scholarly journals Linearization as a Solution for Power Amplifier Imperfections: A Review of Methods

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1073
Author(s):  
Andžej Borel ◽  
Vaidotas Barzdėnas ◽  
Aleksandr Vasjanov
Keyword(s):  
Power Efficiency ◽  
5G Networks ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Linearization Technique ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Linearization Methods ◽  
History Of ◽  
Comparison Of Techniques ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Linearization Techniques

Development of 5G networks requires a substantial increase to both spectral and power efficiency of transmitters. It is known that these two parameters are subjected to a mutual trade-off. To increase the linearity without losing power efficiency, linearization techniques are applied to power amplifiers. This paper aims to compare most popular linearization techniques to date and evaluate their applicability to upcoming 5G networks. The history of each respective linearization technique is followed by the main principle of operation, revealing advantages and disadvantages supported by concluding the latest research results. Three main groups of linearization methods currently known are feedforward, feedback, and predistortion, each with its own tradeoffs. Although digital predistortion seems to be the go-to method currently, other techniques with less research attention are still non-obsolete. А generalized discussion and a direct comparison of techniques analyzed are presented at the end of this paper. The article offers a systematic view on PA linearization problems which should be useful to researchers of this field. It is concluded that there are still a lot of problems that need to be addressed in every linearization technique in order to achieve 5G specifications.

An overview of Osmotic Drug Delivery System: An update review

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 5426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiren J. Patel ◽  
Vaishnavi P. Parikh
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Life Cycle Management ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Osmotic Pump ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
New Chemical Entities ◽  
History Of ◽  
Novel Drug

The pharmaceutical industry has faced several marked challenges in order to bring new chemical entities (NCEs) into the market over the past few decades. Various novel drug delivery approaches have been used as a part of life cycle management from which Osmotic drug delivery systems look the most promising one. After discussing the history of osmotic pump development, this article looks at the principles, advantages and disadvantages of osmotic drug delivery systems. Then, the basic components of osmotic pump and factors affecting the design of oral osmotic drug delivery systems are discussed in detail. In the later part of the manuscript, various types of osmotic pumps available in the market and evaluation methods for osmotic drug delivery systems are discussed in detail.

scholarly journals The Ocular Gene Delivery Landscape

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1135
Author(s):  
Bhubanananda Sahu ◽  
Isha Chug ◽  
Hemant Khanna
Keyword(s):  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Genetic Diseases ◽  
Gene Therapies ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Fda Approval ◽  
New Information ◽  
Efficient Delivery ◽  
Delivery Routes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Different Parts

The eye is at the forefront of developing therapies for genetic diseases. With the FDA approval of the first gene-therapy drug for a form of congenital blindness, numerous studies have been initiated to develop gene therapies for other forms of eye diseases. These examinations have revealed new information about the benefits as well as restrictions to using drug-delivery routes to the different parts of the eye. In this article, we will discuss a brief history of gene therapy and its importance to the eye and ocular delivery landscape that is currently being investigated, and provide insights into their advantages and disadvantages. Efficient delivery routes and vehicle are crucial for an effective, safe, and longer-lasting therapy.

MicroRNA annotation in plants: current status and challenges

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongxin Zhao ◽  
Zheng Kuang ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Lei Li ◽  
Xiaozeng Yang
Keyword(s):  
Small Rna ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Mirna Biogenesis ◽  
Plant Mirnas ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Plant Mirna ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mirna Biogenesis Pathway

Abstract Last two decades, the studies on microRNAs (miRNAs) and the numbers of annotated miRNAs in plants and animals have surged. Herein, we reviewed the current progress and challenges of miRNA annotation in plants. Via the comparison of plant and animal miRNAs, we pinpointed out the difficulties on plant miRNA annotation and proposed potential solutions. In terms of recalling the history of methods and criteria in plant miRNA annotation, we detailed how the major progresses made and evolved. By collecting and categorizing bioinformatics tools for plant miRNA annotation, we surveyed their advantages and disadvantages, especially for ones with the principle of mimicking the miRNA biogenesis pathway by parsing deeply sequenced small RNA (sRNA) libraries. In addition, we summarized all available databases hosting plant miRNAs, and posted the potential optimization solutions such as how to increase the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in these databases. Finally, we discussed the challenges and perspectives of plant miRNA annotations, and indicated the possibilities offered by an all-in-one tool and platform according to the integration of artificial intelligence.

