scholarly journals RDF from Compost-Like-Output’s Produced in the MBT Installation in the Case of Marszów, Poland

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 4353
Author(s):  
Jacek Połomka ◽  
Andrzej Jędrczak
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Light Fraction ◽  
Technical Feasibility ◽  
European Committee ◽  
Refuse Derived Fuel ◽  
Plastic Materials ◽  
Measurement Series ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Air Separator

At most of the installations for the mechanical and biological treatment of waste operated in Poland, the 0–80 mm fraction, separated from the municipal waste stream, are completely stored after biostabilization. Such an action does not fit into the EU strategy focused on circular waste management. The purpose of this study was to assess the technical feasibility of recovering the mineral fractions contained in the compost-like-output (CLO) on a technological line designed for glass recovery. The research started in January 2019, lasted for the next 12 months, and covered 29 measurement series. The following two high-energy fractions were separated from the CLO: 10–35 mm light fraction after separation in the air separator (M-1) and 35–80 mm light fraction after separation in the air separator (M-2). The stabilization processing on the glass recovery line allowed for the recovery of two high energy fractions in the total amount of 24.5% of the processed, and it stabilized the product’s mass. In terms of materials, the M-1 and M-2 wastes were a mixture of organic, paper, and plastic materials. Under the Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) classification, according to the European Committee for Standardization, the tested waste fell within the following classes: waste M-1: 4NCV2Cl4Hg and M-2: 4NCV1Cl4Hg.

scholarly journals The European Committee of the Regions as a watchdog of the principle of subsidiarity

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 284-301
Author(s):  
Salvatore Fabio Nicolosi ◽  
Lisette Mustert
Keyword(s):  
European Commission ◽  
Legislative Process ◽  
European Committee ◽  
Legislative Proposal ◽  
The Right ◽  
Committee Of The Regions ◽  
Regional Funds ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
The Eu

In a resolution adopted on 1 February 2018, the European Committee of the Regions noted that a legislative proposal of the European Commission concerning a Regulation that changes the rules governing the EU regional funds for 2014-2020 did not comply with the principle of subsidiarity. Accordingly, the Committee considered challenging the legislative proposal before the Court of Justice if the proposal was formally agreed upon. Although at a later stage the European Commission decided to take into account the Committee’s argument and amended the proposal accordingly, such a context offers the chance to investigate more in detail the role of the Committee of the Regions in the legislative process of the EU and, more in particular, its role as a watchdog of the principle of subsidiarity. This paper aims to shed light on a rather neglected aspect of the EU constitutional practice, such as the potential of the Committee of the Regions to contribute to the legislative process, and answer the question of whether this Committee is the right body to guarantee compliance with the principle of subsidiarity.

Potential contribution of the wastewater sector to energy supply

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (8) ◽  
pp. 1765-1771 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Heubeck ◽  
R. M. de Vos ◽  
R. Craggs
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Potential Energy ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Technology Selection ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Future Potential

The biological treatment of wastewater could yield high energy fuels such as methane and alcohols, however most conventional treatment systems do not recover this energy potential. With a simple model of the energy yields of various wastewater treatment technologies it is possible to demonstrate how minor shifts in technology selection can lead the industry from being identified as predominantly energy intensive, to being recognised as a source of energy resources. The future potential energy yield is estimated by applying energy yield factors to alternative use scenarios of the same wastewater loads. The method for identifying the energy potential of wastewater was demonstrated for the New Zealand wastewater sector, but can equally be applied to other countries or regions. The model suggests that by using technologies that maximise the recovery of energy from wastewater, the potential energy yield from this sector would be substantially increased (six fold for New Zealand).

Analyzing the impact of fossil fuel import reliance on electricity prices: The case of the Iberian Electricity Market

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 687-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blanca Moreno ◽  
María T García-Álvarez
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Electricity Market ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Electricity Prices ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

Spain and Portugal are highly dependent on energy from abroad, importing more than 70% of all the energy they consume. This high energy dependence could involve important effects on the level and stability of their electricity prices as a half the gross electricity generated in both countries came from power stations using imported combustible fuels (such as natural gas, coal and oil). In general, changes in the prices of these fossil fuels can directly affect household electricity prices, since generation costs are likely to be transmitted through to the wholesale electricity market. Moreover, in the framework of the European Union Emission Trading System, electricity production technologies tend to incorporate their costs of carbon dioxide emission allowances in sale offers with the consequent increase of the electricity prices. The objective of this paper is to analyze the influence of fossil fuel costs and prices of carbon dioxide emission allowances in the EU on the Spanish and Portuguese electricity prices. With this aim, a maximum entropy econometric approach is used. The obtained results indicate that not only the price of imported gas are very important in explaining Spanish and Portuguese electricity prices but also the price of carbon dioxide emission allowances in the EU.

European Energy Security and Sustainability

2011 ◽  
pp. 38-67
Author(s):  
Anatoly Zhuplev ◽  
Dmitry A. Shtykhno
Keyword(s):  
Energy Security ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Sustainable Energy ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Technology Investment ◽  
Regional Energy ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Energy Dependent ◽  
The Eu

Europe’s economic wellbeing and growth are highly energy dependent and heavily reliant on Russian imports of oil and gas. European energy security, its alternatives, and implications are examined in this chapter with the view of sustainability and the EU-Russian energy dialog. With an asymmetric mutual political-economic interdependency with Russia, Europe’s exposure in oil and gas calls for sustainable energy solutions. Meantime, Russia, the key energy supplier in the European region, is also a major energy consumer whose economy is characterized by high energy intensity. Russian energy sector needs serious improvements in technology, investment, and management: failure to address these priorities erodes Russia’s reliability as major regional energy supplier. The chapter explores the dynamics of Russian energy sector and implications for European energy security and sustainability.

