scholarly journals Evaluation of Multi-Objective Optimization Techniques for Resilience Enhancement of Electric Vehicles

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (23) ◽  
pp. 3030
Author(s):  
Akhtar Hussain ◽  
Hak-Man Kim
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Demand Fulfillment ◽  
Available Energy ◽  
Weighted Sum Method ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
Lexicographic Method ◽  
Solution Methods ◽  
Normal Boundary

The pervasiveness of electric vehicles (EVs) has increased recently, which results in the interdependence of power and transport networks. Power outages may adversely impact the transportation sector, and the available energy may not be sufficient to meet the needs of all EVs during such events. In addition, EVs will be used for diverse purposes in the future, ranging from personal usage to emergency response. Therefore, the allocation of energy to different EVs may have different degrees of societal-, community-, and individual-level benefits. To capture these diverse aspects, the energy allocation problem to EVs during outages is modeled as a multiobjective optimization (MOO) problem in this study. Three indices are formulated to quantify the value of different EVs for societies, communities, and individuals during outages, and, correspondingly, three objective functions are formulated. The formulated MOO problem is solved using the five most widely used MOO solution methods, and their performance is evaluated. These methods include the weighted-sum method, lexicographic method, normal boundary intersection method, min–max method, and nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II. To compare the performance of these methods, two indices are proposed in this study, which include the demand fulfillment index and total demand fulfillment index. The former is for analyzing the demand fulfillment ratio of different priority EVs, while the latter is for the demand fulfillment analysis of the whole EV fleet requiring a recharge. In addition, the computational complexity, variance, and additional constraints required by each method are also analyzed. The simulation results have shown that the lexicographic method has the best performance when the relative priorities are known, while the min–max method is the most suitable method if the priorities are not known.

scholarly journals Status of Pure Electric Vehicle Power Train Technology and Future Prospects

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhisek Karki ◽  
Sudip Phuyal ◽  
Daniel Tuladhar ◽  
Subarna Basnet ◽  
Bim Prasad Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Power Train ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
The World

Electric vehicles (EV) are becoming more common mobility in the transportation sector in recent times. The dependence on oil as the source of energy for passenger vehicles has economic and political implications, and the crisis will take over as the oil reserves of the world diminish. As concerns of oil depletion and security of the oil supply remain as severe as ever, and faced with the consequences of climate change due to greenhouse gas emissions from the tail pipes of vehicles, the world today is increasingly looking at alternatives to traditional road transport technologies. EVs are seen as a promising green technology which could lead to the decarbonization of the passenger vehicle fleet and to independence from oil. There are possibilities of immense environmental benefits as well, as EVs have zero tail pipe emission and therefore are capable of curbing the pollution problems created by vehicle emission in an efficient way so they can extensively reduce the greenhouse gas emissions produced by the transportation sector as pure electric vehicles are the only vehicles with zero-emission potential. However, there are some major barriers for EVs to overcome before totally replacing ICE vehicles in the transportation sector and obtain appreciable market penetration. This review evaluates the technological aspects of the different power train systems of BEV technology and highlights those technological areas where important progress is expected by focusing on reviewing all the useful information and data available on EV architecture, electrical machines, optimization techniques, and its possibilities of future developments as green mobility. The challenges of different electric drive trains’ commercialization are discussed. The major objective is to provide an overall view of the current pure electric vehicle powertrain technology and possibilities of future green vehicle development to assist in future research in this sector.

scholarly journals Integrated Environment of Metaheuristics for Optimal Data Collection in Wireless Sensor Network with Mobile Sink

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maamar Zahra ◽  
Yulin Wang ◽  
Bouabdellah Kechar ◽  
Yasmine Derdour ◽  
Wenjia Ding
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Network Lifetime ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Mobile Sink ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Quality Of Data ◽  
Weighted Sum Method ◽  
Collection Process ◽  
Data Collection Process ◽  
Integrated Environment

Maximizing the network lifetime and data collection are two major functions in WSN. For this aim, mobility is proposed as a solution to improve the data collection process and promote energy efficiency. In this paper, we focus on Sink mobility which has the role of data collection. The problem is how to find an optimal data collection trajectory for the Mobile Sink using approximate optimization techniques. To address this challenge, we propose an optimization model for the Mobile Sink to improve the data collection process and thus to extend the network lifetime of WSN. Our proposition is based on a multiobjective function using a Weighted Sum Method (WSM) by adapting two metaheuristics methods, Tabu Search (TS) and Simulated Annealing (SA), to this problem. To test our proposal by experiment, we designed and developed an Integrated Environment of Optimization and Simulation based on metaheuristics tool (IEOSM). The environment IEOSM helps us to determine the best optimization method in terms of optimal trajectory, execution time, and quality of data collection. The IEOSM also integrates a powerful simulation tool to evaluate the methods in terms of energy consumption, data collection, and latency.

