scholarly journals Characterization of Polysaccharidic Associations for Cosmetic Use: Rheology and Texture Analysis

Cosmetics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Giovanni Tafuro ◽  
Alessia Costantini ◽  
Giovanni Baratto ◽  
Stefano Francescato ◽  
Laura Busata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Immersion Test ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Textural Parameters ◽  
Complementary Techniques

As public attention on sustainability is increasing, the use of polysaccharides as rheological modifiers in skin-care products is becoming the first choice. Polysaccharide associations can be used to increase the spreading properties of products and to optimize their sensorial profile. Since the choice of natural raw materials for cosmetics is wide, instrumental methodologies are useful for formulators to easily characterize the materials and to create mixtures with specific applicative properties. In this work, we performed rheological and texture analyses on samples formulated with binary and ternary associations of polysaccharides to investigate their structural and mechanical features as a function of the concentration ratios. The rheological measurements were conducted under continuous and oscillatory flow conditions using a rotational rheometer. An immersion/de-immersion test conducted with a texture analyzer allowed us to measure some textural parameters. Sclerotium gum and iota-carrageenan imparted high viscosity, elasticity, and firmness in the system; carob gum and pectin influenced the viscoelastic properties and determined high adhesiveness and cohesiveness. The results indicated that these natural polymers combined in appropriate ratios can provide a wide range of different textures and that the use of these two complementary techniques represents a valid pre-screening tool for the formulation of green products.

scholarly journals An Integrated Analytical Approach to Define the Compositional and Textural Features of Mortars Used in the Underwater Archaeological Site of Castrum Novum (Santa Marinella, Rome, Italy)

Minerals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Randazzo ◽  
Michela Ricca ◽  
Silvestro Ruffolo ◽  
Marco Aquino ◽  
Barbara Davidde Petriaggi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Complete Characterization ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Underwater Environment ◽  
Complementary Techniques

This paper aims to carry out an archaeometric characterization of mortar samples taken from an underwater environment. The fishpond of the archaeological site of Castrum Novum (Santa Marinella, Rome, Italy) was chosen as a pilot site for experimentation. The masonry structures reached the maximum thickness at the apex of the fishpond (4.70 m) and consisted of a concrete conglomerate composed of slightly rough stones of medium size bound with non-hydraulic mortar. After sampling, for a complete characterization of selected mortar fragments, different and complementary techniques (stereomicroscopy, polarizing optical microscopy, and X-ray powder diffraction analysis) were carried out in order to: a) define the minero-petrographic features; and b) investigate their state of conservation. The obtained data allowed the determination of the main constituents of mortars from a compositional point of view. The raw materials, in fact, were quite homogeneous, as well as the ratio in which they were mixed, confirming the typical "recipe" used in Roman times to manufacture hydraulic-type mortars by adding pozzolana. At the same time, it was possible to identify the various degradation processes we were interested in, namely, biological colonization (bio-fouling) that develops differently according to environmental conditions. Based on characterization phase results, the research will help to develop adequate techniques for intervention (innovative tools and methods for the protection of underwater cultural heritage) with particular regard to cleaning and consolidating procedures to be carried out directly in situ.

Nowe surowce roślinne w Farmakopei Europejskiej. Część 3. Ligusticum chuanxiong (Podagrycznik chiński) – zródło nowego surowca olejkowego

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Halina Ekiert ◽  
Agnieszka Sondej ◽  
Karolina Jafernik ◽  
Agnieszka Szopa
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Ligusticum Chuanxiong ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Anticancer Properties ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Bupleuri Radix

The European Pharmacopoeia, Supplement 9.4, one of the newest published pharmacopoeial documents, besides new saponin-bearing raw materials (Bupleuri radix and Platycodi radix) characterized in part 1 and 2 of the series of articles, lists also other new plant raw materials, long known in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) but earlier unknown in official European medicine. Part 3 of the series of articles presents botanical, ecological and chemical characterization of Ligusticum chuanxiong – Sechuan lovage. Rhizome of this species – Ligustici chuanxiong rhizoma is an essential oil-bearing raw material that has long been used in TCM to treat most of all different gynecological ailments and pain of different etiologies. Professional scientific studies documented a wide range of its possible therapeutic applications, e.g. improvement of the cardiovascular system function, and its antioxidant and anticancer properties. A review of pharmacological studies of this raw material was subject to most attention in the article. The aim of the article is to present basic knowledge on Sechuan lovage, which appears indispensable in professional contacts of pharmacists, medical doctors and phytotherapists with patients.

scholarly journals Effect of plasma nitriding of austenitic stainless steel produced by direct metal laser sintering

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 190-194
Author(s):  
Dorina Kovács ◽  
Dávid Miklós Kemény
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Plasma Nitriding ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Laser Sintering ◽  
Direct Metal Laser Sintering ◽  
Direct Current Plasma ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Optical Electron