Advantages and disadvantages of main surgical approaches for robot-assisted radical prostatectomy

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-354
Author(s):  
Dmitriy M. Il’in ◽  
Vladimir A. Makeev
Keyword(s):  
Radical Prostatectomy ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Clinical Situation ◽  
Surgical Approaches ◽  
Robot Assisted ◽  
Scientific Databases ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Robotic Assisted Surgery ◽  
History Of

The introduction of robotic-assisted surgery into clinical practice has opened up new possibilities for the surgical treatment of urological patients. Robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) is one of the most commonly performed robot-assisted surgery. The review is devoted to the main surgical approaches for RARP. An analysis of publications on this topic was carried out using the search engines of the scientific databases PubMed, Medscape, Google Scholar, eLibrary when writing the article The article presents an overview of the advantages and disadvantages of the existing four access options for RARP: anterior, perineal, lateral and posterior, as well as oncological and functional outcomes of operations. It has been shown that a surgeon with different approaches can choose the most suitable one for a given clinical situation, focusing on the stage of the disease, the patients age, anatomical features of the prostate gland, the state of the patients erectile function, and the history of operations on the abdominal cavity and pelvic organs.

Pelestarian Terbitan Berkala Koleksi Perpustakaan Nasional Republik Indonesia dengan Metode Penjilidan “Malaysia”

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-25
Author(s):  
Damaji Ratmono
Keyword(s):  
Field Research ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
National Library ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
History Of ◽  
Research Interviews ◽  
To Come ◽  
Insight Into

Preservation of library materials or library collections is an effort made so that library materials can be used by future generations. This paper describes the "Malaysian" binding method used by the Sub Division of Technical Binding Materials of the National Library of Indonesia in preserving the collection of periodicals such as tabloids and newspapers. Apart from that, this paper also describes some of the advantages and disadvantages seen in the use of the "Malaysian" method as well as the early history of using this method in preserving the collection of periodicals in the National Library of Indonesia. This writing aims to make readers, especially library managers, know and gain insight into the "Malaysian" binding method. This writing method is through descriptive research with a qualitative approach. Methods of data collection are carried out through the field research, interviews, and literature study. The results show that the National Library of Indonesia uses this method after studying it from Malaysia in May 1990. From observations it is also known that this method has several advantages, namely the binding result is stronger, the collection is more preserved, the binding can be assembled and has an aesthetic side. Meanwhile, the disadvantages of this binding method are that the process tends to be longer, more expensive, cannot be put on too many shelves because the collection will shift backwards, the pages tend to come off easily if the stitches are not strong enough, and can only be used in binding periodical collections.

scholarly journals Use of cadaver skin in the treatment of wounds

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-335
Author(s):  
A. V. Sachkov ◽  
N. V. Borovkova ◽  
E. A. Zhirkova ◽  
A. S. Mironov ◽  
V. S. Borisov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Donor Material ◽  
The World ◽  
Cadaver Skin ◽  
History Of ◽  
Decellularized Tissue ◽  
Material Conservation ◽  
Treatment Of Wounds ◽  
Tissue Grafts ◽  
Native Skin

The article has analyzed the world experience and main trends in the preparation of cadaveric skin for use in the treatment of patients with wounds of various etiologies. The history of the question is described from the first attempts of transplantation of the native skin to the creation of specialized banks of allogenic decellularized tissue grafts. Presented are the modern approaches of donor material conservation, specifically, to the principle and topical question: whether the viability of the cells should be preserved in the graft, or it is more efficient to transplant the skin devoid of cellular elements. The advantages and disadvantages of lyophilized grafts have been described, namely the possibility of longterm storage, but loss of elasticity, after rehydration. The methods of cryoconservation of cutaneous allografts, their properties, and acceptable methods of sterilization have been discussed. A perspective technology of graft decellularization has been assessed and the methodologies of their manufacturing have briefly been presented.

scholarly journals M. Mandelbaum and Historiography of Philosophy

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-244
Author(s):  
Marina N. Volf
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Intellectual History ◽  
Critical Realism ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
History Of Ideas ◽  
Philosophical Methodology ◽  
Philosophical Position ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Holistic Approaches ◽  
History Of

The views of M. Mandelbaum on the historiography of philosophy have undergone a certain evolution. The paper shows the epistemological foundations of Mandelbaum’s historical and philosophical position. From the standpoint of critical realism and its application to social sciences Mandelbaum shows the advantages and disadvantages of the monistic or holistic approaches, partial monisms and pluralism. He considers A. O. Lovejoy's history of ideas to be the most reasonable pluralistic conception, although its use as a historical and philosophical methodology is limited. Intellectual history, which replaced it, should be called a partial monism, however, according to Mandelbaum, it gets a number of advantages if it begins to use a pluralistic methodology. In this version of methodology, the history of philosophy and intellectual history can be identified. The paper also presents some objections of analytic philosophers against this identification.

