Diversity of Useful Mexican Legumes: Analyses of Herbarium Specimen Records

Herbarium specimens of wild Mexican Leguminosae with ethnobotanical information are an important resource for understanding human–legume interactions. The 525 useful legume species registered in Mexico’s National Herbarium (MEXU) were analyzed using a hierarchical method and represented in dendrograms. Of these, 244 species noted a single use, while 281 species reported two or more uses. Plants applied for medicinal purposes registered the greatest number of species (351 spp.), followed by those employed as animal food (205 spp.), material sources (197 spp.), environmental modifiers (139 spp.), and food and food additives (119 spp.). This study also suggests that a greater number of uses is concentrated in closely related species-rich taxa rather than in less diverse groups, and that certain uses are clustered in phylogenetically related groups. Of particular interest are multipurpose shrubs and trees managed as living fences that satisfy a variety of needs in rural areas. This diversity of legume resources used by Mexican people may be advantageous in the planning and management of conservation areas, since the diversity, ubiquity, and economic importance of some of species have promoted overuse and destruction.

Download Full-text

Phenological displacement is uncommon among sympatric angiosperms

10.1101/2020.08.04.236935 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Daniel S. Park ◽

Ian K. Breckheimer ◽

Aaron M. Ellison ◽

Goia M. Lyra ◽

Charles C. Davis

Keyword(s):

Flowering Time ◽

Related Species ◽

Species Interactions ◽

Spatial Scales ◽

Character Displacement ◽

Future Climate Change ◽

Herbarium Specimens ◽

Reproductive Character Displacement ◽

Closely Related Species ◽

Species Pairs

AbstractInteractions between species can influence access to resources and successful reproduction. One possible outcome of such interactions is reproductive character displacement. Here, the similarity of reproductive traits – such as flowering time – among close relatives growing in sympatry differ more so than when growing apart. However, evidence for the overall prevalence and direction of this phenomenon, or the stability of such differences under environmental change, remains untested across large taxonomic and spatial scales. We apply data from tens of thousands of herbarium specimens to examine character displacement in flowering time across 110 animal-pollinated angiosperm species in the eastern USA. We demonstrate that the degree and direction of phenological displacement among co-occurring closely related species pairs varies tremendously. Overall, flowering time displacement in sympatry is not common. However, displacement is generally greater among species pairs that flower close in time, regardless of direction. We additionally identify that future climate change may alter the nature of phenological displacement among many of these species pairs. On average, flowering times of closely related species were predicted to shift further apart by the mid-21st century, which may have significant future consequences for species interactions and gene flow.

Download Full-text

Taxonomic Account of Datura L. (Solanaceae) in Australia With a Note on Brugmansia Pers

Australian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1071/bt9760415 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 415 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

L Haegi

Keyword(s):

Central America ◽

Related Species ◽

Herbarium Specimens ◽

Wild Populations ◽

Closely Related Species ◽

Current Usage ◽

Identification Of Species

A taxonomic account of the genus Datura in Australia is presented. Wild populations of D. stramonium, D. ferox, D, leichhardtii, D, inoxia and D. wrightii occur and D. metel is cultivated and occasionally persistent. A comprehensive revision of the genus has not been attempted, but full descriptions based on a study of herbarium specimens, plants in the field and cultivated material are provided for each of the six species, of which five are naturalized aliens. D. leichhardtii has generally been considered an Australian endemic but the closely related species D. pruinosa (which may be conspecific) occurs in central America. This raises the biogeographical problems of trans-Pacific distribution. Although the application of names is in accordance with current usage, some nomenclatural problems are outlined. A key for the identification of species is presented. The genus Brugmansia, often treated as a section of Datura, is represented in Australia only by species in cultivation.

Download Full-text

Evaluation of land cover/land use development in selected landscape conservation areas in comparison to non-protected areas

Geografie ◽

10.37040/geografie2018123030295 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 123 (3) ◽

pp. 295-316

Author(s):

Lucia Bendíková ◽

Markéta Šantrůčková ◽

Zdeněk Lipský

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Land Cover ◽

Protected Areas ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Landscape Conservation ◽

Land Use Land Cover ◽

Natural Conditions ◽

Conservation Areas ◽

Land Use Development ◽

Landscape Protection

Qualities of protected areas in Europe are the result of mutual collaboration, and the influence of natural conditions and historical development. Therefore, landscape protection has a wider scope. In addition to the protection of the landscape’s natural qualities, landscape protection also needs to identify human-driven impacts that support or directly affect landscape qualities. We have compared the development of land use/land cover in selected landscape conservation areas, and suitably selected referential areas in four time levels within a period of more than 150 years. The goals were to identify the types of land use that decrease, or increase the qualities of landscape, and to verify the hypothesis that landscape conservation areas, protected areas, have gone through a different land use/land cover development than the referential areas. The results of this comparison do not confirm our hypothesis. The most substantial changes in the rural areas in Czechia took place in a distant past not covered by the dataset used in this study.