A special additive manufacturing (AM), called as Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS), is a technology that produces 3D workpieces using a wide range of different metals as raw materials. The aim of current research is to investigate the plasma nitriding effect on the DMLS produced samples. The direct current plasma nitriding treatment was achieved at 440 °C for 4 hours with 75%N2 – 25%H2 gas mixture. Before the treatment, the 316L austenitic stainless steels samples were ground with different methods to modify the surface roughness. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffractometer, glow discharge optical electron spectroscopy, Vickers microhardness tester and potentiodynamic corrosion test were used for the characterization of surface properties. The results demonstrated that the surface roughness did not affect the outcome of the plasma nitriding, but the corrosion resistance increases with the decrease of the surface roughness compared to the untreated 3D sample.

scholarly journals Mineral Composition and Structural Characterization of the Clinoptilolite Powders Obtained from Zeolite-Rich Tuffs

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1030
Author(s):  
Ewelina Pabiś-Mazgaj ◽  
Tomasz Gawenda ◽  
Paweł Pichniarczyk ◽  
Agata Stempkowska
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Structural Characterization ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Mineral Processing ◽  
Thin Plates ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World

Clinoptilolite is a precious zeolite mineral that has the most comprehensive physicochemical properties among all the zeolite group minerals. Due to these unique properties, clinoptilolite has a wide range of applications in many different industries. In Poland, the clinoptilolite occurs only as an accompanying mineral in the sedimentary rocks nearby Rzeszów. In Europe, the abundant clinoptilolite-bearing deposits are located in Slovakia and Ukraine, where clinoptilolite mineralization occurs in the volcanic tuffs. Due to clinoptilolite’s rare performance, it is extremely crucial to manage its deposits in a complementary manner. In this paper, the mineralogical and structural characterization of the clinoptilolite powders obtained by mineral processing of the clinoptilolite-rich tuffs from Slovakia and Ukraine deposits were discussed. The scope of research covered determination of the mineral composition of the tuffs, structural analysis of the clinoptilolite crystals, as well as textural and physical properties of the powders obtained by mineral processing of the tuffs. In addition, this paper includes the comparative study of the most significant zeolite deposits in the world and investigated clinoptilolite-rich tuffs. A wide spectrum of methods was used: X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), thermal analysis (DSC, TG), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), optical microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM-EDS), the laser diffraction technique, and low-temperature nitrogen adsorption/desorption. The test results indicated that the major component of the tuffs is clinoptilolite, which crystallized in the form of very fine-crystalline thin plates. The clinoptilolite mineralization in the Ukrainian and Slovakian tuffs exhibited a strong resemblance to the clinoptilolite crystals in Yemeni and Turkish tuffs. With respect to the mineral composition, the investigated tuffs showed excellent conformity with the Miocene white tuffs from Romania. The Ukrainian and Slovakian tuffs do not reveal the presence of the clay minerals, which is quite common for naturally occurring zeolite-rich rocks in various deposits in the world. The textural features together with mineral composition of the investigated samples incline that they are potentially suitable raw materials for the sorbent of petroleum compounds. Moreover, the obtained results can be useful indicators with respect to the crushing and compaction susceptibility of the Ukrainian and Slovakian clinoptilolite-rich tuffs.

scholarly journals Modeling and Characterization of Complex Concentrated Alloys with Reduced Content of Critical Raw Materials

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 5263
Author(s):  
Beatrice-Adriana Șerban ◽  
Ioana-Cristina Badea ◽  
Nicolae Constantin ◽  
Dumitru Mitrică ◽  
Mihai Tudor Olaru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Induction Furnace ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Innovative Solution ◽  
Advanced Applications ◽  
Critical Raw Materials

The continuous development of society has increased the demand for critical raw materials (CRMs) by using them in different industrial applications. Since 2010, the European Commission has compiled a list of CRMs and potential consumption scenarios with significant economic and environmental impacts. Various efforts were made to reduce or replace the CRM content used in the obtaining process of high-performance materials. Complex concentrated alloys (CCAs) are an innovative solution due to their multitude of attractive characteristics, which make them suitable to be used in a wide range of industrial applications. In order to demonstrate their efficiency in use, materials should have improved recyclability, good mechanical or biocompatible properties, and/or oxidation resistance, according to their destination. In order to predict the formation of solid solutions in CCAs and provide the optimal compositions, thermodynamic and kinetic simulations were performed. The selected compositions were formed in an induction furnace and then structurally characterized with different techniques. The empirical results indicate that the obtained CCAs are suitable to be used in advanced applications, providing original contributions, both in terms of scientific and technological fields, which can open new perspectives for the selection, design, and development of new materials with reduced CRM contents.