scholarly journals The History of Science and the History of Knowledge

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-90
Keyword(s):  
History Of Science ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Manhattan Project ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Contemporary History ◽  
History Of Knowledge ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Level

The article examines the state of the history of science as a discipline and its objectives in the context of its origins and current transformations. The establishment of this discipline and its assumptions about the nature of science together with its goals and structure are briefly discussed. The history of science became a discipline only at the beginning of the second half of the 20th century, and its start is associated with the work of chemist James Conant, a high-level administrator in Manhattan project who was also president of Harvard University and a high-ranking bureaucrat. It was based also on the narrative developed by Alfred North Whitehead, Edwin Burtt, Alexandre Koyré and other historians of science, which claimed modern science was the creator of modernity and a necessary condition for the geopolitical domination of the West. In that understanding, modern science meant science since the time of Galileo and Newton. The author provides a critical analysis of this foundation narrative for the discipline and of its consequences while showing how contemporary history of science has overcome it. The contradiction between modernism and historicism has been resolved in favor of the latter. A key role in this was played by the book The Structure of Scientific Revolutions by Thomas Kuhn, which held the potential to undo the presumed monolithic unity of science by rejecting teleology and introducing incommensurability and discontinuities into the historical process. By rejecting explanation of the knowledge of other times and places in terms of modern science, the discipline faced a radical multiplication of independent types of knowledge. This was facilitated by the reorientation to the study of knowledge practices that took place in the 1980s. As a result, the subject matter of the history of science began to erode, and this launched discussion of the prospects for a transition to a history of knowledge based on the study of practices. The sweep of this change of vision is illustrated by the example of classifying sciences according to both their subject matter and the similarities in their research practices. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of the new discipline along with its prospects and the challenges it faces are discussed.

scholarly journals A Holistic and Systematic Assessment of Maintenance Approaches in Heritage Sites

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 335-350
Author(s):  
Abobar Al-Sakkaf ◽  
Samer El-Zahab ◽  
Eslam Mohammed Abdelkader ◽  
Ghasan Alfalah
Keyword(s):  
Construction Projects ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Systematic Assessment ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Ultimate Objective

Maintenance approaches of heritage sites (MAHs) on heritage sites have become essential in both the industry and academia as construction projects grow increasingly complex. With a prime goal of increasing its productivity and safety, MAHs research has witnessed tremendous growth over the past three decades. With the increase in research grows the necessity to monitor the research growth of a research topic to identify its trends and gaps, and hence shed the light on research areas that warrant future research attention, there is a lack of systematic literature analysis in MAHs field. To fill this gap, this paper recruited a mixed-review method of scientometric and systematic reviews of research papers on MAHs published from 1990 to 2020 (as of mid of July). Its ultimate objective is to identify current trends, technologies, and techniques in the field of heritage site maintenance and layout their advantages and disadvantages. Additionally, country contributions are highlighted to identify which countries produce the most effective research in the field. Finally, the most cited articles are identified to highlight important topics in the selected time period. As a result, Journal of Destination Marketing & Management has the highest ranking across the different journals in the area of MAHs based on its number of published articles and their citations. In addition, the publisher Elsevier has the highest number of published articles with 58. Results also demonstrated that the collaboration between Ecuador and Spain accomplished the highest ranking, such that the strength link was estimated to be equal to 3. Moreover, the highest repetitive keywords were indicators with 20 times and cultural heritage cities with 19 times.

scholarly journals Synthesis of sequential circuits by using linearization

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 461-477
Author(s):  
Iliya Levin ◽  
Osnat Keren ◽  
Vladimir Ostrovsky
Keyword(s):  
State Machine ◽  
Sequential Circuits ◽  
Efficient Design ◽  
Linearization Technique ◽  
Logic Functions ◽  
Linearization Techniques

The paper deals with synthesis of sequential circuits defined by their algorithmic state machine notation. Such circuits have a number of specific properties which enable efficient design of the circuits by utilizing so-called linearization techniques. A typical linearization technique includes calculation of autocorrelation values for a system of logic functions corresponding to the circuit. For the mentioned sequential circuits, the calculations which usually require massive computational recourses may be significantly reduced and thus low-overhead implementations of the circuits can be obtained relatively easy. The paper introduces a novel architecture of so-called linearized sequential circuits, and a piece-wise linearization approach for synthesis of sequential circuits. Results are evaluated both analytically and by using a number of standard benchmarks.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document