scholarly journals Thermal Properties of Residual Agroforestry Biomass of Northern Portugal

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Enes ◽  
José Aranha ◽  
Teresa Fonseca ◽  
Domingos Lopes ◽  
Ana Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Bioenergy Production ◽  
Soxhlet Method

Biomass from forestry and agricultural sector provides an important contribution to encounter the government’s targets for increasing bioenergy production and utilization. Characterization of agricultural and forest wastes are critical for exploiting and utilizing them for energy purpose. In the present work agricultural and forest wastes and shrubs were sampled in two sites in north Portugal (Ave and Sabor basin) and subjected to Higher Heating Value (HHV) and chemical composition quantification. The HHV was evaluated according to the methodology described in Standard DD CEN/TS14918:2005. For the lignin content, the procedure was made by the Klason method and the extractives content was determined with the Soxhlet method. For agricultural and forest wastes the HHV values are identical with a range of 17 to 21 MJ·kg−1. However, shrubs biomass presentx slightly higher and statistically different values from agricultural and forest wastes, varying between 19 and 21 MJ·kg−1. Forest wastes contain higher levels of holocellulose compared to agricultural wastes and, with respect to extractive contents, this trend is the reverse. There is a general tendency for the woody components present thermo-chemical properties more suited for energy purposes, than the residues formed by the branches and leaves.

scholarly journals Colored cotton wastes valuation through thermal and catalytic reforming of pyrolysis vapors (Py-GC/MS)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janduir Egito da Silva ◽  
Guilherme Quintela Calixto ◽  
Rodolfo Luiz Bezerra de Araújo Medeiros ◽  
Marcus Antônio de Freitas Melo ◽  
Dulce Maria de Araújo Melo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lignin Content ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Catalytic Reforming ◽  
Pyrolysis Products ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Colored Cotton ◽  
Benzene Toluene ◽  
Naturally Colored Cotton ◽  
Main Influence

AbstractThis study aims to analyze the products of the catalytic pyrolysis of naturally colored cotton residues, type BRS (seeds from Brazil), called BRS-Verde, BRS-Rubi, BRS-Topázio and BRS-Jade. The energy characterization of biomass was evaluated through ultimate and proximate analysis, higher heating value, cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin content, thermogravimetric analysis and apparent density. Analytical pyrolysis was performed at 500 °C in an analytical pyrolyzer from CDS Analytical connected to a gas chromatograph coupled to the mass spectrometer (GC/MS). The pyrolysis vapors were reformed at 300 and 500 °C through thermal and catalytic cracking with zeolites (ZSM-5 and HZSM-5). It has been noticed that pyrolysis vapor reforming at 500 °C promoted partial deoxygenation and cracking reactions, while the catalytic reforming showed better results for the product deoxygenation. The catalyst reforming of pyrolysis products, especially using HZSM-5 at 500 °C, promoted the formation of monoaromatics such as benzene, toluene, xylene and styrene, which are important precursors of polymers, solvents and biofuels. The main influence on the yields of these aromatic products is due to the catalytic activity of ZSM-5 favored by increased temperature that promotes cracking reactions due expanded zeolites channels.

scholarly journals Comparison of colors, microstructure, chemical composition and thermal properties of bamboo fibers and parenchyma cells with heat treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jieyu Wu ◽  
Tuhua Zhong ◽  
Wenfu Zhang ◽  
Jiangjing Shi ◽  
Benhua Fei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Bamboo Fibers

AbstractThe effects of heat treatment at various temperatures on mechanically separated bamboo fibers and parenchyma cells were examined in terms of color, microstructure, chemical composition, crystallinity, and thermal properties. The heat-treated parenchyma cells and fibers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), chemical composition analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results revealed that the colors of bamboo fibers and parenchyma cells were darkened as treatment temperature increased. The microstructure of the treated fibers and parenchyma cells slightly changed, yet the shape of starch granules in parenchyma cells markedly altered at a temperature of above 160 °C. The chemical compositions varied depending on the heat treatment temperature. When treated at 220 °C, the cellulose content was almost unchanged in fibers but increased by 15% in parenchyma cells; the hemicellulose content decreased and the lignin content increased regardless of fibers and parenchyma cells. The cellulose crystal structure was nearly unaffected by heat treatment, but the cellulose crystallinity of fibers changed more pronouncedly than that of parenchyma cells. The thermal stability of parenchyma cells after heat treatment was affected more substantially compared to fibers.