Download Full-text

Stomatal frequency of Quercus glauca from three material sources shows the same inverse response to atmospheric pCO2

Annals of Botany ◽

10.1093/aob/mcz020 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 123 (7) ◽

pp. 1147-1158 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jin-Jin Hu ◽

Yao-Wu Xing ◽

Tao Su ◽

Yong-Jiang Huang ◽

Zhe-Kun Zhou

Keyword(s):

Treatment Time ◽

Inverse Correlation ◽

Atmospheric Co2 ◽

Herbarium Specimens ◽

Stomatal Frequency ◽

Co2 Partial Pressure ◽

Material Sources ◽

Quercus Glauca ◽

Co2 Levels ◽

Atmospheric Pco2

AbstractBackground and AimsThe inverse correlation between atmospheric CO2 partial pressure (pCO2) and stomatal frequency in many plants has been widely used to estimate palaeo-CO2 levels. However, apparent discrepancies exist among the obtained estimates. This study attempts to find a potential proxy for palaeo-CO2 concentrations by analysing the stomatal frequency of Quercus glauca (section Cyclobalanopsis, Fagaceae), a dominant species in East Asian sub-tropical forests with abundant fossil relatives.MethodsStomatal frequencies of Q. glauca from three material sources were analysed: seedlings grown in four climatic chambers with elevated CO2 ranging from 400 to 1300 ppm; extant samples collected from 14 field sites at altitudes ranging from 142 to 1555 m; and 18 herbarium specimens collected between 1930 and 2011. Stomatal frequency–pCO2 correlations were determined using samples from these three sources.Key ResultsAn inverse correlation between stomatal frequency and pCO2 was found for Q. glauca through cross-validation of the three material sources. The combined calibration curves integrating data of extant altitudinal samples and historical herbarium specimens improved the reliability and accuracy of the curves. However, materials in the climatic chambers exhibited a weak response and relatively high stomatal frequency possibly due to insufficient treatment time.ConclusionsA new inverse stomatal frequency–pCO2 correlation for Q. glauca was determined using samples from three sources. These three material types show the same response, indicating that Q. glauca is sensitive to atmospheric pCO2 and is an ideal proxy for palaeo-CO2 levels. Quercus glauca is a nearest living relative (NLR) of section Cyclobalanopsis fossils, which are widely distributed in the strata of East Asia ranging from the Eocene to Pliocene, thereby providing excellent materials to reconstruct the atmospheric CO2 concentration history of the Cenozoic. Quercus glauca will add to the variety of proxies that can be widely used in addition to Ginkgo and Metasequoia.

Download Full-text

Chaetogastra cogniauxiana (Melastomataceae), a new Brazilian species from the Chaetogastra gracilis complex

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.511.3.5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 511 (3) ◽

Author(s):

FABRÍCIO SCHMITZ MEYER ◽

RENATO GOLDENBERG

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

New Species ◽

Related Species ◽

Herbarium Specimens ◽

Field Observations ◽

Distribution Map ◽

Closely Related Species ◽

Great Species ◽

Morphological Differences ◽

Great Species Richness

Eleven varieties of Tibouchina gracilis were indicated as synonyms of Chaetogastra gracilis in the most recent work on the taxonomy of the genus. However, field observations and a more detailed analysis of herbarium specimens, including the types, led us to the conclusion that two of these varieties represent a single new species. Chaetogastra cogniauxiana is endemic to Brazil, and differs from C. gracilis by the smaller size, 10–70 cm tall (versus 30–120 cm tall in C. gracilis), dendritic-setose to dendritic-strigose hypanthium and bracteoles (vs. dendritic-sericeous hypanthium and bracteoles), and smaller petals, 9.8–13.4 × 8.8–9.1 mm (vs. larger petals, 16.5–21.6 × 11.2–14.8 mm). In this article, we provide a complete description of C. cogniauxiana, and indicate the main morphological differences between C. cogniauxiana and the most closely related species. We also provide comments on taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships of this species, photos, illustrations, and a distribution map. This work is part of a monograph of the genus Chaetogastra in Brazil, which showed a great species richness and also the necessity of several taxonomic adjustments.

