scholarly journals Legume Beverages from Chickpea and Lupin, as New Milk Alternatives

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Lopes ◽  
Chloé Pierrepont ◽  
Carla Margarida Duarte ◽  
Alexandra Filipe ◽  
Bruno Medronho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Shear Thinning ◽  
Milk Consumption ◽  
High Demand ◽  
Cooking Water ◽  
High Level ◽  
Milk Replacers ◽  
Processing Steps ◽  
By Products ◽  
Dairy Beverages

Recently, milk consumption has been declining and there is a high demand for non-dairy beverages. However, market offers are mainly cereal and nut-based beverages, which are essentially poor in protein (typically, less than 1.5% against the 3.5% in milk) and are not true milk replacers in that sense. In this work, new beverages from different pulses (i.e., pea, chickpea and lupin) were developed using technologies that enable the incorporation of a high level of seed components, with low or no discharge of by-products. Different processing steps were sequentially tested and discussed for the optimization of the sensorial features and stability of the beverage, considering the current commercial non-dairy beverages trends. The lupin beverage protein contents ranged from 1.8% to 2.4% (w/v) and the chickpea beverage varied between 1.0% and 1.5% (w/v). The “milk” yield obtained for the optimized procedure B was 1221 g/100 g of dry seed and 1247 g/100 g of dry seed, for chickpea beverage and lupin beverage, respectively. Sensory results show that chickpea beverage with cooking water has the best taste. All pulses-based beverages are typical non-Newtonian fluids, similarly to current non-dairy alternative beverages. In this respect, the sprouted chickpea beverage, without the cooking water, presents the most pronounced shear-thinning behavior of all formulations.

REALIZATION OF PARENTAL INDICES OF COW PRODUCTIVITY IN DIFFERENT MILKING BREEDS AT BREEDING FARM "AGROFIRMA "PAKHMA"

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Cattle Breed ◽  
Holstein Cattle ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Cattle Breeds ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Production Indices ◽  
High Level ◽  
Beta Lactoglobulin ◽  
Percentage Protein

Combination of genotypes of main types’ genetic markers causes milk productivity in cattle. The article studies correlation between kappa casein genotypes (C3N3), beta-lactoglobulin (LGB), their complexes and milk production indices in cows bred under equal conditions at a breeding farm. The calculation of parental milk yield and fat indices between the three breeds showed a significant difference (P>0,999) of PCI of Ayrshire and Holstein cattle breed milk yield - 3395 kg, PCI of fat - 0,22%; between Holstein and Yaroslavl cattle breeds - 3200 kg, PCI offat - 0,16%. A significant difference of realization indices of protein between all three breeds was not stated. The highest realization ofparental milk yield index was stated - between Ayrshire and Yaroslavl cattle breeds- 113%, Holstein cattle breed - 88%. As for the fat and protein indices, all three cattle breeds showed a high realization of PCI from 98% to 109%. However, Holstein cattle breed showed the highest percentage: protein - 101%, fat - 109%. A significant difference of PCI realization of milk productivity in CSN3 and LGB genotypes was not stated. It was also stated that there is a tendency of high level parental indices realization when there is a higher number of B-allele variants in genotypes of cows.

scholarly journals Critical Issues and Opportunities for Producing Biomethane in Italy

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2431
Author(s):  
Roberto Murano ◽  
Natascia Maisano ◽  
Roberta Selvaggi ◽  
Gioacchino Pappalardo ◽  
Biagio Pecorino
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Political Incentives ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Biogas Plants ◽  
High Level ◽  
By Products ◽  
Lack Of Knowledge

Nowadays, most Italian biogas produces electricity even though recent political incentives are promoting biomethane from biogas by “upgrading” it. The aim of this paper is to focus on the regulatory framework for producing biomethane from new or already-existent anaerobic digestion plants. The complexity and lack of knowledge of the regulations on biofuel production and of anaerobic digested biomethane from waste and by-products create difficulties of both interpretation and application. Consequently, the aim of this paper is to analyze the regulations for producing biomethane, underline the critical issues and opportunities, and evaluate whether an electrical plant built in the last 10 years in Italy can really be converted to a biomethane plant, thereby lengthening its lifespan. Three case studies were considered to look more closely into applying Italian biomethane incentives and to simulate the types of incentivization in agriculture with examples based on certain fuel types typical of a standard biomethane plant of 500 standard cubic meter per hour. All the considered cases put in evidence that biomethane is a further opportunity for development with a high level of efficiency for all biogas producers, especially for many biogas plants whose incentivization period is about to finish.

INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT DOSES OF TISSUE BIO-STIMULANT MADE FROM VELVET ANTLER DEER BY-PRODUCTS ON COW REPRODUCTIVE QUALITIES

2021 ◽  
pp. 40-42
Author(s):  
И.А. ПУШКАРЕВ
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Trial Group ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Trial Batch ◽  
Service Period ◽  
Velvet Antler ◽  
Group 15 ◽  
By Products ◽  
Different Doses

Исследования проводились в Алтайском крае на коровах Приобского типа черно-пестрой породы. Было сформировано 4 группы коров 3 лактации, аналогов по живой массе (500 кг), в период сухостоя, по 10 голов в каждой. Молочная продуктивность по последней контрольной дойке перед запуском составляла в среднем 22,5 л. Тканевый биостимулятор вводили с интервалом 14 дней, четырехкратно в период сухостоя и четырехкратно в период раздоя. В I опытной группе доза тканевого биостимулятора составляла 15 мл/гол., во II — 22,5 мл/гол., в III — 30 мл/гол. Опытную партию тканевого биостимулятора изготовили из субпродуктов и боенских отходов пантовых оленей. Наиболее оптимальной дозой применения тканевого биостимулятора следует считать 22,5 мл/гол, она способствовала сокращению времени прихода коров в первую половую охоту после отела на 3,9%, повышению результативности осеменения до 30,0%, уменьшению сервис-периода на 17,5% (P≤0,05) и индекса осеменения на 32,0%. The studies were conducted in in the herd of Black-Pied cows of the Priobskiy type. Four groups of 10 dry cows at the age of the 3rd lactation and comparable in live weight (500 kg) were formed. The milk yield at to the last control milking before drying-off averaged 22.5 liters. The tissue bio-stimulant was administered two weeks apart, four times during the dry period and four times during the first 100 days of lactation. The tissue bio-stimulant was administered in the following doses: in the 1st trial group — 15 mL per head; 2nd trial group — 22.5 mL per head; 3rd trial group - 30 mL per head. The trial batch of the tissue bio-stimulant was made from velvet antler deer by-products and slaughterhouse offal. The tissue bio-stimulant dose of 22.5 mL per head should be considered the most optimal one; it shortened time of coming in the first heat after calving by 3.9%, increased insemination effectiveness to 30.0%, shortened the service period by 17.5% (P≤0.05) and decreased the insemination index by 32.0%.

EFFECTS OF FEEDING A HIGH LEVEL OF TOWER RAPESEED MEAL IN DAIRY RATIONS ON FEED INTAKE AND MILK PRODUCTION

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 653-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. R. SHARMA ◽  
J. R. INGALLS ◽  
J. A. MCKIRDY
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Short Term ◽  
N Retention ◽  
High Level

In experiment 1, 12 cows were used to compare the two (0–0) rapeseed meal (1788 and Tower) varieties with the commercial rapeseed meal (CRSM) and soybean meal (SBM). Feed intake, milk yield and fat content were not different (P > 0.05) among the four treatments; however, protein content was higher (P < 0.05) for the cows fed CRSM and SBM diets than for those fed the 1788–RSM diet. But more (P < 0.05) milk fat was produced by the cows fed 1788–RSM than by those fed CRSM and SBM diets. In experiment 2, eight cows were used to determine the effects of replacing SBM with Tower and also replacing a portion of Tower with urea (TU) in a mixed or extruded (TUE) form on feed intake, milk yield and nitrogen (N) retention. No differences were observed in feed consumption, milk yield or composition among the treatments. Serum thyroxine (T4) level was higher (P < 0.05) for the cows fed SBM than for those fed the 1788–SBM and was similar to levels for cows fed CRSM and Tower in the first experiment. However, no differences were found in thyroxine level in the second experiment. Extrusion of Tower–urea mixture increased (P < 0.05) the N retention compared with other treatments. These short-term studies suggest that up to 25% Tower RSM can be used in dairy rations without adverse effect on performance.