scholarly journals CARACTERIZAÇÃO FÍSICA E QUÍMICA DA BIOMASSA USADA COMO COMBUSTÍVEL SÓLIDO EM UMA CALDEIRA

Química Nova ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natália Carvalho ◽  
João Barros ◽  
Diego Silva ◽  
Gabriela Nakashima ◽  
Fábio Yamaji
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Moisture Determination ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Physical And Chemical Characterization ◽  
Physical And Chemical

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF BIOMASS USED AS SOLID FUEL IN A BOILER. Biomass is a renewable energy source most used in the world, however, depending on the chemical properties and origin of the material used as biofuel, the amount of ash generated during combustion can be high, harming the energetic harnessing. The objective of this study was to characterize chemically and physically biomass: bark, sawdust, and urban pruning; used for energy generation. Also, part of the study was the physical characterization of briquettes produced from these materials. The analyzes performed to characterize the biomass were: moisture determination, higher heating value, proximate analysis and chemical composition - extractives, lignin and holocellulose contents. Subsequently, the biomass was briquetted and the mechanical properties of the briquettes were tested. The results showed that all biomass (bark, sawdust, and urban pruning) has the energy potential to be used in the industry. T1 briquettes (100% bark) showed the highest mechanical resistance. However, the formation of blends should be sought to minimize the ash content in the boiler. Thus, blends T2 and T3 can be considered as the best alternatives for the company.

scholarly journals Effects of Liquid Smoke on the Chemical Composition and Thermal Properties of Sago Fiber

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mukhlis Muslimin ◽  
Kusno Kamil ◽  
Sofyan Arif Setya Budi ◽  
I. N. G. Wardana
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Statistical Approach ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Control Specimen ◽  
Reinforced Composites ◽  
Liquid Smoke ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Fiber Treatment

The chemical composition and thermal properties of sago fiber, as processed via liquid smoke treatment, were analyzed in the current study, which is divided into two steps: fiber treatment and chemical property analysis. In the first stage, groups of sago fiber were immersed in the liquid smoke solution for one, two, three, four, and five hours prior to one-hour of drying, while untreated sago fiber was kept as the control specimen. After immersion, each group of sago fiber specimen was identified through SEM-EDS, which indicated that the effect of liquid smoke treatment resulted from escalated thermal stability as well as activation energy (from 213.4 °C and 67.02 kJ/mol to 220.6 °C and 73.43 kJ/mol, respectively). Additionally, a statistical approach depicted improved chemical properties of the treated sago fiber and confirmed the applicability of liquid smoke immersion as an appropriate treatment for sago fiber, prior to their application as reinforced composites.

scholarly journals Characterization of Agronomic and Quality from Three Clones of Ramie Plant (Boehmeria nivea [L.] Gaud.) in Ultisol Limau Manis

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-08
Author(s):  
Reni Mayerni
Keyword(s):  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Food Crops ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Fiber Production ◽  
Quality Class

The quality improvement of ramie, including inner and outer aspects are required to be developed to optimalize its production. Unlike horticulture and food crops, ramie cultivation is not constrained by the soil type. This study was aimed to evaluate the agronomical characteristics of three ramie clones in ultisol land. This study was performed using descriptive analysis method with purposive sampling by collecting 10 clumps per clone. Clones of fiber ramie used were Ramindo 1, Bandung A and Lembang A. All clones were planted in ultisol soil located in 350 m above sea level from September 2015 until March 2016. The highest fiber production was achieved from Ramindo 1 followed by Bandung A and Lembang A. The resulted fiber from all clones was considered as quality class II fiber marked by the nominal value ranging from 400-450. Bandung A exhibited the best quality of fiber with nominal value of 450. In terms of its chemical composition, fiber produced by Lembang A contained the highest cellulose (74.7%) with the lowest lignin content (3.6%).