Optimal Quick Charging Station Placement for Electric Vehicles

2015 ◽  
Vol 785 ◽  
pp. 697-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Mainul Islam ◽  
Hussein Shareef ◽  
Azah Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Optimal Placement ◽  
Charging Station ◽  
Weighted Sum Method ◽  
Driving Range ◽  
Integrated Cost

Environmental concerns, dependency on imported petroleum and lower cost alternative to gasoline always motivated policymakers worldwide to introduce electric vehicles in road transport system as a solution of those problems. The key issue in this system is recharging the electric vehicle batteries before they are exhausted. Thus, the charging station should be carefully located to make sure the vehicle users can access the charging station within its driving range. This paper therefore proposes a multi-objective optimization method for optimal placement of quick charging station. It intends to minimize the integrated cost of grid energy loss and travelling of vehicle to quick charging station. Due to contrary objectives, weighted sum method is assigned to generate reference Pareto optimal front and optimized the overture by genetic algorithm. The results show that the proposed method can find the optimal solution of quick charging station placement that can benefit electric vehicle users and power grid.

scholarly journals Policy Simulation of Electricity-Based Vehicle Utilization in Indonesia (Electrified Vehicle - HEV, PHEV, BEV and FCEV)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indra Chandra Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Policy Simulation ◽  
Emerging Industries ◽  
The Past ◽  
General Plan ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
The Government

In the past few years, the energy consumption of the land transportation sector has increased considerably. One of the breakthroughs by the Government through Presidential Regulation No. 22/2017 concerning General Plan for National Energy (RUEN) is the use of electricity-based vehicles to reduce fuel consumption and achieve energy security. Successful policy making for emerging industries depends on two main factors: the adoption of scientific perspectives and accuracy to predict impacts. Therefore, this review aims to conduct a study of policy simulation methodologies related to the use of electric vehicles in Indonesia. Also, identification of the gaps and limitations of previous research is carried out and recommending an agenda for further research.

scholarly journals Efficiency of Governmental Policy and Programs to Stimulate the Use of Low-Emission and Electric Vehicles: The Case of Romania

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Ioana C. Sechel ◽  
Florin Mariasiu
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Primary Analysis ◽  
Government Programs ◽  
The Road ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
Low Emission

The contemporary demands for massive reductions in industrial pollution caused by the transport sector, especially in large urban agglomerations, compel local and national authorities to propose, develop, and implement programs and policies that have the ultimate goal of significantly reducing (or eliminating) pollution. The aim of this article is to provide a primary analysis of the effectiveness of Romanian government policies in terms of reducing pollution (CO2 emissions) caused by transportation (due to the “Rabla Plus” (RP) program, through which financial subsidies are granted for the purchase of a new plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) or battery electric vehicle (BEVs)). After analyzing the justification for the use of low-emission and electric vehicles in traffic (as a major solution to eliminate pollution), a comparative analysis of energy-efficient transport for Romania and Europe is presented in order to identify the directions in which it is necessary to develop and implement government policies specifically in Romania, considering a series of indicators chosen and considered by the authors to be important, including CO2 emissions compared with the size of the road infrastructure, the number of registered vehicles, the number of passengers transported, and the quantity of goods transported. With the identification of the ability of government programs to encourage the acquisition and use of low-emission and electric vehicles in traffic, the efficiency achieved is calculated in terms of the net CO2 emissions eliminated (average values of 1949.23 CO2 tons/year and 1.71 CO2 tons/vehicle). Furthermore, this aspect is also beneficial for analyses in terms of the economic costs involved (the associated costs are estimated to be 7034.17 EUR/ton of CO2 eliminated from the transportation sector), identifying new directions of action that are more cost-effective and sustainable and on which government policies should focus in the future.

scholarly journals Challenges in Incorporating Electric Vehicles to Mitigate Greenhouse Gas Emissions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milad Zokaei Ashtiani
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Assessment Procedure ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Transportation Sector

An indisputable fact about our planet is that its atmospheric temperature has risen dramatically during the past century. Combustion of fossil fuels and their subsequent greenhouse gas emissions are thought to be the main contributors to recent changes within the Earth’s ecosystem. The transportation sector and electricity generating power plants are each responsible for approximately one-third of these emissions. Shifting towards a cleaner and renewable resources to generate electricity is believed to omit a big portion of polluting substances. Improvements in vehicles’ fuel efficiency and the introduction of alternative fuels besides strategic plans to control travel demand are among the most promising approaches to alleviate emissions from the transportation sector. Recent technology advancements, however, drew much attention to the production and manufacturing of alternative fuel vehicles, electric vehicles in particular. Since these vehicles use electricity as part of or all their powertrain, assessing the amount of emissions they produce is closely tied to the cleanliness of the electricity source. In order for a valid comparison to be made between internal combustion and electric vehicles, hence, a life cycle assessment procedure needs to be followed from production stages to terminal life of vehicles. Involvement of numerous affecting factors during the lifetime of a vehicle on one hand, and the ambiguity in the exact source of electricity used to charge electric vehicles on the other hand bring about more complexities. The latter case is more commonly known as the marginal grid problem, which deals with how a combination of sources used to generate electricity can influence the life cycle emissions. There are also other concerns regarding the growth in fuel-efficient and electric vehicles. Transportation planners argue that new developments in the vehicle industry may attract more people to owning and driving cars. This phenomenon which is better known as a rebound effect not only will result in increased traffic congestion, but it can also outpace the environmental benefits from utilizing electric vehicles. Moreover, since fuel taxes comprise the majority of Highway Trust Funds, alternative ways to compensate for state and federal revenues should be devised. This paper is an attempt to review the existing literature to better elaborate on the role of the transportation sector in controlling climate change threats. More specifically, issues around the use of electric vehicles and how they can contribute to more environmentally friendly communities are discussed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document