybrid beam is therefore necessary.

scholarly journals Combination of an Improved FRF-Based Substructure Synthesis and Power Flow Method with Application to Vehicle Axle Noise Analysis

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.Q. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Power Flow ◽  
Noise Analysis ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
The Body ◽  
Vehicle Body ◽  
Total System ◽  
Simple Formulation ◽  
Substructure Synthesis ◽  
Fea Model

In this paper, an improved FRF-based substructure synthesis method combined with power flow analysis is presented and is used for performing a vehicle axle noise analysis. The major transfer paths of axle noise transmitted from chassis to vehicle body are identified and ranked based on power flows transmitted through bushings between the chassis and body. To calculate the power flows, it is necessary to know the reaction forces and the vibrations at the bushing locations on the body side. To this end, the body is represented in terms of experimentally derived frequency response functions (FRF's) at the bushing locations, and the FRF's are coupled with the FEA model of the chassis for performing a total system dynamic analysis. This paper also describes how the FRF's of the vehicle body and the frequency dependent stiffness data of the bushings can be combined together with a simple formulation to better represent the dynamic characteristics of a full vehicle. A classical example is used to illustrates the concept of the method, and the method is then applied to a vehicle axle noise analysis with detailed procedure. The theoretical predictions are compared with experimentally measured results. Good correlation has been obtained.

Spot Weldability Assessment of Similar and Dissimilar Steel Sheets for Light Weight Automobile Body

2006 ◽  
Vol 306-308 ◽  
pp. 899-904
Author(s):  
Dong Ho Bae ◽  
Won Seok Jung ◽  
J.B. Heo
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Fatigue Strength ◽  
Lap Joints ◽  
Vehicle Body ◽  
Rolled Steel ◽  
Cold Rolled Steel ◽  
Steel Sheets ◽  
Automobile Body ◽  
Cold Rolled ◽  
Spot Welded

An effective way to reduce the weight of vehicle body seems to be application of new materials, and such trend is remarkable. Among the various materials for automobile body, stainless steel sheets and cold rolled steel sheets are under the interests. However, in order to guarantee reliability of new material and to establish the long life fatigue design criteria for body structure, it is necessary to assess spot weldability and fatigue strength of spot welded lap joints fabricated under optimized spot welding condition. In this paper, spot weldability of stainless steel sheets, STS301L and STS304L, and cold rolled steel sheets, SPCC and SPCD. Fatigue strength of lap joints spot welded between similar and dissimilar materials were also assessed.

Impact of Electric Vehicle Lateral Dynamics on the Battery Pack

2014 ◽  
Vol 590 ◽  
pp. 451-457
Author(s):  
Sen Nan Song ◽  
Fa Chao Jiang ◽  
Hong Shi
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Angular Acceleration ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
The Body ◽  
Battery Pack ◽  
Vehicle Body ◽  
Rolling Motion ◽  
Rolling Angle ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Mathematical Model

The present work is concerned with the rolling motion of the battery pack when EV travelling on the road. First McPherson suspension system was regarded as the research object with detailed analysis of its structural features and motion characteristics. Establish the mathematical model which could apply to calculating the rolling motion of the vehicle body. Through MATLAB/Simulink simulation software, we could calculate the rolling angle on passive suspension. On this basis, assume that the battery pack mounted on the vehicle body and make it passive connection and PID connection. When the body rolls, the battery pack will produce a certain angle then. Next establish the mathematical model to summarize the relationship between the two variables. Then we set the parameters and calculate the roll angle of battery pack in both cases for comparison. Simulation results show that road irregularities will make battery rotate an angle and PID controller can effectively reduce the angle, especially angular acceleration. This paper put forward a new idea that battery is connected with body by active control on EV, and proves the superiority in reducing the rolling angle.

Fysiologische stressmetingen in de werksituatie: nut, beperkingen en bevindingen

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenz van Doornen ◽  
Jan Houtveen
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Work Stress ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Stress Sensitivity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Limited Extent ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Workplace Interventions

Physiological stress measures at work: relevance, limitations, and findings Physiological stress measures at work: relevance, limitations, and findings L. van Doornen & J. Houtveen, Gedrag & Organisatie, volume 22, September 2009, nr. 3, pp. 275-293 Physiological stress measures should only to a limited extent be considered as 'objective' indices of subjectively experienced work stress. Their contribution should mainly be sought in the quantification of the load on the body exerted by stress, the latter being the mediator of the health effects of work stress. For the most widely used physiological parameters in the field of work stress – blood pressure, heart rate, cardiac autonomic indices, adrenalin and cortisol – their physiology is described, their measurement techniques outlined, and an overall picture furnished with respect to differences observed between high- and low-work stress populations. Finally some suggestions are given with respect to future directions this field may take: focus on individual differences in physiological stress-sensitivity; quantification of recovery, and quantification of the effects of individual or workplace interventions.

Future directions for the discovery of antibiotics from actinomycete bacteria

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Devine ◽  
Matthew I. Hutchings ◽  
Neil A. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Biosynthetic Gene Clusters ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Streptomyces Species ◽  
Genus Streptomyces ◽  
New Antibiotics ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Almost All ◽  
New Generation

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing societal problem, and without new anti-infective drugs, the UK government-commissioned O'Neil report has predicted that infectious disease will claim the lives of an additional 10 million people a year worldwide by 2050. Almost all the antibiotics currently in clinical use are derived from the secondary metabolites of a group of filamentous soil bacteria called actinomycetes, most notably in the genus Streptomyces. Unfortunately, the discovery of these strains and their natural products (NPs) peaked in the 1950s and was then largely abandoned, partly due to the repeated rediscovery of known strains and compounds. Attention turned instead to rational target-based drug design, but this was largely unsuccessful and few new antibiotics have made it to clinic in the last 60 years. In the early 2000s, however, genome sequencing of the first Streptomyces species reinvigorated interest in NP discovery because it revealed the presence of numerous cryptic NP biosynthetic gene clusters that are not expressed in the laboratory. Here, we describe how the use of new technologies, including improved culture-dependent and -independent techniques, combined with searching underexplored environments, promises to identify a new generation of NP antibiotics from actinomycete bacteria.

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