scholarly journals An integrated characterization of Picea abies industrial bark regarding chemical composition, thermal properties and polar extracts activity

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. e0208270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duarte M. Neiva ◽  
Solange Araújo ◽  
Jorge Gominho ◽  
Angélica de Cássia Carneiro ◽  
Helena Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Polar Extracts

scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of High-Performing Sulfur-Free Tannin Foams

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Eckardt ◽  
Jonas Neubauer ◽  
Thomas Sepperer ◽  
Sandro Donato ◽  
Michela Zanetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
High Performing ◽  
Blowing Agent ◽  
Insulating Properties

Tannin foams are green lightweight materials that have attracted industrial interest for the manufacturing of sandwich panels for insulation purposes. However, the dimensions of the cells and the presence of sulfur in the formulation developed until now have discouraged their upscaling. In this work, we present the synthesis and the characterization of the more promising small cell and sulfur-free materials. It was observed that, with respect to standard ones, foams catalyzed with nitric acid present similar physical properties and more phenolic character, which favors the absorption of ionic pollutants. Conversely, the foams blown with aliphatic solvents and surfactants present smaller pores, and higher mechanical and insulating properties, without affecting the chemical properties or the heating value. The combined foam produced with nitric acid as a catalyst and petroleum ether as a blowing agent result in sulfur-free and small cell material with overall improved features. These foams have been produced at 30 × 30 × 3 cm3, with high homogeneity and, to date, they represent the most suitable formulation for industrial upscaling.

An Empirical Study of the Relation of Chemical Properties to Ash Fusion Temperatures

1975 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. C. Winegartner ◽  
B. T. Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Coal Ash ◽  
Temperature Measurements ◽  
Standard Errors ◽  
Fusion Temperature ◽  
Ash Fusion Temperature

Regression analysis is used to develop equations for calculating fusion temperatures of coal ash from chemical composition, based on 1250 analyses of ash from both eastern and western coal. Standard errors for the equations are generally less than 50°F (27°C), which is the analytical tolerance of the ash fusion temperature measurements. Equations are given for eastern, western, and combined eastern and western coals. These equations: (1) provide a technique for calculating ash fusion temperatures from the chemical composition of the ash; (2) provide a method for calculating the ash fusion properties of coal blends; and (3) provide an improved understanding of the effect, significance, and interactions of ash elements with respect to the thermal properties of coal ash.

scholarly journals CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF PELLETS OF Pinus sp. TORREFIED IN A SCREW TYPE REACTOR

FLORESTA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateus Alves de Magalhães ◽  
Angélica De Cássia Oliveira Carneiro ◽  
Benedito Rocha Vital ◽  
Carlos Miguel Simões da Silva ◽  
Emylle Veloso Santos Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Type Reactor ◽  
Proportional Increase ◽  
The Times

The combination of pelletization and torrefaction allows for obtaining pellets with higher energetic density. Thus, biomass becomes more attractive and usable for energetic purposes, and therefore, knowing the chemical properties becomes important to guarantee the quality of the torrefied pellets for fuel. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of torrefaction of Pinus sp. pellets on their chemical properties. The wood was previously transformed into particles and dried to 16% moisture content for further pelleting. For the torrefaction, the pellets were dried to 0% moisture content and subjected to heat treatment in a screw type reactor at the temperatures of 210, 250, and 290 °C and the times of 10, 20, and 30 minutes. In order to determine the chemical properties, the structural chemical composition, immediate chemical composition, elemental composition, and thermogravimetric analysis were performed. The torrefaction promoted significant changes in the chemical properties of Pinus sp. pellets, especially regarding the proportional increase of carbon content in detriment to oxygen reduction, increase of the thermal stability, and proportional increase of the lignin content by the reduction of the hemicelluloses. This improves the energetic quality of the biomass and turns it into a more competitive fuel when compared to fossil fuels.

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