Microstructural characterization of laser-melted/roller-quenched dicalcium silicate

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 582-583
Author(s):  
C. J. Chan ◽  
K. R. Venkatachari ◽  
W. M. Kriven ◽  
J. F. Young
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Shape Change ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Particle Size Effect ◽  
Dicalcium Silicate ◽  
Laser Melting ◽  
Uniform Size ◽  
Cell Shape Change ◽  
Wide Range

Dicalcium silicate (Ca2SiO4) is a major component of Portland cement. It has also been investigated as a potential transformation toughener alternative to zirconia. It has five polymorphs: α, α'H, α'L, β and γ. Of interest is the β-to-γ transformation on cooling at about 490°C. This transformation, accompanied by a 12% volume increase and a 4.6° unit cell shape change, is analogous to the tetragonal-to-monoclinic transformation in zirconia. Due to the processing methods used, previous studies into the particle size effect were limited by a wide range of particle size distribution. In an attempt to obtain a more uniform size, a fast quench rate involving a laser-melting/roller-quenching technique was investigated.The laser-melting/roller-quenching experiment used precompacted bars of stoichiometric γ-Ca2SiO4 powder, which were synthesized from AR grade CaCO3 and SiO2xH2O. The raw materials were mixed by conventional ceramic processing techniques, and sintered at 1450°C. The dusted γ-Ca2SiO4 powder was uniaxially pressed into 0.4 cm x 0.4 cm x 4 cm bars under 34 MPa and cold isostatically pressed under 172 MPa. The γ-Ca2SiO4 bars were melted by a 10 KW-CO2 laser.

Gluten-Free Dry Mixtures with Rice and Amaranth for Children over Three Years Old with Gluten Intolerance

Food Industry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
Sergey Urubkov ◽  
Svetlana Khovanskaya ◽  
Ekaterina Pyrieva ◽  
Olga Georgieva ◽  
Stanislav Smirnov
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Treatment Effectiveness ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Calculated Data ◽  
Limited Range ◽  
Gluten Free ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Organoleptic Evaluation ◽  
Free Products ◽  
Wide Range

Diet therapy is one of the main approaches to the treatment of a wide range of diseases of the digestive system. The treatment effectiveness of celiac disease depends on how strictly the patient adheres to a gluten-free diet. It is often disrupted due to the limited range of recommended foods and dishes, especially for children who are particularly sensitive to dietary restrictions. In this case, the development of new types of specialized gluten-free products is relevant, allowing to expand the diet both in terms of nutritional value and taste diversity. This study concerns the recipe developments of dry gluten-free mixtures using rice and amaranth with the inclusion of fruit and vegetable and berry raw materials intended for the nutrition of children over three years old suffering from celiac disease. When developing the recipes, researchers used various combinations of rice and amaranth flour, as well as fruit and vegetable powders. The rice flour composition varied in the range from 15 to 75%; amaranth – from 15 to 45%; fruit and vegetable and berry powders – up to 10%. The finished product was gluten-free cookies, muffins, pancakes made of rice and amaranth. Organoleptic evaluation showed that the studied samples of gluten-free cookies have high quality characteristics, have a pleasant taste and aroma. According to the calculated data, specialized gluten-free dry mixtures intended for children over three years with celiac disease can serve as an important source of: vegetable carbohydrates – from 26.81 to 55.19 g / 100g of finished products; protein – from 4.06 to 11.82 g/100g of finished products; dietary fiber – from 3.82 to 6.36 g/100g of finished products; and energy – from 158.12 to 333.96 kcal/100g of finished products) The developed recipess of gluten-free products can help to provide children with an adequate amount of nutrients and energy.

Safety assessment of biological raw materials in the system of medicines quality assurance

2020 ◽  
pp. 63-72
Author(s):  
Yu. Olefir ◽  
E. Sakanyan ◽  
I. Osipova ◽  
V. Dobrynin ◽  
M. Smirnova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
First Time ◽  
Medicines Quality

The entry of a wide range of biotechnological products into the pharmaceutical market calls for rein-forcement of the quality, efficacy and safety standards at the state level. The following general monographs have been elaborated for the first time to be included into the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation, XIV edition: "Viral safety" and "Reduction of the risk of transmitting animal spongiform encephalopathy via medicinal products". These general monographs were elaborated taking into account the requirements of foreign pharmacopoeias and the WHO recommendations. The present paper summarises the key aspects of the monographs.

Polymer Chemistry

2004 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Conducting Polymers ◽  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Polymer Chemistry ◽  
Chain Growth ◽  
Crystalline Polymers ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cyclic Oligomers ◽  
Step Growth

Polymer Chemistry: A Practical Approach in Chemistry has been designed for both chemists working in and new to the area of polymer synthesis. It contains detailed instructions for preparation of a wide-range of polymers by a wide variety of different techniques, and describes how this synthetic methodology can be applied to the development of new materials. It includes details of well-established techniques, e.g. chain-growth or step-growth processes together with more up-to-date examples using methods such as atom-transfer radical polymerization. Less well-known procedures are also included, e.g. electrochemical synthesis of conducting polymers and the preparation of liquid crystalline elastomers with highly ordered structures. Other topics covered include general polymerization methodology, controlled/"living" polymerization methods, the formation of cyclic oligomers during step-growth polymerization, the synthesis of conducting polymers based on heterocyclic compounds, dendrimers, the preparation of imprinted polymers and liquid crystalline polymers. The main bulk of the text is preceded by an introductory chapter detailing some of the techniques available to the scientist for the characterization of polymers, both in terms of their chemical composition and in terms of their properties as materials. The book is intended not only for the specialist in polymer chemistry, but also for the organic chemist with little experience who requires a practical introduction to the field.

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