Implementation of EU discharge guidelines at IVAR's Regional Wastewater Treatment Plant of North Jaeren, Stavanger, Norway

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Tornes
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Chemical Treatment ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Precipitation Process ◽  
European Economic Area ◽  
The Eu

Norway is a leading country on wastewater treatment comprising chemical precipitation processes. This is because Norwegian effluent standards to the North Sea have traditionally focused on phosphorus removal. In most cases, chemical treatment therefore has been considered to give lower investment and operating costs than biological treatment. Norwegian wastewater policy and management is based on the EU guidelines resulting from the EEA (European Economic Area) Agreement. According to the 1991 Urban Wastewater Treatment Directive, this will in most cases require secondary treatment. However, primary treatment can be accepted for plants larger than 10,000 PT with effluents to less sensitive coastal areas, if no negative environmental impacts can be proved. The main objective of the Regional Water, Sewerage and Waste Company (IVAR) is to comply with the prevailing effluent limits at lowest possible cost. During the past four years, IVAR has therefore undertaken comprehensive optimising of the precipitation process including full-scale experiments with different coagulant dosing control systems and different types of coagulants. IVAR also accomplished a feasibility study of introducing biological treatment as an alternative to chemical treatment. Under the prevailing frame conditions of discharge requirements and sludge deposit costs, it is not economically feasible to change to organic coagulants or biological treatment. This conclusion might have to be altered later resulting from the implementation of new EU regulations and increasing sludge deposit costs. This paper presents results from full-scale experiments, extracts from the feasibility study and a comparison of costs. Furthermore, the practical consequences of implementing the EU-guidelines are discussed.

scholarly journals Analysis of Power Equipment Level on the Example of Farm Tractors in Selected Farms of Przeworsk Province

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 17-27
Author(s):  
Sławomir Juściński ◽  
Wiesław Piekarski ◽  
Zdzisław Chomik
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Power Equipment ◽  
Structural Funds ◽  
Efficient Performance ◽  
Level Of Use ◽  
Total Acreage ◽  
Eu Structural Funds ◽  
The Eu

AbstractDecisions concerning investments in farm tractors is a significant problem of modern agricultural production. Ensuring efficient performance of agrotechnical treatments and a rational level of use of tractors in the aspect of exploitation costs are a derivative of the power equipment level in a farm. The paper presents studies carried out in 31 selected farms, which run production on the total acreage of 937 ha of agricultural land (AL) and exploit 70 tractors. Analysis covered information on: area of farms, number and power of used tractors, investments in technical equipment concerning purchase of farm tractors and a production profile. In the investigated farms at the average per 100 ha of the agricultural land area there was 7.47 tractors, 90% of respondents actively used subsidies available from the EU structural funds. A high energy equipment level was determined in particular in farm with a smaller acreage. Over 87% of farm used more than one tractor and the age of the third each did not exceed six years.

scholarly journals Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) from Urban Waste using Biodrying Process: Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-74
Author(s):  
Mochammad Chaerul ◽  
Annisa Kusuma Wardhani
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Scientific Journals ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Urban Waste ◽  
Refuse Derived Fuel

The utilization of waste into fuel (Refuse Derived Fuel, RDF) is an alternative to overcome the problem of municipal solid waste (MSW). Many processes can be applied to produce RDF including through biodrying process. Biodrying is a part of Mechanical-Biological Treatment (MBT) aiming to reduce water content in the waste by utilizing heat generated from microorganism activities while degrading organic matter in the waste, thus the calorific value will increase. The paper aims to make a review from various research papers on biodrying process published in scientific journals, so it becomes one of reference on further research on biodrying process by considering the characteristics of waste in Indonesia. The review has been conducted by focusing on several important aspects on the research such as operation principle, reactor design configuration, parameters to be examined, and the characteristics of feed and product.

scholarly journals Potential of Mineral Fraction in Compost-Like-Output, Methods of Its Obtaining and the Possibility of Using It in the Context of Circular Economy

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 3023
Author(s):  
Jacek Połomka ◽  
Andrzej Jędrczak
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Separation Process ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Road Maintenance ◽  
Technical Feasibility ◽  
Morphological Composition ◽  
Winter Road ◽  
Glass Recycling

Most of the systems for the mechanical and biological treatment of waste used in Poland send the 0–80 mm fraction separated from the municipal waste stream, after biostabilization, entirely to a landfill. Such action is not in line with the adopted EU strategy focused on waste management in the circular cycle. The purpose of this work was to assess the technical feasibility of recovering the mineral fractions contained in compost-like-output (CLO) on the proprietary technological line designed for glass recovery. The research was launched in January 2019, and lasted for a subsequent 12 months. In the article, the amounts of mineral fractions possible to be separated from CLO are presented, as well as their morphological composition and selected properties being determined. The processing of CLO on the line allowed to recover on average 69.4 ± 7.0% of the glass. This product was accepted by glass recycling plants. Mineral fractions constituting waste from the glass separation process were tested for their use in winter road maintenance. Tests were also carried out confirming the possibility of using selected mineral fractions (0–10 mm) from CLO to obtain a waste cement mix useful for constructing road foundations using a standard amount of cement.

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