Download Full-text

Applying the Fuzzy Delphi Method for determining socio-ecological factors that influence adherence to mammography screening in rural areas of Mexico

Cadernos de Saúde Pública ◽

10.1590/0102-311x00025113 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 245-258 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Ana Paola Sanchez-Lezama ◽

Judith Cavazos-Arroyo ◽

Cidronio Albavera-Hernandez

Keyword(s):

Delphi Method ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Mammography Screening ◽

Spatial Interaction ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Interaction Model ◽

Ecological Factors ◽

Fuzzy Delphi Method ◽

Fuzzy Delphi ◽

Diverse Groups

In Mexico, regular participation in mammography screening is low, despite higher survival rates. The objective of our research is to highlight healthcare procedures to be optimized and target areas to encourage investment and to raise awareness about the benefits of early diagnosis. Those socio-ecological factors (community, interpersonal and individual) were collected through a review of literature and based on the spatial interaction model of mammography use developed by Mobley et al. The opinion of diverse groups of experts on the importance of those factors was collected by survey. The Fuzzy Delphi Method helped to solve the inherent uncertainty of the survey process. Our findings suggest that population health behaviors, proximity-density to facilities/ physicians and predisposing factors are needed to increase the screening rate. Variations in expert group size could affect the accuracy of the conclusions. However, the application of the enhanced aggregation method provided a group consensus that is less susceptible to misinterpretation and that weighs the opinion of each expert according to their clinical experience in mammography research.

Download Full-text

Taxonomic studies on Zingiber (Zingiberaceae) in China III: Z. ventricosum, a new species from Yunnan, and notes on three closely related species

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.261.2.1 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 261 (2) ◽

pp. 101 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

LIN BAI ◽

JANA LEONG-ŠKORNIČKOVÁ ◽

NIAN-HE XIA ◽

YU-SHI YE

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Yunnan Province ◽

Southern China ◽

Mainland China ◽

Herbarium Specimens ◽

Closely Related Species ◽

Distribution Maps ◽

Taxonomic Studies ◽

Wide Geographic Distribution ◽

A New Species

A new species, Zingiber ventricosum, endemic to Yunnan Province of southwestern China, is described and illustrated. It is similar to Z. oligophyllum, Z. thorelii and Z. xishuangbannaense in having much-reduced ligules, usually elongated petioles, flower shape and glabrous ovaries. Zingiber ventricosum, however, is readily distinguished from its three relatives by having erect peduncles and convex bracts that are inflated at their bases and acuminate and wide-spreading at their apices. These four species belong to Zingiber sect. Cryptanthium and together compose the informal “Z. oligophyllum complex”. This complex has a rather wide geographic distribution that extends from southern China to Thailand, Laos and southern Vietnam and to Taiwan, China. The three previously described species are revised based on a study of herbarium specimens, as well as living plants. Zingiber xishuangbannaense, previously regarded as conspecific with Z. thorelii, is resurrected here. Some of the previous records of Z. thorelii from Thailand are assigned to Z. xishuangbannaense, while the remaining records represent an as-yet unidentified taxon. Zingiber oligophyllum, previously reported as endemic to Taiwan, is now recorded for southeastern mainland China and Hong Kong. Descriptions, colour plates, distribution maps and preliminary IUCN conservations assessments for the four species are provided, together with a key to these species. Lectotypes for Z. oligophyllum and Z. xishuangbannaense are designated here, and the previous lectotypification of Z. thorelii is narrowed to a single specimen. Based on the latest IUCN criteria, Z. ventricosum is proposed to be Critically Endangered (CR), while the other three species qualify as least concern (LC).

Download Full-text

Chemical composition of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray (Asteraceae) and diversity of uses in rural areas

ECORFAN Journal-Ecuador ◽

10.35429/eje.2020.12.7.23.33 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 23-33

Author(s):

María Leonor Román-Miranda ◽

Antonio Mora-Santacruz ◽

Adriana Natividad Avendaño-López ◽

José Sánchez-Martínez

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Production Systems ◽

Matter Content ◽

Herbarium Specimens ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Tithonia Diversifolia ◽

High Dry Matter ◽

Nitrogen Free Extract ◽

Fiber Fractions

The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritional quality of Tithonia diversifolia, a shrub species in the Asteraceae family and the diversity of uses in rural areas. A bibligraphic review was conducted in Mexico and other countries in Central America, South America, Africa and Asia. Bromatological analyses of edible material (leaves and petiole) were performed to determine dry matter (DM), fat, ash, crude fiber, crude protein (CP), and nitrogen-free-extract (NFE). Fiber fractions were determined: neutral deterget fiber (FDN), acid detergent fiber (ADF), hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin, from two locations in Jalisco state and one from Colima. Herbarium specimens were reviewed for knowing geographical distribution and rural uses. Results indicate that even without being legume, CP percentages are high with values of 18.42 to 31.54% with high dry matter content up to 98.92%, fiber values (30.81 to 34.08%) for NDF and (22.48 to 31.69%) for ADF. The bibliographic review highlights its forgae use, for ruminants and monogastrics, in beekeeping for its content of néctar and pollen, sucha as medicinal, ornamental and green manure for its contribution of nutritious, mainly phosphorus. T. diversifolia is a good option for its nutritional value and diversity of uses are demonstrated as an alternative in semi-intensive animal production systems in both tropical and temperate áreas.