Influence of Genetic Merit on Fertility Traits of Dairy Cattle on Commercial Farms

2002 ◽  
Vol 2002 ◽  
pp. 126-126
Author(s):  
H.C.F. Wicks ◽  
J.D. Leaver
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Genetic Merit ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Actual Yield ◽  
High Level ◽  
Daily Milk Yield

The selection of dairy cattle for high milk production is thought to be linked to increased problems with fertility. Most research has concentrated on the influence of actual yields rather than the effect of genetic merit on fertility. It has also been reported that by maintaining a high level of herd management the reproductive efficiency problems associated with high milk production can be removed (Nebel and Gilliard, 1993). The current work estimated the influence of genetic merit (defined as PIN95), 90-day daily milk yield, deviation from herd mean 305-day milk yield and body condition score on fertility, in an attempt to assess whether actual yield has more effect than potential yield as indicated by genetic merit.

SELENIUM CONTENT OF SOME FEED INGREDIENTS AVAILABLE IN CANADA

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. ARTHUR
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Selenium Content ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Mineral Supplements ◽  
Poultry Products ◽  
High Level ◽  
By Products ◽  
Prairie Province

The selenium content of Canadian grains, wheat by-products, plant and animal protein supplements and mineral supplements has been determined by chemical analyses. Grains of prairie province origin contained five to ten times as much Se as those of Ontario and Quebec. Corn, oat, barley and wheat grain from the latter central provinces had low and comparable levels of Se; western durum wheat had a high level. Plant products varied widely in their Se content, soybean meal being low (0.14 ppm), rapeseed and linseed meals high (ca. 1.00 ppm). Among animal products, milk by-products contained the least amounts (ca. 0.15 ppm) and fishery products the most (ca. 2.00 ppm). Meat and poultry products had intermediate amounts. Calcium phosphate (0.65 ppm) contained 15 times as much Se as calcium carbonate.

Osmotic Membrane Distillation - A Brief Review

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naveen Nagaraj ◽  
Balaji Shivaji Patil ◽  
Prashant Maharudrappa Biradar
Keyword(s):  
Process Integration ◽  
Membrane Distillation ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Water Load ◽  
Transmembrane Flux ◽  
Concentration Step ◽  
High Level ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Processing Steps ◽  
Very High

In recent years, osmotic membrane distillation is gaining importance as an attractive/ complementary athermal membrane process. Osmotic membrane distillation is having potential to concentrate the biomolecules/liquids to a very high level under mild operating condition, without product damage. Further, this process can be employed as a pre-concentration step to reduce water load significantly on subsequent processing steps. The present review exclusively deals with process features, theoretical aspects involving water transport mechanism, influence of various process conditions on transmembrane flux along with recent application of osmotic membrane distillation process. Also, suggestions for future work and possible process integration of osmotic membrane distillation with other processes are also discussed.

Dynamics of experimentally induced Staphylococcus epidermidis mastitis in East Friesian milk ewes

2003 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Winter ◽  
Franz Schilcher ◽  
Klemens Fuchs ◽  
Ian G Colditz
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Initial Response ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Sheep Milk ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship

The responses of five lactating East Friesian milk ewes to experimental mammary infection with Staphylococcus epidermidis and of five control ewes were examined over a period of 10 weeks. Infection caused an influx of neutrophils into milk, the numbers of which started to rise 4 h post infection and peaked 24 h after infection. The initial response was accompanied by mild fever and mild leucopaenia in blood (8 h after infection). No other signs of systemic infection were observed. Milk appeared normal at all times, although the milk yield of infected ewes tended to decline. Staphylococci were absent in milk from four ewes at 2 d and at 3 d after infection, but re-emerged intermittently in four of five ewes at subsequent samplings. Cytokines in milk were measured by ELISA. IL-8 was elevated in infected glands at 2 h and peaked at 8 h. In the four ewes intermittently shedding bacteria, IL-8 remained elevated until the final sampling at 10 weeks. IL-1β was transiently elevated at 1 d and 2 d and showed a pronounced peak in one sheep. Milk samples from this ewe were bacteriologically negative, somatic cell count (SCC) was within the normal range and the concentrations of IL-1β, as well as IL-8, were similiar to the control group (n=5) from 1 week after infection until the final sampling. Histological examination revealed leucocytic infiltrates in the four glands remaining infected at the end of the experiment, and a high level of CD5+ lymphocytes in three ewes. The results suggest that the relationship between the initial neutrophil influx and the proinflammatory cytokines may be responsible for determining the course of infection. Subclinical mastitis due to coagulase-negative staphylococci leads to minor changes in milk yield and milk constituents.

scholarly journals Productivity of fi rst-calf cows of different sire lines

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 58-64
Author(s):  
A. G. Kolchev
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
White Breed ◽  
High Level ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

The results of the study of milk productivity and lactation rates of fi rst-calf cows are presented. The research into fi rst-calf cows of black-andwhite Holstein breed, belonging to sire lines of Wis Ideal 1013415 and Refl ection Sovereign 198998 was conducted in 2018 in Novosibirsk region. The number of cows under study was 64, the period of the study covered 305 days of lactation. Monitoring of milk production, milk fl ow intensity, fat and protein content was carried out monthly. The research materials were analyzed for groups of cows depending on their sire line and productivity for single and daily milk yield, fat and protein content, and dynamics of milk ejection for the fi rst 3 minutes of milking. The highest daily milk yield in both lines was observed in the second month of lactation. In the fourth and fi fth months of lactation, the average daily milk yield of Refl ection Sovereign cows was signifi cantly higher (р < 0.001) than that of their peers of the Vis Ideal line, by 1.3 kg. During the lactation period, the productivity of the Vis Ideal and Refl ection Sovereign cows was almost the same: milk yield – 8296 and 8220 kg, fat content – 4.02 and 4.06%, protein – 3.36 and 3.35% and milk fl ow intensity – 2.70 and 2.78 kg/min, respectively. In the second and third months of lactation, cows of both lines had a decrease in the content of fat, protein and intensity of milk fl ow with a gradual increase in these indices in the fourth and fi fth months of lactation. First-calf cows of the black-and-white breed of Canadian selection of different sire lines showed a high level of milk productivity and proved to be suitable for further breeding work.

scholarly journals DEFINING OPTIMAL LOCATIONS OF ESTABLISHMENTS AND TRANSPORTATION ROUTES FOR TREATMENT AND STORAGE OF ANIMAL WASTE

AGROFOR ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirza PONJAVIC ◽  
Sanja CELEBICANIN ◽  
Slavoljub STANOJEVIC ◽  
Melisa GAZDIC
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Transport ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Animal Waste ◽  
Product Management ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Financial Framework ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
High Level ◽  
By Products

In order to ensure a high level of public health and animal health protection inBosnia and Herzegovina, it is necessary to improve the existing and/or providequality management of animal by-products, i.e. to establish an infrastructure forquality and efficient treatment/disposal of animal by-products and waste of animalorigin. This implies a wide range of activities in this field, such as measures toimprove the legal and institutional framework, better data system management,establishment of by-product management model including transport solutions andtechnologies and provision of an adequate financial framework and sources offunding. At this point, the issue of management of animal by-products and animalwaste in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) has not been adequately addressed andposes a threat to both human and animal health. In this regard, establishment of asustainable management system for animal by-products and animal waste is ofutmost importance for further development of BiH agriculture. Inadequatemanagement of animal by-products and animal waste poses a huge threat to theenvironment, endangering natural resources, watercourses, sources of drinkingwater, soil and atmosphere. This paper presents some of the activities related toestablishment of this infrastructure, relating to the methodology of selection oflocations for central plant and intermediate establishments for treatment andcollection of animal waste and the definition of optimal transport routes andtransport capacities.

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