Download Full-text

Herbarium records reveal early flowering in response to warming in the southern hemisphere

10.1101/432765 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Barnabas H. Daru ◽

Matthew M. Kling ◽

Emily K. Meineke ◽

Abraham E. van Wyk

Keyword(s):

Flowering Phenology ◽

Cape Floristic Region ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Herbarium Specimens ◽

Closely Related Species ◽

Linear Mixed Effects ◽

The Past ◽

Temperature And Precipitation ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

Increasing Temperature

AbstractPremise of the StudyHerbarium specimens are increasingly used as records of plant flowering phenology, which has advanced for many species in response to climate change. However, most herbarium-based studies on plant phenology focus on taxa from temperate parts of the northern hemisphere. Here, we explore flowering phenologic responses to climate in a temperate/subtropical plant genus Protea (Proteaceae), an iconic group of woody plants with year-round flowering phenology and endemic to sub-Saharan Africa. Protea is widely used in horticulture and is a flagship genus for the flora of the hyperdiverse Cape Floristic Region.MethodsWe used a database of 2154 herbarium records of 25 Protea species to explore patterns in flowering spanning the past 100 years. We used a circular sliding window analysis to characterize phenological patterns in these aseasonal species, plus a novel linear mixed effects model formulation to test how both site-to-site and year-to-year variation in temperature and precipitation affect flowering date across species.ResultsBoth warmer sites and warmer years were associated with earlier flowering of 3–5 days/°C. In general, the timing of peak flowering was influenced more strongly by temperature than precipitation. Although species vary widely in when they flower during the year, their phenological responses to temperature are phylogenetically conserved, with closely related species tending to shift flowering time similarly with increasing temperature.DiscussionTogether, our results point to climate-responsive phenology for this important plant genus. Our results indicate that the subtropical, aseasonally-flowering genus Protea has temperature-driven flowering phenologic responses that are remarkably similar in magnitude to those of better-studied northern temperate plant species, suggesting a generality across biomes that has not been described elsewhere.

Download Full-text

Riqueza de especies y endemismo del componente arbóreo de la Península de Yucatán, México

Botanical Sciences ◽

10.17129/botsci.1476 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 49

Author(s):

Guillermo Ibarra-Manríquez ◽

José Luis Villaseñor ◽

Rafael Durán-García

Keyword(s):

Endemic Species ◽

Native Species ◽

State Level ◽

The State ◽

Quintana Roo ◽

Herbarium Specimens ◽

Similarity Coefficients ◽

National Herbarium ◽

Definition Of ◽

Near Future

Based on exhaustive studies of herbarium specimens held at the National Herbarium of Mexico (MEXU), as well as of the literature, an updated list of the native species of trees of the Mexican portion of the Yucatan Peninsula is provided (Campeche, Quintana Roo y Yucatan). For each species the state(s) in which it occurs is cited. The list includes 437 species belonging to 246 genera and 68 families. An appendix listing 376 excluded species, including 68 of dubious occurrence in the peninsula is provided, clarifying the reason for their exclusion as members of the flora of the Peninsula. The richest families are Mimosaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Rubiaceae, and Myrtaceae; the richest genera are Acacia, Eugenia, Coccoloba, Croton and Lonchocarpus. The percentage of endemism is around 12.3% (54 taxa in 26 families); the families with more endemic species are Cactaceae, Fabaceae, Mimosaceae, Polygonaceae and Rubiaceae. At the state level, Quintana Roo harbors the most species (351). The use of five different similarity coefficients (Braun-Blanquet, Dice, Drive & Kroeber, Jaccard and Simpson) to analyze both the total number of species and the endemic ones, supports the idea of considering the states as part of the same floristic province. Finally, the need to intensify the floristic and taxonomic work, aimed at evaluating in the near future more properly the floristic richness in the Peninsula is pointed out. This will allow a more precise definition of its floristic subdivisions, its degree of endemism and its floristic relationships with neighbouring regions.

Download Full-text